ANTH 1003

Living among a group of people to study them

Fieldwork

Who are the Nacirema? What is their culture like? What does the article on the Nacirema teach us?

American. The American culture. The challenges sociocultural anthropologists face in providing an etic account of another culture.

Anthropology is the study of humans, past and present. To understand the full sweep and complexity of cultures across all of human history,

Anthropology

Study past peoples and cultures, from the deepest prehistory to the recent past, through the analysis of material remains

Archaeology

Understand how humans adapt to diverse environments, growth, disease and early death. Evolution theory

Biological (or physical) anthropology

Founder of social anthropology. By developing the methods and the primacy of anthropological fieldwork. Spent years studying culture, learned native language, learned cultural patterns of thought.

Bronislaw Malinowski and how did he influence anthropological research methods

Understanding values and customs in terms of the culture of which they are a part. In other words, "right" and "wrong" are culture-specific what is right here might be wrong somewhere else.

Culture Relativity

What is the Culture and Personality school of thought in anthropology (and how does it approach culture)?

Culture as the principal force in shaping the personality of a society. Assumed that each society had a distinct culture and personality (homogenous, usually national, culture)

Feelings of alienation and helplessness that result from rapid immersion in a new and different culture

Culture shock

➢Insider's view ➢How people in a given community view their society and culture ➢Describes the organization and meaning a culture's practices have for its members

Emic

How did end up doing research among the Gebusi?

Ended up working with Gebusi because some were guides, became friends although very different from each other (p.21)

Belief that one's culture is better, more natural than all other cultures AKA Racism

Ethnocentrism

A theoretical perspective that focuses on recording and examining ways that members of a society use language to classify and organize their cognitive world

Ethnoscience

➢Outsider or analyst's view ➢How anthropologist views a given community's beliefs and practices ➢Tries to determine the causes of particular cultural patterns that may be beyond the awareness of the culture being studied ➢May involve comparison with researcher's society and culture or other known societies and cultures

Etic

•Father of American Anthropology German Jewish and that influenced his work. Criticized evolutionism. Each culture as a product of its own unique history argued vehemently against ethnocentrism. •Espoused cultural relativism (approach each culture on its own terms) •Championed human rights and justice -All humans have equal capacity for culture -No culture is more evolved than another -All races are equal

Franz Boas and how did he influence American anthropology

What is the ethnography of speaking?

How community categorizes behavior and communication, including what a community defines as speaking. Also, the other "paralinguistic" features of expression, such as tone, prosody, etc.

Language reflects and influences social life.

Linguistic Anthropology

How does Geertz say that cockfighting relates to Balinese culture and society (e.g., what does the rooster symbolize? Who takes part in cockfighting?)

Maleness, extension of self, but also animalism

What kinds of methods did Knauft use in studying the Gebusi?

Participant observation

participating in a given society but also observing social behavior and cultural beliefs - combines subjective and objective views, etic and emic perspectives

Participant observation

Who are the Gebusi?

People of Papua New Guinea

3D virtual world where users can socialize, customize an avatar, connect and create using free voice and text

Second life

Examine social patterns and practices across cultures/ how people live

Sociocultural Anthropology

What are the 4 fields of anthropology?

Sociocultural anthro, Biological (or physical) anthro, archaeology, and linguistic anthro

How did Spradley and Mann study drinking and talk at Brady's bar and what did they learn?

Speech events at Brady's bar: greeting, asking for a drink, giving an order, answering the phone, argument. Many ways to ask for a drink (stage to perform for waitress and other customers)

What is a speech act?

Speech to accomplish a purpose Can be a word, a phrase, a sentence, a book, etc Example: asking someone to dance

A theoretical perspective that focuses on understanding culture by discovering and analyzing a culture's symbols

Symbolic antro

How did Boellstorrf conduct research in Second Life?

Two years of fieldwork in Second Life, living among and observing its residents in exactly the same way anthropologists traditionally have done to learn about cultures and social groups in the so-called real world. He conducted his research as the avatar "Tom Bukowski," and applied the rigorous methods of anthropology to study many facets of this new frontier of human life, including issues of gender, race, sex, money, conflict and antisocial behavior, the construction of place and time, and the interplay of self and group.

These are examples of what? New ways of thinking about food consumption in the morning (Go-Gurt). Cultural anthropologists have been instrumental in promoting the welfare of tribal and indigenous peoples.

applied anthro

Analyzes social, political and economic problems and develops solutions.

applied anthropology

The heart of Gebusi culture. In a way, the term even represents their concept of culture itself - the beliefs, practices, and styles of living that are special and unique to them as a people. At one level, Kogwayay refers especially to their distinctive traditions of dancing, singing, and bodily decoration. How Gebsui understand anthropological concept of culture Togetherness, talk, cheering.

kogwayay

What is a speech event?

•"Activities that are directly governed by rules for speaking" • Patterned ways of using language •Have cultural rules (need more than a dictionary and grammar) Examples: asking for a drink, giving a lecture, church sermon, chew someone out, gossip, chat

How do businesses use anthropology?

•Applies anthropological theories and methods to identify and solve business problems. •How to improve business efficiency and work processes by observing how people perform in their workplace •Suggestions on marketing strategies by studying consumer behavior

What kinds of careers can a degree in anthropology lead to?

•Education •Marketing/market research (understanding consumers) •Health and human services

What kinds of research methods do cultural anthropologists use?

•Fieldwork •Participant observation •Other methods •Interviews (structured, open-ended) •Surveys •Census •Kinship charts •Mapping •Video and audio recording •Photography •Silent observation •Measurement and statistical data •PARTICIPANT OBSERVATION

What are the characteristics of culture?

•Made up of learned behaviors •Involve the use of language, classification systems and symbols •Patterned, integrated and shared by members of a group •Adaptive and subject to change

What is deep play and how is cockfighting in Bali an example (know what factors make a match "deeper")?

•Stakes so high, from practical point of view, it makes no sense to engage in it •High stakes in terms of money, but moreso of status •Reflects social organization and alliance (bet on kinsman's rooster, own villager's rooster) •Deep: status equals/personal enemies, high status individuals. •Deeper matches: closer identification, better cocks more evenly matched, greater emotion, higher and more bets, more about status.