Antepartum

A 40-year-old client at 8 weeks' gestation has a 3-year-old child with Down syndrome. The nurse is discussing amniocentesis and chorionic villus sampling as genetic screening methods for the expected baby. The nurse is confident that the teaching has been understood when the client makes which statement?

"Chorionic villus sampling can be performed earlier in pregnancy."

A nurse is caring for a client in her 34th week of pregnancy who wears an external monitor. Which statement by the client indicates an understanding of the nurse's teaching?

"I can lie in any comfortable position, but I should stay off my back."

A nurse is caring for a client who is anxious to know her baby's due date. The nurse instructs the client on how to determine the baby's due date according to Nägele's rule. The client is correct to state which comment when discussing the use of the rule? Select all that apply.

"Nägele's rule provides a good approximation of the due date." "I will add 7 days to the first day of my last menstrual period and count back 3 months." "Nägele's rule may be used in conjunction with other assessment findings."

A 20-year-old married client with a positive pregnancy test states, "Is it really true? I can not believe I am going to have a baby!" Which response by the nurse would be most appropriate at this time?

"Yes it is true. How does that make you feel?"

A client at 11 weeks gestation calls the antepartum clinic nurse. She has soaked a perineal pad with fresh blood in less than 30 minutes. The uterine cramping has also become worse. What is the most appropriate response from the nurse?

"You need to seek immediate attention from your physician."

A client is at an ideal weight when she conceives. During a prenatal visit 2 months later, the client asks the nurse how much weight she should gain during pregnancy. What is the nurse's best response?

"You should gain 25 to 35 lb (11.3 to 15.9 kg)."

During a health-teaching session, a pregnant client asks the nurse how soon the fertilized ovum becomes implanted in the endometrium. Which answer should the nurse supply?

7 days after fertilization

The nurse is facilitating a childbirth education class with a group of parents. On the first day of class, the nurse finds that none of the clients is a first-time parent. Which of the following would be a teaching strategy to best assist the clients?

Complete a needs assessment about what the parents are interested in learning.

A primigravid client with class II heart disease who is visiting the clinic at 8 weeks' gestation tells the nurse that she has been maintaining a low-sodium, 1,800-calorie diet. Which instruction should the nurse give the client?

Increase caloric intake to 2,200 calories daily to promote fetal growth.

A client, 30 weeks pregnant, is scheduled for a biophysical profile (BPP) to evaluate the health of the fetus. The client's BPP score is 8. What does this score indicate?

The fetus isn't in distress at this time.

A nurse is caring for a 16-year-old pregnant adolescent. The client is taking an iron supplement. What should this client drink to increase the absorption of iron?

a glass of orange juice

A primigravid client at 26 weeks' gestation asks the nurse what causes heartburn during pregnancy. The nurse should explain to the client that heartburn during pregnancy is usually caused by which factor?

backflow of stomach contents into the esophagus

A nurse is caring for a client in the first 4 weeks of pregnancy. The nurse should expect to collect which assessment findings?

breast sensitivity

A client who is 24 weeks pregnant has sickle cell anemia. When preparing the care plan, the nurse should identify which factor as a potential trigger for a sickle cell crisis during pregnancy?

dehydration

A client's membranes rupture during the 36th week of pregnancy. Eighteen hours later, the nurse measures the client's temperature at 101.8° F (38.8° C). After initiating ordered antibiotic therapy, the nurse should prepare the client for:

delivery.

A client wants to avoid methods of birth control that contain estrogen. Which method would be the nurse recommend?

depot medroxyprogesterone acetate injection

Before surgery to remove an ectopic pregnancy and the fallopian tube, which sign or symptom would alert the nurse to the possibility of tubal rupture?

falling hematocrit and hemoglobin levels

An antenatal primigravid client has just been informed that she is carrying twins. The plan of care includes educating the client concerning factors that put her at risk for problems during the pregnancy. The nurse realizes the client needs further instruction when she indicates carrying twins puts her at risk for which complication?

group B streptococcus

While caring for a pregnant adolescent client, a nurse should develop a care plan that incorporates the adolescent's:

level of emotional maturity.

A 39-year-old multigravid client who is visiting the clinic at 14 weeks' gestation tells the nurse that she has had severe nausea and vomiting since becoming pregnant. The client's fundal measurement is 20 cm. The nurse should assess the client for signs and symptoms of which problem?

molar pregnancy

A 32-year-old multigravida returns to the clinic for a routine prenatal visit at 36 weeks' gestation. The assessments during this visit include: blood pressure 140/90 mm Hg; pulse 80 beats/min; respiratory rate 16 breaths/min. What further information should the nurse obtain to determine if this client is becoming preeclamptic?

proteinuria

A nurse is providing dietary teaching to a pregnant client. To help meet iron needs, the nurse should advise the client to eat:

spinach and beef.

When the nurse is working in the mother-baby unit, which client would the nurse anticipate giving Rho(D) immune globulin (human) to?

the Rh-negative mother with an Rh-positive baby

A nurse is discussing preterm labor in a prenatal class. After class, a client asks the nurse to identify again the nursing strategies to prevent preterm labor. The client needs further instruction when she makes which statement?

"Cutting back on my smoking will not help my baby."

A nurse is obtaining a prenatal history from a client who's 8 weeks pregnant. To help determine whether the client is at risk for a TORCH infection, the nurse should ask which question?

"Do you have any cats at home?"

A nurse is teaching a pregnant client how to distinguish false labor contractions from true labor contractions. Which statement by the client indicates an understanding of this concept?

"False labor contractions are usually felt in the abdomen."

After the nurse explains to a multigravid client at 36 weeks' gestation who is diagnosed with severe hydramnios about the possible complications of this condition, which client statement indicates the need for further instruction?

"I can continue to work at my job at the automobile factory until labor starts."

A client has a cerclage placed at 16 weeks' gestation. She has had no contractions and her cervix is dilated 2 cm. The nurse is preparing the client for discharge. Which statement by the client should indicate to the nurse that the client needs further instruction?

"I can have sex again in about 2 weeks."

After the nurse instructs a pregnant client about swimming and bathing during pregnancy, which client statement indicates the need for additional teaching?

"I can relax in a hot tub for about 20 minutes."

A primigravid client at 38 weeks' gestation diagnosed with mild preeclampsia calls the clinic nurse to say she has had a continuous headache for the past 2 days accompanied by nausea. The client does not want to take aspirin. What should the nurse should tell the client?

"I think the health care provider should see you today. Can you come to the clinic this morning?"

A client with type 1 diabetes has just learned she's pregnant. The nurse is teaching her about insulin requirements during pregnancy. Which guideline should the nurse provide?

"Insulin requirements usually decrease during the first trimester."

During a routine clinic visit, a 25-year-old multigravid client who initiated prenatal care at 10 weeks' gestation and is now in her third trimester states, "I've been having strange dreams about the baby. Last week I dreamed he was covered with hair." What should the nurse should tell the mother?

"It is not uncommon to have dreams about the baby, particularly in the third trimester."

A pregnant client asks the nurse whether she can take castor oil for her constipation. How should the nurse respond?

"No, it can initiate premature uterine contractions."

A 22-year-old primigravida approaches the nurse during the prenatal clinic and states that her partner is saying hurtful comments about her weight gain. What is the most appropriate response from the nurse?

"Tell me how you are feeling about your partner's comments."

A client is a long-distance runner and is 8 weeks pregnant with her first baby. The client tells the nurse that she would like to continue running throughout the pregnancy and asks the nurse if there are any safety risks. Which response by the nurse correctly identifies musculoskeletal changes in pregnancy that may be a safety risk to the client?

"The joints of the pelvis relax."

A client at 36 weeks' gestation is scheduled for a routine ultrasound prior to an amniocentesis. After teaching the client about the purpose of the ultrasound, which client statement would indicate to the nurse that the client needs further instruction?

"The ultrasound identifies blood flow through the umbilical cord."

A client at 37 weeks gestation is at a prenatal visit and states that she sometimes feels dizzy when lying directly on her back. Which is the nurse's best response?

"This may be due to the uterus putting pressure on a blood vessel."

A pregnant client is experiencing a thin, odorless, vaginal discharge. What should the nurse instruct the client to do to prevent vaginal infections?

"Try wearing a panty liner and discarding it after every urination."

A 20-year-old primigravid client tells the nurse that her mother had a friend who died from hemorrhage about 10 years ago during a vaginal birth. Which response would be most helpful?

"What is it that concerns you about pregnancy, labor, or childbirth?"

The nurse is providing prenatal education regarding microorganisms to be avoided during pregnancy. Which of the following statements during the counseling session would indicate to the nurse that the client understands the teaching?

"Women should avoid unpasteurized milk and cheese and undercooked meat."

A client has just expelled a hydatidiform mole. She's visibly upset over the loss and wants to know when she can try to become pregnant again. How should the nurse respond?

"You must wait at least 1 year before becoming pregnant again."

A client in the first trimester of pregnancy comes to the facility for a routine prenatal visit. The client reports mixed feelings about readiness to have a baby, even though this was a planned pregnancy. Which response should the nurse offer?

"You're feeling ambivalent, which is normal during the first trimester."

The nurse performs a routine prenatal assessment on a client at 35 weeks' gestation and finds vital signs: blood pressure 138/88 mm Hg, pulse 82/min, respirations 18/min, temperature 99.1° F (37.3° C). Which statement is most appropriate for the nurse to make at this time?

"Your blood pressure is slightly high. I will check it again before you leave."

A nurse in a prenatal clinic is assessing a client who is 28 weeks' pregnant. Which findings lead the nurse to suspect that the client has mild preeclampsia?

1+ protein, blood pressure 142/92 mmHg

At what gestational age should a primigravida expect to start feeling quickening?

18 to 20 weeks

During a prenatal visit, a nurse measures a client's fundal height at 19 cm. This measurement indicates that the fetus has reached approximately which gestational age?

19 weeks

The primary health care provider (HCP) orders 1,000 mL of Ringer's lactate intravenously over an 8-hour period for a 29-year-old primigravid client at 16 weeks' gestation with hyperemesis. The drip factor is 12 gtts/mL. The nurse should administer the IV infusion at how many drops per minute? Record your answer as a whole number.

25

A nurse has an order to start magnesium sulfate on a preterm labor client. The order reads: administer a 4-g bolus over 15 minutes. The nurse has 50 g of magnesium sulfate mixed in 1000 mL of lactated Ringers on hand. How will the nurse set the pump rate to deliver the 4-g bolus? Record your answer using a whole number.

320

A woman who has preeclampsia is receiving magnesium sulfate 20 grams per 500 mL of lactated Ringers via infusion pump. The prescribed rate of infusion is 2 grams/hour. How many mL/hour should the nurse set the infusion pump for? Record your answer using a whole number.

50

A 16-year-old primigravida at 36 weeks' gestation who has had no prenatal care experienced a seizure at work and is being transported to the hospital by ambulance. What should the nurse do upon the client's arrival?

Admit the client to a quiet, darkened room.

A client diagnosed with gestational hypertension must have weekly blood pressure checks and urine testing at a clinic. She does not have transportation. How can the nurse help this client be compliant with her care?

Ask the clinic case manager to speak with the client.

A client who is 2 months' pregnant has become more introverted, stopping most social activities. What action would the nurse take upon learning this information?

Assess the client for depression using an approved depression screening tool.

A 26-year-old primigravida visiting the prenatal clinic for her regular visit at 34 weeks' gestation tells the nurse that she takes mineral oil for occasional constipation. What should the nurse should instruct the client to do?

Avoid mineral oil because it interferes with the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins.

A client who is pregnant with her second child comes to the clinic complaining of a pulling and tightening sensation over her pubic bone every 15 minutes. She reports no vaginal fluid leakage. Because she has just entered her 36th week of pregnancy, she is apprehensive about her symptoms. Vaginal examination discloses a closed, thick, posterior cervix. These findings suggest that the client is experiencing:

Braxton Hicks contractions.

A woman with preeclampsia is receiving magnesium sulfate via infusion pump at 1 g/h. The nurse's assessment includes temperature 36.7°C; pulse 78; respirations 12/minute; blood pressure 128/82 mm Hg; urinary output 90 mL in last 4 hours via urinary catheter; patellar-tendon reflex absent; ankle clonus absent; fetal heart rate 120 beats/min; cervix 4 cm dilated, 80% effaced, station -1. Which is the most appropriate action for the nurse to take?

Discontinue the magnesium sulfate infusion and notify the health care provider (HCP).

Which instruction should a nurse give to a client who's 26 weeks pregnant and complains of constipation?

Encourage her to increase her intake of roughage and to drink at least six glasses of water per day.

A nulligravid client with gestational diabetes tells the nurse that she had a reactive nonstress test 3 days ago and asks, "What does that mean?" The nurse explains that a reactive nonstress test indicates which of the following about the fetus?

Fetal well-being at this point in the pregnancy.

While assisting the physician with an amniocentesis on a multigravid client at 38 weeks' gestation, the nurse observes that the fluid is very cloudy and thick. The nurse interprets this finding as indicating which of the following?

Intrauterine infection.

A pregnant client's last menstrual period began on October 12. Using Nägele's rule, the nurse calculates the estimated date of delivery (EDD) as:

July 19.

A client thinks that she is 7 weeks pregnant. The nurse would explain that which assessment would best confirm pregnancy?

Obtain a positive pregnancy test.

The nurse is assessing a pregnant client using Leopold's maneuvers. Which of the following nursing actions are appropriate for this assessment? Select all that apply.

Palpate the client's upper abdomen using both hands. Note the shape and consistency of the palpated part. Note the mobility of the palpated part.

A woman at 22 weeks' gestation has right upper quadrant pain radiating to her back. She rates the pain as 9 on a scale of 1 to 10 and says that it has occurred 2 times in the last week for about 4 hours at a time. She does not associate the pain with food. Which nursing measure is the highest priority for this client?

Refer the client to her health care provider for evaluation and treatment of the pain.

A pregnant client calls the nurse at 22 weeks gestation to report that she is experiencing some edema of her face and hands, with puffiness in her eyelids in the morning. What is the priority action by the nurse?

Refer the client to her physician.

A client is in the 38th week of her first pregnancy. She calls the prenatal facility to report occasional tightening sensations in the lower abdomen and pressure on the bladder from the fetus, which she says seems lower than usual. The nurse should take which action?

Review premonitory signs of labor with the client.

A nurse is caring for a client who is scheduled for amniocentesis. What will the nurse teach the client about this procedure?

She needs to empty her bladder prior to the procedure.

When instructing a pregnant client diagnosed with a chlamydial infection at 28 weeks' gestation, what should the nurse include about this infection during pregnancy?

She will likely receive a 5-day course of azithromycin.

A multigravid client who stands for long periods while working in a factory visits the prenatal clinic at 35 weeks' gestation, stating, "The varicose veins in my legs have really been bothering me lately." Which instruction would be most helpful?

Take frequent rest periods with the legs elevated above the hips.

A nurse is reviewing a client's prenatal history. Which finding indicates a genetic risk factor?

The client has a child with cystic fibrosis.

A client is seeking infertility treatment after attempting pregnancy for 2 years. Of the following data from the client's history, which has the greatest impact on infertility?

The client is a gymnast weighing 105 lbs (47.6 kg).

A nurse is preparing to teach a client about fetal growth and development during the first 3 months of pregnancy. The nurse is assembling teaching aids by milestones. In ascending order, (month 1, month 2, month 3, and months 4 to 9), how would the nurse arrange the aids? All options must be used.

The embryo has a definite form; the head, trunk, and tiny buds for arms and legs develop; and the cardiovascular system begins to function. The eyes, ears, nose, lips, tongue, and tooth buds develop; the umbilical cord has a definite form; and the external genitalia are present. Teeth and bones begin to appear, the kidneys start to function and, at the end of the month, gender is distinguishable. Internal and external fetal growth continues at a rapid rate, and the fetus stores the fats and minerals it needs to live outside the womb.

A 27-year-old primigravid client with insulin-dependent diabetes at 34 weeks' gestation undergoes a nonstress test, the results of which are documented as reactive. What should the nurse tell the client that the test results indicate?

There is evidence of fetal well-being.

A client with gestational hypertension receives magnesium sulfate, 4 g in 50% solution I.V. over 20 minutes. What is the purpose of administering magnesium sulfate to this client?

To prevent seizures

Lower back pain is a common concern among pregnant clients. Which comfort measure should a nurse include in the teaching plan for a pregnant client?

Use an ergonomically correct desk chair.

A client is at 24 weeks' gestation. The nurse is reviewing the report of laboratory tests. The nurse should report which of these results to the health care provider?

VDRL

A client at 36 weeks' gestation, begins to exhibit signs of labor after an eclamptic seizure. The nurse should assess the client for:

abruptio placentae

A primigravid client visits the clinic for a routine examination at 35 weeks' gestation. The client's blood pressure is near the baseline of 120/74 mm Hg with no proteinuria or evidence of facial edema. The client asks the nurse, "What should I take if I get an occasional headache after looking at my computer at work all day?" Which over-the-counter medicine does the nurse consider to be safest for occasional use by a pregnant client with no known risks?

acetaminophen

A 30-year-old multiparous client has been prescribed oral contraceptives as a method of birth control. The nurse instructs the client that decreased effectiveness may occur if the client is prescribed which drug?

ampicillin

A pregnant woman states that she frequently ingests laundry starch. The nurse should assess the client for which condition?

anemia

A client is scheduled for amniocentesis. When preparing the client for the procedure, the nurse should:

ask the client to void.

A multigravid client at 38 weeks' gestation is scheduled to undergo a contraction stress test. What should the nurse include in the explanation as the purpose of this test?

assessment of fetal ability to tolerate labor

When measuring the fundal height of a primigravid client at 20 weeks' gestation, the nurse will locate the fundal height at which point?

at about the level of the client's umbilicus

During a nonstress test (NST), the electronic tracing displays a relatively flat line for fetal movement, making it difficult to evaluate the fetal heart rate (FHR). To mark the strip, a nurse should instruct the client to push the control button at which time?

at the beginning of each fetal movement

A client, 38 weeks pregnant, arrives in the emergency department complaining of contractions. To help confirm that she's in true labor, the nurse should assess for:

changes in cervical effacement and dilation after 1 to 2 hours.

A client is 8 weeks pregnant. Which teaching topic is most appropriate at this time?

common discomforts of pregnancy

How does the nurse identify the type of presentation shown in the figure?

complete breech

A 24-year-old client admitted to the hospital is suspected of having an ectopic pregnancy. On admission, which factor would be most important to assess?

date of last menstrual period

On arrival at the emergency department, a client tells the nurse that she suspects that she may be pregnant but has been having a small amount of bleeding and has severe pain in the lower abdomen. The client's blood pressure is 70/50 mm Hg, and her pulse rate is 120 bpm. The nurse notifies the primary health care provider (HCP) immediately because of the possibility of which complication?

ectopic pregnancy.

A multigravid client is admitted at 16 weeks' gestation with a diagnosis of hyperemesis gravidarum. The nurse should explain to the client that hyperemesis gravidarum is thought to be related to high levels of which hormone?

estrogen

A client asks why she feels so much variability in fetal activity each day. The nurse explains that fetal movement is affected by which factors? Select all that apply.

fetal sleep blood glucose time of day cigarette smoking

The nurse is assessing fetal presentation in a multiparous client. The figure here indicates which presentation?

footling breech

A client at 24 weeks gestation comes to the clinic for a prenatal check-up and reports that she has been "seeing double." The nurse checks the urine and determines that there is 3+ proteinuria. What does the nurse determine is the potential priority problem?

gestational hypertension

A client who's 3 months pregnant with her first child reports increasing morning sickness for the past month. Nursing assessment reveals a fundal height of 20 cm and no audible fetal heart tones. The nurse should suspect which complication of pregnancy?

gestational trophoblastic disease

A client makes a routine visit to the prenatal clinic. Although the client is 14 weeks pregnant, the size of her uterus approximates an 18- to 20-week pregnancy. The physician diagnoses gestational trophoblastic disease and orders ultrasonography. The nurse expects ultrasonography to reveal:

grapelike clusters.

A primigravid client at 8 weeks' gestation tells the nurse that since having had sexual relations with a new partner 2 weeks ago, she has noticed flu-like symptoms, enlarged lymph nodes, and clusters of vesicles on her vagina. The nurse refers the client to a primary health care provider because the nurse suspects which sexually transmitted infection?

herpes genitalis

A client in her first trimester of pregnancy comes to the prenatal clinic and states, "I feel nauseous and I'm vomiting all the time. I can't even keep down water." This client should be evaluated for what condition?

hyperemesis gravidarum

When teaching a group of pregnant adolescent clients about reproduction and conception, the nurse is correct when stating that fertilization occurs:

in the first third of the fallopian tube.

A 25-year-old client tells the nurse that she would like to become pregnant, but she has been diagnosed with blocked fallopian tubes due to pelvic inflammatory disease. When helping the client explore infertility treatment options, what is most appropriate for this client?

in vitro fertilization

The topic of physiologic changes that occur during pregnancy is to be included in a parenting class for primigravid clients who are in their first half of pregnancy. Which of the following topics would be important for the nurse to include in the teaching plan?

increased risk for urinary tract infections

Which medication is considered safe during pregnancy?

insulin

A pregnant client with diabetes mellitus is at risk for having a large-for-gestational-age neonate because:

insulin acts as a growth hormone on the fetus.

A multiparous client at 14 weeks' gestation has such severe morning sickness that she has "not been able to keep anything down for a week." The nurse should review the results of the urinalysis for which value?

ketones

When teaching a primigravid client with diabetes about common causes of hyperglycemia during pregnancy, the nurse would include which information?

maternal infection

The health care provider prescribes a maternal blood test for alpha fetoprotein for a nulligravid client at 16 weeks' gestation. When developing the teaching plan, the nurse bases the explanations on the understanding that this test is used to detect which condition?

neural tube defects

A newly diagnosed pregnant client tells the nurse, "If I am going to have all of these discomforts, I am not sure I want to be pregnant!" The nurse interprets the client's statement as an indication of which perception?

normal ambivalence

A primigravida, currently about 8 weeks pregnant, and her husband ask when they should begin the preparation for childbirth classes that discuss maternal nutrition during pregnancy. Which time would be most appropriate for the nurse to suggest that they begin the classes?

now during the first trimester of pregnancy

A nurse is developing a care plan for a client in her 34th week of gestation who's experiencing premature labor. What nonpharmacologic intervention should the plan include to halt premature labor?

promoting adequate hydration

A pregnant mother who has brought her toddler to the clinic for a check-up asks the nurse how she can keep her next baby from becoming obese. The mother plans to bottle-feed her next child. Which information should the nurse include in the teaching plan to help the mother avoid overnourishing her infant?

recognizing clues indicating that a baby is full

A client progressing through pregnancy develops constipation. What is the primary cause of this problem during pregnancy?

reduced intestinal motility

A client is diagnosed with oligohydramnios during a clinic visit. Before the client gives birth, the nurse should notify the nurses working in the nursery about the diagnosis so they are aware of which complication that's commonly associated with oligohydramnios?

renal malformations

When caring for a client with preeclampsia during labor, the nurse should:

restrict the amount of fluid administered.

A new nurse is asked to start an I.V. on an antepartum client. The new nurse has performed the procedure only once and isn't familiar with the I.V. pumps used in this facility. The new nurse should:

review the unit's procedure manual.

A 15-year-old primigravid client at approximately 16 weeks' gestation tells the nurse that she has been experiencing an occasional sharp pain from the fundus to her pubic bone on the left side. The nurse determines that the client is most likely experiencing which complication?

round ligament pain

A client with cervical incompetence undergoes cerclage. What complications should the nurse monitor for following the procedure? Select all that apply.

rupture of membranes intrauterine infection painful, regular contractions active bleeding

A primigravid client visits the clinic at 12 weeks' gestation and tells the nurse that she has a cold and her nose is stuffy. The nurse should instruct the client to treat the nasal stuffiness by using which approach?

saline nose drops

A cerclage procedure is performed on a client at 20 weeks' gestation who is diagnosed with cervical incompetence. When preparing the discharge teaching plan, the nurse should expect to instruct the client to monitor herself for which problem?

symptoms of infection

A newly pregnant client tells the nurse that she hasn't been taking her prenatal vitamins because they make her nauseated. In addition to telling the client how important taking the vitamins are, the nurse should advise her to:

take the vitamin on a full stomach.

After instructing a primigravid client about the functions of the placenta, the nurse determines that the client needs additional teaching when she says that which hormone is produced by the placenta?

testosterone

A client and her partner, both 25 years old, are having trouble conceiving. Infertility in this couple is defined as:

the inability to conceive after 1 year of unprotected attempts.

A client who is 10 weeks pregnant develops spotting; however, the cervix remains closed. What should the nurse should suspect?

threatened abortion

A 20-year-old client visiting the clinic requests the use of oral contraceptives. When reviewing the client's history, which finding would alert the nurse to a possible contraindication to using these agents?

thrombophlebitis

A primigravid client with diabetes at 38 weeks' gestation asks the nurse why she had a fetal acoustic stimulation during her last nonstress test. Which should the nurse include as the rationale for this test?

to startle and awaken the fetus

A client undergoes an amniotomy. Shortly afterward, the nurse detects large variable decelerations in the fetal heart rate (FHR) on the external electronic fetal monitor (EFM). These findings signify:

umbilical cord prolapse.