ancient india the subcontinent

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What year was the early vedic period?

1700-1100 BC

Decline and End

2000 BC environmental factor, scarcity of grazing land central and western Asia

Indus Valley Civilization-

35,000 people

Indus Valley Civilization-

500 acre site in what is now Pakistan

Indus Valley Civilization-

970s Indus valley as indigenous civilization

Manuscript Illustration

A manuscript illustration (18th c.?) of the Battle of Kurukshetra, fought between the Kauravas and the Pandavas, recorded in the Mahabharata Epic.

From the Ramayana

A painting from the late sixteenth century edition, depicting the hero of the epic, Rama, and his brother Lakshmana, defeating two demons

Indus Valley Script

About 3500 seals found

Decline and End

Altered course of Indus River

Culture-

Animal and human figurines

Indus Valley Civilization-

Animal husbandry

Indus Valley Script

Appears unrelated to any other writing system

Indus Valley Civilization-

(c.3200-1600 BC) [33rd -17th C. B.C.]

Indus Valley Civilization-

Buildings were laid out diagonally

Early Indo-Aryans

Barley and other grains cultivated by use of a wooden plow drawn by bullocks

Religion

Bull

Decline and End

Collapse by 1600 BC

Indus Valley Civilization-

Constructed on raised platforms to protect grain from floods

Early Indo-Aryans

Dancing

Indus Valley Civilization-

Decorated pottery and figurines

Indus Valley Civilization-

Differed in many respects to later civilizations

Decline and End

Disputed

Indus Valley Civilization-

Diverse crops, incl. cotton

Indus Valley Civilization-

Evidence available sufficiently proves that this civilization at its peak compared favorably with Egypt and Mesopotamia

Culture-

Ex. Swastika (Sanskrit for well being/to be good)

Indus Valley Civilization-

Extensive trade connections

Indus Valley Civilization-

Fortified cities, brick construction of homes

Early Indo-Aryans

Gambling at dice national obsession

Decline and End

Induced widespread migration of nomadic peoples

Decline and End

Intermarried with indigenous population, retained and continued aspects of the previous culture

Decline and End

Inundated heavily populous areas

Decline and End

Invaders brought seeds of new civilization

Arya

Iran

Religion

Indicate prominence of fertility cult

Krishna and Arjuna, Kurukshetra

Krishna and Arjun on the chariot, Mahabharata, 18th-19th century, India.

Religion

Male deity, horned depicted on several seals believed to be a prototype of the Hindu god Shiva

Religion

Mother goddess

Early Indo-Aryans

Music

Religion

Necessarily a matter of knowledgeable guesswork

Oooooh, Nice.

Necklace from Mohenjo-Daro made from gold, agate, jasper, steatite and green stone (lizardite or grossular garnet). The gold beads are hollow and the pendant agate and jasper beads are attached with thick gold wire. Steatite beads with gold caps serve to separate each of the pendant beads. This necklace fragment is only half of the original ornament which was divided between India and Pakistan in 1947.

Decline and End

Not an isolated event

Indus Valley Script

Numbering 270 pictographs/characters

Indus Valley Civilization-

Only a small fraction of the artifacts have been recovered

Indus Valley Civilization-

Over period of three thousand years

Early Indo-Aryans

Possessed domesticated animals

Indus Valley Civilization-

Produced wheel turned pottery

Indus Valley Civilization-

Rested on foundation of food production & stone tool making

Decline and End

Series of floods and earthquakes

Decline and End

Series of invasions

Indus Valley Civilization-

Several cities, Mohenjo-Daro & Harappa

Indus Valley Civilization-

Several layers of food producing cultures

The Ramayana

She tries to immolate herself, but the fire god, Agni, refuses to burn her, proving Sita's innocence

The Ramayana

Sita is rescued by Rama and his faithful ally Hanuman, the monkey general.

The Ramayana

Sita is suspected of having sullied her virtue while in captivity

Early Indo-Aryans

Patriarchal family unit

Indus Valley Civilization-

Some multi-storied, bathrooms which drained to sewers under the principle streets

Culture-

Some symbols employed can be found in later Indian art

Arya

Technically only applies to Iranians , Indo-Aryans of the subcontinent ,There is no justification for applying it to any European nation or racial type

Indus Valley Script

The script is, so far, undecipherable

Indus Valley Script

There has been a considerable amount of work on deciphering Indus script. The leading authority is Asko Parpola, professor emeritus of the University of Helsinki, Finland. Indus Valley script may be related to the Ancient Dravidian language.

Indus Valley Civilization-

Traded over a wide area into Iran and Afghanistan

Indus Valley Civilization-

Urban, cosmopolitan

Indus Valley Civilization-

Waterproofed bricks and ornamental art work

Shadow Puppetry

Wayang Kulit Museum Indonesia Jakarta. The origins of puppetry can be traced to the Indus valley.

Indus Valley Civilization-

Wide range of affluence and social status

The Earliest Indian Civilization

harappa

Decline and End

initial decay 1000s

the earliest indian civilization

mohenjo-dara

Hanuman

monkey general, ally of Rama

Scene from the Mahabharata

Eighteenth century tapestry embroidered with colored silks and silver

Indus Valley Civilization-

Great Granary

Culture-

Art revealed in small objects of personal adornment

Indus Valley Civilization-

As early as 4000 BC

Indus Valley Civilization-

As early as 6th century BC (500s)

Early Indo-Aryans

Avid cattle breeders - cattle used as a form of currency

Indus Valley Civilization-

Held several varieties of grain

Culture-

Bronze Age

Indus Valley Civilization-

Brought to light 1920s

Religion

Carvings & figurines found

Polyandry

Draupadi with her five husbands - the Pandavas. The central figure is Yudhishthira; the two on the bottom are Bhima and Arjuna. Nakula and Sahadeva, the twins, are standing. Painting by Raja Ravi Varma, c. 1900.

Indus Valley

Goblet

Early Indo-Aryans

Handicrafts including metalwork

Indus Valley Civilization-

Harappa

Early Indo-Aryans

Horses for chariot racing and war

Indus Valley Civilization-

Housed a 900 square ft. public bath

Early Indo-Aryans

Largely pastoral economy

Driver and team

Late Harappa figures from a hoard at Daimabad

Indus Valley Civilization-

Many unrecoverable because the rise in the water levels over the centuries

Mohenjo-Daro, Pakistan

Masculine Torso

Indus Valley Civilization-

Mesopotamia 2300-2000 BC

Indus Valley Civilization-

Mohenjo-Daro

The Dancing Girl

Mohenjo-Daro

Religion

Sacred tree

Arya

noble


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