ancient Greeks
What was the Minoan capital?
Knossos
What culture region was an ally of Sparta?
Macedonia
What seas did trade routes link Greece with its colonies?
Mediterranean Sea, Aegean Sea, and Black Sea
What was the most important contribution the ancient Greeks made to civilization?
democracy
How many important Athenian victories were there?
four
monarchy
having the ruling power in the hands of one person, usually a king
public
having to do with government; having to do with people
agora
marketplace in ancient Greece
How many important Spartan victories were there?
seven
Why did tyrannts lose power?
sometimes they ruled harshly and ignored the needs of the people, and the people forced them out.
Mount Olympus
tall mountain in the north of Greece
How long was the Trojan War?
ten-year war with Troy.
Minoans
the first people to develop a civilization in the area living on the island of Crete. they enjoyed life and their civilization vanished due to natural disasters.
Peloponnesus
the peninsula forming the southern part of the mainland of Greece
When did the Minoan civilization come?
they came before the Mycenean civilization.
Why didn't Sparta built a protective wall around their city?
they thought their military skill would protect them
Mycenaeans
they were influenced by Minoans . they were more warlike and they had a centralized government. the king would be strong and have more power. The Trojan war would have happened during this period of time. they spread civilization through trade networks.
Did all city-states have the same form of government?
no
Was ancient Greece a country?
no
What was a valuable trade good produced by ancient Greeks?
olive oil
Where did the Minoans live?
on the island of Crete.
oligarch
one of several people who rule a country or empire together, sharing the power
What was one method of transportation used by the Persians to invade Greece?
traveling by ship
How many years did the Peloponnesian war last?
tweny-seven years
King Darius and King Xerxes
two Persian kings
direct democracy
when every citizen can vote on every issue
oligarchy
when he ruling power is in the hands of a few people
representitive democracy
when people vote for representitives who decide issues in their name
tyranny
when the ruling power is in the hands of a person who seizes the power illegally
Did all Greek city-states have the same language and religion?
yes
Were Athens and Sparta the two most powerful city-states?
yes
What three events helped Sparta win the war with Athens?
Athen's allies switched to Sparta's side, the Persian Empire provided aid to Sparta, Spart blockaded Athens.
Who did Persia plan to attack by sea?
Athens
Who won the battle of Marathon?
Athens
Why did the Greeks start colonies?
Greek communities started colonies because they needed more farmland to feed their people.
Why did Greek settlements often fight with one another?
Greek settlements often fought with each other because there was a shortage of land.
Why did some Greek settlements trade?
Greeks traded to get goods they needed.
What were three ways Sparta was different from other people in Greece.
1 discouraged trade 2 feared new ideas 3 didn't believe in art and architecture
What year did the Peloponnesian war end?
404 B.C.
When did the Peloponnesian War begin?
431 B.C.
At what age did Spartan boys begin training to be soldiers?
7
What were some important events in a Spartan man's life?
7- trained to fight 20- became citizen 30- married 60- returned to family
Who were destroyed by invasions?
Both the Minoan and Mycenaean peoples were destroyed by invasions.
Who were expert sailors?
Both the Mycenaean and Minoan people
What continents were Greek and Phoenician lands located on?
Europe, Asia, and Africa
What products did they Greek mainland trade? What products did the Greeks get in exchange?
Olive oil, pottery, and wine from the Greek mainland were traded. In exchange, the Greeks got grain, timber, and metal.
Why was the Greek victory so suprising?
Persia had built a huge empire by conquering lands and Greece was relatively small.
What happened 146 B.C.?
Romans conquer Greeks.
What happened 509-508 B.C.?
Rome becomes a republic and a democracy begins in Athens.
What was a small city near Athens whe re the Athenians defeated the Persian fleet?
Salamis
What islands did both Greece and Phoenicia control
Sicily and Cyprus
Who was Solon?
Solon helped create democracy in Athens around 594 B.C.
Who started the war?
Sparta
When and where did the Minoan civilization develop?
The Minoan civilization developed in 3000 B.C. on the island of Crete.
Who were great artisans?
The Minoan people
Who were fierce warriors?
The Mycenaean people
What tall mountain stands in the north of Greece?
The tall mountain in the north of Greece is Mount Olmpus.
What was a narrow pass where the Persians defeated the Spartans
Thermoplae
Why did monarchs lose power?
They depended on aristocrats to help them during war, but the aristocrats demanded more power and finally overthrew the monarchs (governing of one)
Why did oligarchs lose power?
They ignored the needs of most people. Oligarchs passed unpopular laws and used the army to enforce them. They past laws that protected their wealth. The rich got richer, the poor got poorer, and eventually the poor turned to leaders in the army. Those new leaders overthrew the oligarchs (aristocrats)
darious
a Persian king that starts preparing an army to attack the Athenians which caused the battle of the marathon, and result in Athenian victory
assembly
a group of citizens in an ancient Greek democracy with the power to pass laws
assembly
a meeting; a group of people who meet to pass laws
citizen
a member of a democracy who has certain rights and responsibilities
aristocrat
a member of the most powerful class in ancient Greece
city-states
a name for ancient Greek cities
tyrant
a person who seizes power illegally, different from monarch because (1) cannot claim that he has a legal right to rule, and (2) a tyrants son does not usually inherit his father's power
monarch
a single ruler such as a king, queen, or emperor who holds all the power in the country or empire
Helot
a slave in Sparta
What is the Greek word for marketplace?
agora
democracy
all citizens share in the ruling power
Why were ancient Greek communities isolated from one another?
ancient Greek communities were isolated from one another because of the mountains, which made travel and communication difficult
