ANTH 1001 EXAM 3 Prep (Qs from Learning Checks)
Medicine based on principles of western natural sciences is referred to by anthropologists as:
Biomedicine
What phenomena entails the wealthiest and most educated members of postcolonial societies leaving their homelands and relocating to the former colonizing nation?
Brain-drain migration
Which of the following anthropologists focused on symbols as the central way that culture is composed?
Clifford Geertz
The first method of farming developed by humans is known as:
Extensive horticulture
Culture has an ideal and traditional form that all strive towards.
FALSE
Identity is completely constructed from the culture around us.
FALSE
In Durkheim's organic solidarity, everyone in the community participates in all the same economic activities.
FALSE
What term refers to a form of herding in which people live in small seasonal camps as they move with their animals?
Nomadism
What term best describes the act of self aligning with who the self thinks it ought to be?
Performativity
According to Durkheim, society changes (or "evolves") because of:
Population growth
A shared culture helps us trust people we don't know but share norms with.
TRUE
Anthropologists can use the scientific method, but their findings are often not objective.
TRUE
Culture manifests in both the material and ideological.
TRUE
For most of humanity's existence, groups of humans were relatively isolated.
TRUE
Humans have the ability to ascribe meaning to things, allowing for knowledge structures to form that make life and social relations possible.
TRUE
In Durkheim's mechanical solidarity, the strongest cohesive factor is kinship.
TRUE
What is an example of a fictive kinship?
The practice of godparenthood.
Modernism is:
The processes that make a culture compatible to the larger global economic landscape.
What is NOT associated with globalization?
The rise of the Industrial Age and the growth of local factories.
What is NOT true of the approach Native American cultures usually took to variant genders?
Variant-gender individuals were considered homosexual.
What is a ghost marriage?
A marriage performed between 1-2 deceased individuals.
What describes the cultural practice of sororate?
A remarriage rule requiring that when a married woman dies, the deceased wife's lineage must provide a replacement wife.
What term refers to a cultural group without an official leader?
Acephalous
What system of social inequality is based on an individual's circumstances of birth and there's no opportunity to move out of a social group?
Caste system
What refers to the exchange of ideas and artifacts between cultures as a result of migration or globalization?
Cultural hybridity
What is an example of embodiment?
Dressing professionally while at work to maintain a good working relationship with colleagues.
"Social facts reinforce the collective conscience to maintain social solidarity" is attributed to:
Durkheim
Having access to material resources such as crops or oil is an example of:
Economic capital
What type of colonization occurs when large areas of land are occupied by imperial forces for resource extraction and locals are forced to build the infrastructure of their own subjugation and environmental ruin?
Economic colonization
Learning the ways of a culture in an authentic, experiential way, often also defined as the process of one generation passing on cultural values to the next is called:
Enculturation
Why do humans live in a society?
For collective survival
What term refers to people sharing things with no regard to value or compensation?
Generalized reciprocity
Cultural relativism was the basis for:
Historical Particularism
Medicalization describes:
How certain conditions, variations, or other behavioral or biological phenomenal are constructed to be thought of as a problem.
Which of these is not a focus for medical anthropologists?
How to treat cancer with biomedicine.
What mode of subsistence have humans practiced for most of their evolutionary history?
Hunting-Gathering
What is true regarding the role of kinship in solving problems in everyday life?
In smaller societies with low populations, kinship plays a significant role.
What is NOT a typical outcome of forced migration?
Increase in economic wealth.
What farming method would generate the greatest yield and support the largest population?
Intensive architecture
How does capital accumulation contribute to social inequality?
It's invested to increase its value rather than being circulated in the wider economy.
Which kinship structure highlights the nuclear family?
Linear kinship
What term describes how people interact with their environments to make a living?
Mode of subsistence
What describes how modern capitalist interests continue to pressure poor nations through economic, political, or military means?
Neocolonialism
What economic model prioritizes privatization of public services?
Neoliberalism
What BEST defines immigrants?
People who move permanently from one country to another.
What is NOT characteristic of chiefdoms?
Reliance on the extended community in making decisions.
What occurs when a social movement changes the structure of the political system, whether through peaceful or violent action?
Revolution
What's the name for using several plots of land in various stages of fallow and cultivation?
Shifting cultivation
The culturally defined agreement between patients and family members to acknowledge that a patient is legitimately sick, which involves certain responsibilities and behaviors that caregivers expect of the sick is called
Sick role
Someone who succeeds in college because they have a large family network that supports them while they study is cashing in on:
Social capital
The ways that individuals perceive aspects of social and natural reality and divide it into categories that are culturally variable are called:
Social constructions
The feeling of connectedness we feel to other members within our group is called:
Social solidarity
The creation of classes in a society to reflect different levels of capital is referred to as:
Social stratification
Examining how people use a language in real settings rather than studying language as a formal set of rules is what kind of linguistics?
Sociolinguistics (Examines the social context of language)
What is NOT an example of liminality?
Spending the day at work
Status and roles help to create structure to interact with others in society.
TRUE
Symbols make to work culture real to those that understand them.
TRUE
Transparency of power (like the use of open-source materials) and categorizing power (through defining different types) can help minimize the malicious use of unequal power.
TRUE
What BEST defines meritocracy?
The idea that people succeed based entirely on their own effort and abilities.
What term did Elman Service use for a type of acephalous society that relies on extended family structures for leadership, decision-making, and conflict resolution?
Tribal societies
Which refers to large-scale movement caused by warfare, institutional violence, or the search for better opportunities?
Diaspora (The largest is the Indian diasphora w/ 18M people no longer living in their country of origin).
Society is synonymous w/ nation or civilization. Communication is synonymous w/ language. Culture is synonymous w/ civilization.
FALSE (to all)
In social settings, meaning emerges from conversation and social interaction, not (just) from rules.
TRUE
Social constructions feel very real because we're surrounded by people immersed in the same cultural context.
TRUE
In American culture, which human-other is symbolically understood as the least real?
Vampires
Which of the following anthropologists used liminality to describe how social structures make sense of the out-of-ordinary?
Victor Turner
Power is maintained through the manipulation of different types of capital, structural violence, the control of ideologies, and mass surveillance.
TRUE
While a society is a collection of people that work together for survival, culture is how social relationships are facilitated and made meaningful.
TRUE
What BEST defines systemic oppression?
The normalization of political, economic, and social inequalities in a society.
What BEST describes the primary focus of political anthropologists?
The role of history and the dynamic relationships of a culture.
