anatomy test (The Lungs)
pneumonia
a disease in which some of the alveoli of the lungs fill with fluid.
Asthma
a disease in which the air passages of the lungs periodically become too narrow.
pharynx
a long tube that is shared with the digestive system.
emphysema
a lung disease in which walls of the alveoli break down
asthma occurs when the
air passages of the lungs periodically become too narrow, often with excessive mucus production.
Emphysema
all the above
which of the following factors play a role in the oxygen-hemoglobin saturation/dissociation curve?
all the above
tiny air sacs in the lungs are known as ________________
alveoli
which of the following anatomical structures is not part of the conducting zone?
alveoli
________________ is a chronic disease characterized by inflammation and edema of the airway, and bronchospasms, which can inhibit air from entering the lungs.
asthma
identify 3 diseases of the respiratory system and state what triggers or causes each disease.
asthma= allergies chronic bronchitis= caused by smoking lung cancer= caused by smoking
A section of the lung that receives its own tertiary bronchus is called the ________.
bronchopulmonary segment
which of the following occurs during the chloride shift?
chloride is exchanged for bicarbonate
a decrease in volume leads to an ______________________ in pressure
increase
what is the function of the conchae in the nasal cavity?
increase surface area
what is the major mechanism that results in acclimatization?
increased production of red blood cells
occurs when the diaphragm contracts
inhaling
gas exchange that occurs at the level of the tissues is called _____________
internal respiration
how many lobes do the lungs contain in each?
right = 3 left = 2
alveoli
tiny air sacs in the lungs
what is the role of alveolar macrophages?
to remove pathogens and debris
the ______________ is also known as the windpipe.
trachea
Increased ventilation that results in an increase in blood pH is called ________.
hyperventilation
outline the pathway of a breath of air from the nose to the alveoli.
1) air enters the nostril 2) passes through the nasapharynx 3) the oral pharynx 4) through the glottis 5) into the trachea 6) into the right and left bronchi 7) bronchioles 8) alveoli
the functions of the respiratory system include which of the following? 1) bringing air containing oxygen into the body, 2) releasing carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, 3) exchanging oxygen with carbon dioxide in blood cells, 4) transporting oxygen to cells throughout the body.
1, 2, and 3
which of the following are structural features of the trachea?
C- shaped cartilage
gas exchange occurs
in the alveoli of the lungs, between the peripheral capillaries and body cells.
____________________ is a statement of the principle that a specific gas type in a mixture exerts its own pressure, as if that specific gas type was not part of a mixture of gases.
Dalton's
__________________ is a statement of the principle that the concentration of gas in a liquid is directly proportional to the solubility and partial pressure of that gas.
Henry's
inhaling is an active movement that results from the contraction of a muscle called the ___________________
diaphram
oxygen _______________ from the peripheral capillaries into body cells
diffuses
which of the following stimulates the production of erythrocytes?
erythropoietin
what is the main function of the lungs?
exchange oxygen and CO2
which of the following structures separates the lung into lobes?
fissure
a low partial pressure of oxygen promotes hemoglobin binding to carbon dioxide. this is an example of _________________________
haldane effect
the _______________ pumps oxygen rich blood into arteries.
heart
oxyhemoglobin forms by a chemical reaction between which of the following?
hemoglobin and oxygen
how does altitude affect hemoglobin saturation?
hemoglobin saturation is lower at high altitudes
Gas moves from an area of ________ partial pressure to an area of ________ partial pressure.
high; low
the partial pressure of carbon dioxide is 45 mm hg in the blood and 40 mm hg in the alveoli. What happens to the carbon dioxide?
it diffuses into the alveoli
the _______________ is also know as the voice box
larynx
asthma is a disease in which the air passages of the ______________ become narrow, often with excessive mucus production.
lungs
describe what it meant by the term "lung compliance"
measure of lungs ability to stretch and expand
the fauces connects which of the following structures to the oropharynx?
oral cavity
gas exchange is needed to provide cells with the ________________ they need for cellular respiration.
oxygen
_________________ is a disease in which some of the alveoli of the lungs fill with fluid so gas exchange can't occur.
pneumonia
describe how pulmonary gas exchange occurs.
process of removing CO2 from blood and replenishing oxygen supply. Occurs between alveoli and the blood and lungs
_____________________ gas exchange is the exchange of gases between inhaled air and the blood.
pulmonary
which of the following processes does atmospheric pressure play a role in?
pulmonary ventilation
an erythrocyte is also called a _______________________
red blood cell
which of the following prevents the alveoli from collapsing?
residual volume
Gas flow decreases as ________ increases.
resistance
the _____________ circulation picks up oxygen for cellular use and drops off carbon dioxide for removal from the body.
respiratory
Exercise can trigger symptoms of AMS due to which of the following?
small venous reserve of oxygen
emphysema is usually caused by ___________________ and is irreversible.
smoking
which of the following structures is not part of the bronchial tree?
terminal bronchioles
respiratory system
the body system that brings air containing oxygen into the body and releases carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.
When ventilation is not sufficient, which of the following occurs?
the capillary constricts
Respiration
the exchange of gases between the body and the outside air.
ventilation involves which organs?
the lungs, larynx, pharynx, and trachea
cellular respiration
the metabolic process by which cells obtain enery
Lungs
the organs in which gas exchange takes place between blood and air
Ventilation
the process of moving air in and out of the lungs
contraction of the external intercostal muscles causes which of the following to occur?
the ribs and sternum move upward
the pressure difference between the intra-alveolar and intrapleural pressures is called?
transpulmonary pressure
respiration begins with _______________
ventilation
the four steps of respiration are?
ventilation, pulmonary gas exchange, gas transport, peripheral gas exchange.
respiration begins with
ventilation, the process of moving air in and out of the lungs.
the pleura that surrounds the lungs consists of two layers, the ____________
visceral and parietal pleurae
Larynx
voice box
Trachea
windpipe
