Ancient Egypt

cuneiform

A form of writing developed by the Sumerians using a wedge shaped stylus and clay tablets.

delta

A landform made of sediment that is deposited where a river flows into an ocean or lake

Luxor Temple

A large Ancient Egyptian temple complex located on the east bank of the Nile River in the city today known as Luxor (ancient Thebes) and was founded in 1400 BCE. Known in the Egyptian language as ipet resyt, or "the southern sanctuary". In Luxor there are six great temples, the four on the left bank are known to travellers and readers of travels as Goornah, Deir-el-Bahri, the Ramesseum, and Medinet Habu; and the two temples on the right bank are known as the Karnak and Luxor.

sarcophagus

A stone coffin

Abu Simbel

A temple made by Rameses II, it at first only worshipped existing Gods but later on in his reign it also showed the King as a god. The smaller temple at Abu Simbel extends the deification to Queen Nefertari, who was identified there as the goddess Hathor. It's popular fame derives from its facade with its four 69-feet high statues of the seated king. At his feet stand much smaller statues of his mother muttuya, his Queen Nefertari, and several sons and daughters, still larger than life in size. Importance can be found in the fact that any ship that sailed past this point on the Nile could not fail to see these grand monuments. Also his children were shown there irrespective of wife, which is rare. Oriented so sun rays entered doors only 2 days of the year.

Nefertiti

AMARNA. New Kingdom Egypt Dynasty 18. 1353-1336 BCE. Limestone. Possibly created by Thutmose as it was found in his workshop (Wife of Akhenaten, very realistic/soft features)

Alexandria, Egypt

Alexandria is a Mediterranean port city in Egypt. During the Hellenistic period, it was home to a lighthouse ranking among the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World as well as a storied library. Today the library is reincarnated in the disc-shaped,

Kush

An African state that developed along the upper reaches of the Nile c. 100 B.C.E.; conquered Egypt and ruled it for several centuries.

hieroglyphics

An ancient Egyptian writing system in which pictures were used to represent ideas and sounds

Valley of the Kings

An area were many tombs where built after the great pyramids because it allowed for easier guarding and less grave robbery.

Sneferu

Built the bent pyramid. Built the red pyramid.

Djoser

Built the step pyramid

Cairo, Egypt

Cairo, Egypt's sprawling capital, is set on the Nile River. At its heart is Tahrir Square and the vast Egyptian Museum, a trove of antiquities including royal mummies and gilded King Tutankhamun artifacts. Nearby, Giza is the site of the iconic pyramids and Great Sphinx, dating to the 26th century BC. In Gezira Island's leafy Zamalek district, 187m Cairo Tower affords panoramic city views.

Bastet

Cat goddess. The goddess of fire, cats, of the home and pregnant women.

Cleopatra VII

Cleopatra VII was the Egyptian Queen who developed an alliance between Marc Anthony. Cleopatra VII fought in the Battle of Actium in 31 B.C.E. along side Marc Anthony. Their army and navy was destroyed Octavian. Antony and Cleopatra both fled to Egypt and committed suicide a year later in 30 B.C.E.

Geb

Egyptian god of the Earth; brother and husband of Nut; one of the first Beings of Creation.

Osiris

Egyptian god of the underworld and judge of the dead

Isis

Egyptian goddess of fertility

Akhenaten

Egyptian pharaoh (r. 1353-1335 B.C.E.). He built a new capital at Amarna, fostered a new style of naturalistic art, and created a religious revolution by imposing worship of the sun-disk.

Khufu

Egyptian pharaoh who built the great pyramid

Ra

Energy that is radiated or transmitted in the form of rays or waves or particles.

Anubis

God of mummification

Amun

God of the air

Alexander the Great

He and his father defeated and united the weakened Greek city-states and he defeated the Persian Empire in 330 BCE thus spreading Greek culture and influence throughout Western Asia.

Africa

In the 16th century, warfare between states/groups in _______ for the purposes of capturing new slaves to be taken to the Atlantic market increased dramatically. Africa

Egypt

In the early 19th century, the Ottoman Empire lost this North African country which had been part of it's empire.

Ramessess II

Longest reigning king in Egypt during the 19th dynasty and was one of the last great warrior pharaohs that increased the size of Egypt 3-5 times

Luxor, Egypt

Luxor is a city on the east bank of the Nile River in southern Egypt. It's on the site of ancient Thebes, the pharaohs' capital at the height of their power, during the 16th-11th centuries B.C.

shabti

Magical statues wrapped up in the mummy and used to do special jobs for the mummified.

Nubia

Nubia is a region along the Nile river located in what is today northern Sudan and southern Egypt. It was one of the earliest civilizations of ancient Africa,

Seth

Osiris evil brother, cut Osiris up into 14 pieces and tossed them into the nile river

Hatshepsut

Queen of Egypt (1473-1458 B.C.E.). Dispatched a naval expedition down the Red Sea to Punt (possibly Somalia), the faraway source of myrrh. There is evidence of opposition to a woman as ruler, and after her death her name was frequently expunged.

Thutmose III

Stepson of Hatshepsut; considered a great pharaoh of the New Kingdom of Egypt

The Nile River

The Nile is a major north-flowing river in northeastern Africa. It is generally regarded as the longest river in the world,

polytheism

The belief in many gods

canonic jars

The place where a mummified body's organs were stored

Nut

The process by which your body takes in and uses food

Pyramids of Giza

The three pyramids near Giza that were Built by Khufu, Cheops, and Cheops' son. Their the oldest and largest of the three pyramids in the Giza Necropolis bordering what is now Cairo, Egypt, and is the only one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World

Thebes, Egypt

Thebes, known to the ancient Egyptians as Waset, was an ancient Egyptian city located east of the Nile about 800 kilometers south of the Mediterranean. Its ruins lie within the modern Egyptian city of Luxor.

Ma'at

This was the name for the "Ideal of Perfect Harmony"

embalming

Treating with preservatives to prevent decay

maat

What is the term for what the Egyptians considered to be "The ideal of perfect harmony"?

vizier

a high government official in ancient Egypt or in Muslim countries

Rosetta Stone

a huge stone slab inscribed with hieroglyphics, Greek, and a later form of Egyptian that allowed historians to understand Egyptian writing.

pharoah

a king of ancient Egypt, considered a god as well as a political leader

mummification

embalmment and drying a dead body and wrapping it as a mummy

Horus

god of the sky

Hathor

goddess of childbirth

Namer

he lead his armies and took control of lower Egypt.

Tukankhamum

king tut is the most famous and instantly recognizable Pharaoh in the modern world. His golden sarcophagus is now a symbol almost synonymous with Egypt. His name means `living image

cataracts

rapids along a river, such as those along the Nile in Egypt

the Book of the Dead

served as a guide to the afterlife for dead souls