Ancient Greece

What problem did ancient Greek communities try to solve by starting colonies?

A shortage of farmland

Complete this statement for a Tyranny: I lost power because...

Because sometimes ruled harshly and ignored the need of people.

Under a monarchy, the power to make political decisions is in the hands of (1) ________________________, usually called a (2)________________________ .

One person, usually called a monarch, or a king

Provide three details to explain how Spartans educated their children.

Boys and girls received military training from the age of 7. Boys lived in trained barracks. Boys were taught to be brave soldiers by learning how to suffer physical pain without complaining. At the age of about 20, Spartan men were given a test of fitness, military ability, and leadership skills. If they passed, they became soldiers, if they didn't... they became slaves.

Who belonged to the councils of aristocrats?

Rich men who had land from their families.

What made farming in ancient Greece especially difficult?

Rocky soil

How did most kings in ancient Greece come to power?

They inherited it by a relative.

What was the primary reason why the ancient Greeks started colonies?

They needed more farmland to raise enough crops to feed their people.

Why were the ancient Greek communities isolated from each other?

They were isolated by mountains, which made it difficult to travel and communicate with each other.

Under an oligarchy, the power to make political decisions is in the hands of (1)________________________, usually called a (2)________________________ .

a few people. aristocrats

At the start of the Persian Wars, why did it seem likely that Persia would win? Give 4 reasons

-The Persians grew a large army by conquering its neighbors. -They were stronger archers than their opponents. -The opponents couldn't get close enough with their spears. -They stole the harbors and land of the Ionians and made them pay tribute.

Identify two or more challenges merchant ships faced.

-The ships were built to carry large amounts of goods, not for speed. -Journeys were long, and a 1-way trip from the mainland of Greece could take 2 months. -Navigation was difficult without a compass, map or chart!

Describe the actions that the ancient Greeks were likely to take when starting a new colony.

A) They consulted an oracle to see if their efforts would be successful. b)They gathered food and supplies, took a flame from the town's sacred fire, and began their long sea voyages. c) After finding a safe place with good farming and harbors, they built a colony.

List 3 or more reasons travel was challenging in ancient Greece.

A)Travel by land was hard because roads weren't paved. b)People had to bring their own food, water, and supplies with them. c) Sudden storms might send ships off course or sink them.

Briefly describe Athens's location.

Athen was located in central Greece, only four miles from the Aegean Sea

Provide three or more details to explain how Athenians got the goods they needed for everyday life.

Athenians traded with other city-states and with several foreign lands to get the goods and resources they needed. Athenians bought and sold goos at a huge marketplace called the agora. Athenians developed their own metal coins to make trade easier.

Provide three details to explain how Athenians educate their children.

Boys were taught at home until about 6 or 7, and then went to school until age 14. They learned reading, writing, arithmetic, literature, sports, and music. Girls did not learn to read or write. Instead they learned by helping their mothers with household tasks, such as cooking, cleaning,

Give an example of a myth or fable, and explain the lesson involved. 4 sentences, please!

Daedalus teaches his son to make wings to fly. The wings are made of wax. Icarus is warned not to fly too high or close to the Sun. He does. Imagine what happens!

Write three or more details to explain why Athens was called a democracy.

Every citizen (free males over 18 and born in Athens) could take part in the city's government. A group of 500 citizens were chosen to be on the Council of 500 that ran the day-to-day business of the government. Every citizen belonged to the Assembly, which met every ten days to debate and vote on laws.

What goods from the Greek mainland were traded? What goods did the Greeks get in exchange?

Greeks traded olive oil and pottery. they traded for grain, timber, and metal.

Why was Socrates arrested?

He asked questions that seemed to dishonor the gods.

Complete this statement for a Monarch: I lost power because...

I lost power because I depended heavily on the aristocrats to help me during wartime. They grew stronger ad a group, demanded more of my power and finally overthrew me.

Complete this statement for a Tyranny: I ruled by...

I ruled by force, though I was not always unpopular. I promised people more rights and made changes to help the poor.

Complete this statement for a Monarch: As a Monarch, I ruled by...

Making laws acting as judges conducting religious ceremonies, and leading a army. I punished people who disobeyed the law or didn't pay their taxes. I had a council of aristocrats to advise me.

Finish this sentence - One of the greatest achievements of Greek sculptors was....

Making lifelike statues in natural poses.

In a tyranny, what allowed the leader to rule?

Military force

Which form of government in a Greek city-state usually came first?

Monarchy

Complete this statement for a democracy: Not all Greeks thought democracy was a good idea because...

Not all Greek thought democracy was a good idea because powerful speakers sometimes persuaded ordinary citizens to cote unwisely. Often, an assembly reversed important decisions after just a few weeks. Most city-states returned to earlier forms of government, such as tyrannies (dictatorships) or oligarchies.

Briefly describe Sparta's location.

Sparta was located on a narrow plain in the part of Greece known as the Peloponnesus: it was surrounded on three sides by mountain ranges, and was about 25 miles from the sea.

Compare and contrast Sparta and Athens. Offer at least 4 specific things.

Sparta was more isolated by mountains on three sides. Their closest harbor was 25 miles away. They were suspicious of outsiders. They had good farming. Their army stole what they couldn't grow. Taught sons and daughters to fight and were proud to produce brave and tough soldiers. Athens was in central Greece. They were interested in sharing ideas by traveling, and this caused strong relations with other lands. They grew powerful through trade. They had a great navy fleet. They had many great artists and philosophers.

Provide three details to explain how Spartans got the goods they needed for everyday life.

Spartans relied on faming and on conquering other people to get what they needed. Slaves and noncitizen grew food and made goods, while Spartan men served as soldiers. Sparta did conduct some trade, but discouraged trade, in general. Its system of money (heavy iron bars) was difficult to use.

Why were myths and fables told in Ancient Greece? Give 2 reasons

Stories about the gods and goddesses gave people hope and lessons to be learned. The Greeks would ask the gods/goddesses for specific things. Ex) Poseidon for good fishing.

Why did King Darius ask for presents of Greek earth and water?

Such gifts would mean that Greeks accepted Persian rule.

What was the outcome of the Ionian Revolt?

The Persian army punished the Ionians.

In four sentences, retell the Battle of Thermopylae.

The Persians defeated the Spartans. Persians would go through a narrow passage between the mountains and the sea. Leonidas and Spartans held the Persian back, but a Greek traitor showed them where a secret path to surround the Greeks with. 300 Spartans perished in this path, and Persia advanced on Athens.

Challenge to Greek Farmers: How farmers met these challenges

The land in Greece is mountainous. The land was rocky and the water was scarce. The rainy season was during the winter months and there was no major rivers in Greece. They built wide earth steps into the hills to create more flat land for farming. Most farmers grew crops like grapes and olives, which need less land. Farmers planted hillside orchards of fruit and nut trees.

Provide three details to explain why Sparta was called an oligarchy.

The ruling power of Sparta was in the hands of a few people who were called the Council of Elders. The Council of Elders consisted of men who were at least 60 years old, from the noble families, and elected to lifetime terms. The Assembly in Sparta had very little power and did not debate issues.

What makes much of Greece a peninsula?

The water on 3 sides

Offer 4 examples of what the Ancient Greeks have contributed to in today's World.

Theater, Olympics, Sculpture, and Architecture.

How were the Greeks able to finally defeat the Persian Empire? Give 2 reasons

Themistocles knew they had a weak navy, so he led them to a narrow channel. The Greeks faked a surrender, surrounding the Persians by sea and land.

When did the Greeks establish colonies? Where were the colonies located?

They established colonies over a period of 300 years, from 1000 to 650 BCE. Colonies were located in Asia Minor (Turkey), Spain, France, Italy, Africa, and all along the coast of the Black Sea.

Why did some Greek settlements fight with each other?

They fought each other over the shortage of good land for food.

How did the Greek mountains affect communication?

They isolated communities

Where did the ancient Greeks mostly settle?

They settled on the coast near the seas.

Why was Mount Olympus important to the Greeks?

They thought the gods lived there.

Why did some ancient Greek settlements trade?

To get the goods they needed

Why was the Parthenon built?

To honor the goddess Athena.

Why did the Greeks agree every four years to stop fighting for a brief period? Give two reasons.

To let athletes go to training. This allowed them to prepare for the Olympics.

Under a democracy, the power to make political decisions is in the hands of (1)________________________, usually called a (2)________________________ .

Under a democracy, the power to make political decisions is in the hands of all people with a vote, called citizens.

Under a tyranny, the power to make political decisions is in the hands of (1)________________________, usually called a (2)_______________________ .

Under a tyranny, the power to make political decisions is in the hands of one person who is not a lawful king, called a tyrant.

Complete this statement for an Oligarchy: We lost power because...

We lost power b/c we ignored the needs of the majority of the people. We passed unpopular laws and used the army to enforce them. The rich got richer and the poor got poorer. Eventually, the poor turned to leader in the army. These new leaders overthrew us.

Complete this statement for a democracy: We ruled by...

We ruled by having an assembly, Any free man could speak at an assembly and vote on a new law or a proposal to go to war. Free men also ran the city's day-to-day business.

Complete this statement for an Oligarchy: We ruled by...

passing laws that protected and increased our own wealth we lived comfortable lives, while the poor worked all day in the fields.

Provide three details to explain how women and slaves were treated in Athens.

Women and slaves were not citizens and had far fewer rights than free men would. A few women had jobs, but most women managed the household and raised children. Slaves performed a variety of jobs, some of them highly skilled. Some slaves worked under harsh conditions in the silver mines.

Provide three details to explain how women and slaves were treated in Sparta.

Women lived the same simple life as men but had many more rights than other Greek women had. There were more places (also called helots) in Sparta than there were citizens. Helots were treated very harshly because the Spartans were afraid the slaves would revolt. Helots had some rights, such as buying their freedom if the saved enough money.