Anatomy251 Test 1

red blood cells

99.9% of formed elements is?

Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn

A condition in which there is an incompatibility between the Rh types of the mother and the fetus -Less commonly may happen with incompatible blood types between mother and fetus

septicemia

A condition where pathogens are present and multiplying in the blood is called septicemia. viremia. bacteremia. anemia. hemophilia.

presence of specific glycoproteins on the cell membrane.

A person's blood type is determined largely by the size of the RBCs. shape of the RBCs. volume of the RBCs. presence of specific glycoproteins on the cell membrane. chemical character of the hemoglobin.

fibrinogen

A plasma protein essential for blood coagulation is

myeloid leukemia

All of the following blood disorders are due to specific issues with RBCs except iron deficiency anemia. malaria. thalassemia. pernicious anemia. myeloid leukemia.

polycythemia

An elevated hematocrit value is termed?

All of the above

An example of a heritable blood disorder is hemophilia. sickle cell anemia. thalassemia. All of the answers are correct. None of the answers is correct.

hyperchromic

An increased mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration is termed

neutrophils

During a bacterial infection you would expect to see increased numbers of neutrophils. eosinophils. basophils. thrombocytes. reticulocytes.

viscosity about the same as water

Each of the following is a characteristic of whole blood except deep red color. viscosity about the same as water. the ability to absorb heat from active skeletal muscles. the ability to neutralize acids. a built-in system for clotting.

diminished erythropoiesis, infection, anemia, clotting disorders

Hematology can detect what 4 things?

erythroblastosis fetalis

Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn is also known as

an Rh-negative mother carries an Rh-positive fetus.

Hemolytic disease of the newborn may result if the mother is Rh positive and the father is Rh negative. both the father and the mother are Rh positive. an Rh-negative mother carries an Rh-positive fetus. an Rh-positive mother carries an Rh-negative fetus. both the father and the mother are Rh negative.

All of the above

The yellow color that is visible in the eyes and skin in jaundice results from destruction of hemoglobin. excessive amounts of bilirubin in the plasma. extensive breakdown of RBCs. All of the answers are correct. None of the answers is correct.

False

True or False: Even though RBCs cannot repair themselves their life expectancy is still well over 120 days

True

True or False: blood is a slightly higher temperature than our blood temperature.

-O

Type O+ blood cannot be given to a type _______ recipient.

1.) transport of gases, nutrients, hormones and metabolic wastes. 2.) transport of body heat and stabilizes temperature because it absorbs the heat generates by skeletal muscles. 3.) defense against toxins and pathogens (white blood cells fight off infection). 4.) regulates the pH and Ion composition of interstitial fluids by diffusion. 5.) restrict fluid loss at injury sight.

What are some functions of blood?

carry oxygen

What is the function of hemoglobin?

carry oxygen from the lungs to the body's cells

What is the function of red blood cells?

hyperchromic

What term is associated with elevated values of mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentrations (MCH)?

pernicious anemia

Which blood disorder involves a deficiency of Vitamin B12? malaria leukemia pernicious anemia sickle cell anemia

type O

Which blood type consists of plasma containing both anti-A and anti-B antibodies?

Type B

Which blood type contains RBCs with surface antigen B only and plasma that contains only anti-A antibodies? type B type A type AB type O

It is a plasma protein.

Which of the following is incorrect about hemoglobin? Normally, each red blood cell contains about 280 million molecules of hemoglobin molecules. It is associated with the transport of respiratory gases. It has a complex quaternary structure. It is a plasma protein.

generates body temperature

Which of the following is not a function of the blood? generates body temperature regulates the pH and ion concentrations of interstitial fluids transports nutrients to the tissues restricts fluid losses at injury sites

basophil

Which of the following is not a phagocytic cell? neutrophil eosinophil monocytes basophil

fibrinous

Which of the following is not one of the three phases of hemostasis? fibrinous vascular coagulation platelet

thalassemias

Which of the following is/are (a) congenital blood disorder(s)? thalassemias iron-deficiency anemia septicemia leukemias

fibrinogen

Which of the plasma proteins or blood components function in clotting and normally accounts for roughly 4 percent of plasma proteins?

liver

Which organ secretes most of the plasma proteins?

neutrophils

Which white blood cell population is found in the highest abundance and has lobed nuclei resembling a string of beads? basophils neutrophils lymphocytes eosinophils

plasma, formed elements

Whole blood contains about 55% ____ and about 45% ______.

Hemoglobin molecules

________ transport(s) oxygen and CO2 in the RBCs.

bilirubin

a pigment that is the byproduct of hemoglobin catabolism

Heme

a porphyrin ring containing a central ion atom that can reversibly bind oxygen molecules; a component of hemaglobin

Hemoglobin

a protein composed of four globular subunits, each bound to a heme molecule; gives red blood cells the ability to transport oxygen in the blood

rouleaux

a stack of red blood cells

hematuria

abnormal presence of RBCs in urine

Monocytes

agranular leukocytes, which are very large cells with kidney bean-shaped nuclei and abundant cytoplasm.

hematopoietic stem cells

are self-renewing, multipotent stem cells found red bone marrow in adults, divide into two types: lymphoid and myeloid

antigens

are substances that can trigger a protective defense mechanism called an immune response

anucleate

because mature RBCs lack nuclei, a condition called ______, and also a lack of ribosomes, they cannot divide or synthesize structural proteins or enzymes

transport globulins

bind small ions, hormones, lipids, and other compounds

dyscrasias

blood disorders

arteries

carry blood away from heart to capillaries

no nucleus, no reproduction, no mitochondria, no ribosomes, contain hemoglobin

characteristics of mature red blood cells

proerythroblasts

day 1 in bone marrow

basophilic erythroblasts

day 2 in bone marrow

normoblast

day 4

complete blood count (CBC)

determines the RBC count, WBC count, erythrocyte indices (such as hemoglobin content), and platelet count per cubic millimeter of blood

biliverdin

each heme unit is stripped of its iron and converted to _____, an organic compound with a green color

erythropoiesis

formation of new red blood cells in the red bone marrow

organic nutrients

help in ATP production, cell maintenance, growth

oxyhemoglobin

heme interacting with oxygen

deoxyhemoglobin

heme not bound to oxygen

urobilins, stercobilins

in the large intestine, bilirubin converts to ____ and _____

Coagulation

involves a cascade of reactions leading to the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin.

transferrin

iron binds to this plasma protein

white blood cells

leukocytes, helps with the body's defense mechanism

globulins

make up about 35% of plasma proteins, two types

albumins

makes up about 60% of plasma proteins, contributors the osmotic pressure of plasma

red blood cells

most abundant blood cells, are essential for oxygen transport in the blood

reticulocyte

nucleus is lost and cell leaves bone marrow

capillaries

permit diffusion between blood and interstitial fluids

myeloid

red bone marrow (_____ tissue)

veins

return blood from the capillaries to the heart

hemolyze

rupture

hemolysis

rupture of RBCs in bloodstream

platelets

small membrane-bound cell fragments important for clotting, adhere to collagen beneath endothelium

hematology

study of blood, blood forming tissue, and blood disorders

agglutination

the aggression of red blood cells due to interactions between surface antigens and plasma antibodies

surface antigens

the plasma membrane of your cells contains _____, substances your immune system recognizes as "normal" or "self"

hematopoiesis

the process in which formed elements develop in red marrow

cross-reaction

very dangerous, clumps and fragments of RBCs can plug up small blood vessels in the kidney

organic wastes

wastes are carried to sites for breakdown

hemoglobinuria

when abnormally large amounts of RBCs breakdown in the bloodstream, urine may turn red or brown

jaundice

yellowish discoloration of the skin and eyes caused by bile ducts being blocked

It destroys fetal RBCs that enter the maternal circulation.

How does a treatment with RhoGAM prevent hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN)? It destroys fetal RBCs that enter the maternal circulation. It destroys fetal anti-Rh antibodies. It destroys maternal RBCs that enter the fetal circulation. It destroys maternal anti-Rh antibodies. It prevents maternal anti-Rh antibodies from crossing the placenta.

more bilirubin appears in the plasma, and bilirubin appears in the skin and eyes.

If bile ducts are blocked, more hemolysis takes place. bilirubin appears in the skin and eyes. more bilirubin appears in the plasma. more bilirubin appears in the plasma, and bilirubin appears in the skin and eyes. All of the answers are correct.

there is no reaction between antibodies and antigens.

If the blood types of a donor and recipient are compatible, then the donor's antigens bind with the recipient's antibodies. the donor's antigens bind with the recipient's antigens. there is no reaction between antibodies and antigens. the donor's antibodies bind with the recipient's antibodies. the donor's antibodies bind with the recipient's antigens.

immunoglobulin

Plasma proteins essential in body defense by attacking pathogens are?

the mother's immune system producing antibodies against the fetus' RBCs.

Sensitization during hemolytic disease of the newborn refers to the fetal immune system producing antibodies against the fetus' RBCs. the mother's immune system producing antibodies against the fetus' RBCs. the mother's immune system producing antibodies against the mother's RBCs. spontaneous miscarriage of a woman's first baby due to blood incompatibilities. the fetal immune system producing antibodies against the mother's RBCs

hemorrhage

Some rat poisons contain a toxin that blocks the liver's ability to utilize vitamin K. Animals that consume this poison would die of starvation. hemorrhage. anemia. thrombocytopenia. acidosis.

whole blood

The combination of plasma and formed elements is called?

Thrombin

The conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin is catalyzed by factor VIII. fibrinogen-converting enzyme. prothrombin activator. plasmin. thrombin.

Rh-; Rh+

The most common form of hemolytic disease of the newborn happens after an ___ woman has carried an __ fetus.

hematocrit

The percent fraction of formed elements relative to whole blood is the?

erythropoiesis

The process of red blood cell production is called erythropenia. erythropoiesis. erythrocytosis. hemocytosis. hematopenia.

5 to 6

The total volume of blood in the body of an adult male is approximately ________ liters.