Ancient Greeks
Describe the process of founding colonies. What was the extent of Greek colonization during this period?
A Greek city would sponsor the founding of a colony, then ask the Delphi where it should be, and then send only men to build the colony and mate with local women in the new colony.
Describe Athenian democracy.
Athenian democracy serves as the foundation for modern democracy.
Describe early Athenian government and the gradual shift toward oligarchy (by rule of the archons)/Outline Solon's reforms and organization of society.
Athenian government in the early stages consisted of one king, slowly moved to multiple "Aragon's", before finally being modernized by Solon who organized society based on income, and repealed strict laws.
Describe civic life and the importance of community in ancient Greece.
Civic life/community was very important in Ancient Greece, as it helped fuel discussion, and it was the commonplace.
How did Cleisthenes restructure Attica's citizens to promote unity?
Cleisthenes separated Attica's citizens into tribes into order to facilitate unity.
Describe how the culture is changing ~800 BC in Greece.
Culture (around 800BC) was changing the the form of a revival of pottery, more trade, a new thriving Attica, new colonization, the revival of writing, and a new language.
Describe what we know about the daily life of Mycenaeans.
Daily life for the Mycenaeans consists of boating, chariots, fighting, and is depicted through signet rings.
What was daily life like in Archaic Greece?
Daily life in Archaic Greece consisted mainly of agriculture, most ate fish and grains, and women had few rights.
What forms of art were most practiced? How did this foster a sense of community and help in battle?
Dancing and communal singing were practiced. This helped build coordination for battle, and bring people close together.
Describe early coins. Where were coins first minted?
Early coins were first minted in 700 BC, and we're a mixture of gold and silver; each city state has their own set. These coins had the patron god/goddess on one side, and the emblem on the other.
Describe Greek values and how they influenced cultural life.
Greek values centered around "Arete", which were the manly qualities. Strength was heavily valued. Greek culture revolved around the desire to live these qualities, and get recognized by others.
What was the role of helots? Explain how Spartans were dependent on them.
Helots, the slaves of Sparta, functioned as the cities laborers. Spartans were almost solely dependent on them for food.
Weigh the supporting and contradictory evidence pertaining to the Trojan War. What is your opinion and why? (be sure to use supporting evidence!)
I believe the Trojan war was largely accurate to Homer's description. I believe this is true die t the level of detail described that is correct (angled walls, lvl 6, described a weak spot, and he described correct Bronze Age armor, weapons)
What was life like in Sparta?
Life in Sparta was full of full-scale devotion to the government and military.
Describe religion in Sparta? What was different than other Greek states?
Religion in Sparta was large similar to other Hellenistic religions, but was a larger fear for the Gods.
What was problematic about Schliemann's excavations at Troy?
Schliemann's excavations were careless and were largely undocumented. They took a lot of artifacts out of context.
What made Sparta different from other city-states?
Sparta was set apart from the other its states in their full scale devotion to the military, and their heightened treatment of women.
Who are the Dorians?
The Dorians were invaders from Germany, settled in the Peloponnese
Who are the Ionians?
The Ionians were a farming ground who settled on the Attica peninsula, and in Ionia.
How did Minoan civilization end?
The Minoan civilization ended when the Mycenaeans invaded.
What were some early advancements of the Minoans?
The Minoans created glass window panes, elaborate drainage systems, and pipes to get people water
How/why did Mycenaean Civilization end?
The Mycenaean Civilization ended with a Dorian invasion from the North.
In what ways did Mycenaean culture influence later Greeks?
The Mycenaean culture influenced later Greek through their religion
How did the Mycenaeans unite Greece?
The Mycenaeans united Greece by invading the Greek peninsula
What role did the Oracle of Delphi have in colonization?
The Oracle of Delphi told the future colonists where to go.
Why were the Pan-Hellenic games held?
The Pan-Hellenic games were held to honor the Gods.
What new practices were used in the Spartan military?
The Spartan military wore a uniform and was split into different battalions.
What is the significance of the Ulu Burun Shipwreck?
The Ulu Burun shipwreck showed the extent of the trade network
Why is Mycenae considered a "type site"? Who gave the Mycenaeans their name?
The entire civilization gets its name from the city, Heinrich Schliemann gave the the name.
When was the first Olympics held? In what way was it a uniting force?
The first Olympics were held in 776 BC; it was a uniting force in the sense that it brought warring peoples together for peaceful, healthy competition.
Describe the government of Sparta.
The government in Sparta was focused on the military.
Where do we get our information about Minoan culture?
The majority of our information about Minoan culture comes from archaeology, not writing.
Why is the palace at Knossos significant?
The palace at Knossos is significant as it represents the model used for all palaces on Crete.
What is significant about the shaft graves that Schliemann excavated at Mycenae?
The shaft graves gave us an idea of life in ancient times
How were winners of the games honored?
The winners of the games were honored with an olive wreath, lifelong glory, a storage jar full of oil, and room and board for the rest of your life.
What are some reasons for the decline in culture? What were the results?
Thee decline occurred possibly due to the Sea Peoples, and possibly due to natural disasters (or drought).
Why are they called "Minoans"?
They are called the Minoans because of King Minos
What activity in particular do we know the Minoans enjoyed? How does this relate to the myth of the Minotaur?
They enjoyed bull fighting, which relates to the main character of the Minotaur.
In what ways is the palace different from Minoan palaces?
This palace is different from Minoan palaces as they were dark, closed, damp, and smoky.
Why is this period called a "Dark Age"?
This period is called a "Dark Age" because of the utter destruction of this period.
Describe how women's lives/rights were different in Sparta than other Greek states.
Women in Sparta had much more freedom than in other Greek states, and were often treated as equals.
Who was considered a citizen in Athens?
You must be an Athenian Born man to be a citizen in Athens.