ANTH 206
Why do Maasai men take multiple wives?
Because it takes a lot of work to run a household.
The Indigenous Ngäbe live in...
Panama
Which of the following would be an example of balanced reciprocity in the U.S. today?
Exchanging holiday gifts with co-workers at an office party
Why is the Balinese religious system effective at reducing pests?
The timing and coordination of irrigation starves the pests.
What is the purpose of gift-giving?
To strengthen social relations
Unlike television, the internet...
allows for new forms of communication and collaboration.
The______ function of religion allows people to feel connected to something bigger than themselves.
mystical
What elements make up the social structure of a culture?
social organization (social, political, and family structures)
In 1871, the imperial British authorities "notified" members of hundreds of Indian tribes that they were criminals because...
they pursued a nomadic way of life, which made the British authorities nervous.
When are you most likely to experience collective effervescence?
while marching in a protest
The dislike of or prejudice against people from other countries is called ________.
xenophobia
Georges Hébert's philosophy of health is based on one simple mantra:
"Be fit to be useful."
Which of the following is considered "art" from an anthropological perspective?
- music - food - ganes - clothing
Which of the following are at least partially inspired by Hébert?
- parkour - Erwan Le Corre's MovNat - CrossFit - BarStarzz
"We shape our tools, and then our tools shape us," is sometimes literally true. What technology has literally reshaped the human body and its functioning?
- stone tools - fire - shoes - air conditioning
Some studies confirm gender stereotypes, but critics of these studies point out that...
- the studies are based on unreliable self-reporting. - when research participants are reminded of stereotypes the differences are magnified. - the content of the questions themselves signal gender stereotypes. - when gender is minimized the differences go away.
Which of the following group of people were doing the closest thing to anthropological research before there was such a thing as anthropology? (This question has multiple correct answers.)
-missionaries -colonialists -merchants
Which of the following are differences between commodity money and fiat money?
- Commodity money has value beyond its use as currency; fiat money does not. - Fiat money is issued and backed by the government; commodity money is not.
According to geographer Jared Diamond, what are the proximate factors that allowed Europeans to colonize much of the world?
- domesticated horses - guns and steel swords - ocean-going ships - resistance to epidemic diseases
Compared to the environments of our ancestors, many Westerners today have...
- less need to move and exercise. - easy access to plentiful fat and sugar. - complex modern social networks and economic pressures.
The Ngäbe anti-mining activists believed that landslides were caused by...
- the mining company's drilling activities. - angry spirits.
What is engaged anthropology?
Collaborating with communities to help solve real-world problems that matter most to them.
True or false: A true restoration project creates a perfect reproduction of a past ecosystem.
False
True or false: Wilderness and civilization are two completely separate things.
False
True or false: Art is the sole province of the elites or professional artists.
Fasle
Why are experiences of menopause different all over the world?
Because cultural context influences how people experience their bodies.
What is planned obsolesence?
It is the creation of products that break, wear out, or become unusable so that people have to buy new ones.
What does it mean for engaged/activist anthropologist Daniel Goldstein to "lay his body on the line?"
It means he puts himself at bodily risk of harm rather than just theorizing about it.
What did the American Indian Religious Freedom Act of 1978 accomplish?
It protected the rights of Native Americans to exercise their traditional religions.
Which of the following is NOT a way that Malinowski's participant-observation fieldwork differed from the research that had come before?
It required the anthropologist to seek assistance from other white men.
Which of the following is NOT a benefit of participant-observation fieldwork?
It requires a lot of time and energy.
A collection of symbolic elements like skills, tastes, clothing, mannerisms, credentials, etc., that individuals acquire through being part of a particular social class is called _________.
cultural capital
The Tamil view marriage not just as the union of two people, but as the union of two ________.
families
According to sociologist Marcel Mauss, what are the three obligations associated with gift exchange?
giving, receiving, and reciprocating
What was the purpose of the #IfTheyGunnedMeDown campaign?
demonstrating mainstream media bias in its portrayal of Black bodies
Which of the following would be an example of negative reciprocity in the U.S. today?
Sucking up to a professor to acquire a glowing letter of recommendation
What is structural violence?
Systematic ways in which social structures harm or otherwise disadvantage individuals.
Why do people in this village count differently than most people reading this book?
The Base 27 system is useful for tracking the lunar cycle.
What does author Peggy Orenstein conclude in her study of American boys?
There are only limited avenues for expressing masculinity.
Which of the following is NOT a reason government officials decided to build a toxic waste dump in Warren County, North Carolina?
Warren County had a particular ecological suitability to storing toxic waste.
What happened when researcher Paul Davies showed advertisements with women doting over a brownie mix or gushing over a new beauty product just before students took an exam?
Women tried fewer math problems and were less likely to express interest in STEM fields.
What is the Anthropocene?
a geological era in which human influence on the environment increased dramatically
What is the Singularity?
a hypothetical point in time when uncontrollable technological growth results in unforeseeable changes to human civilization
Whiteness has meant many different things throughout U.S. history. One thing it has NOT meant is...
a lack of opportunity in higher education
What is language?
a system of symbols with standard meanings
What is ethnography?
a systematic study of a people or culture that is done from the perspective of those who live it
In Miner's article, what is the "witch-doctor" that listens to one's troubles and corrects a bewitching?
a therapist
What is embodiment?
a way of experiencing through the body
What is intersectionality?
a way of explaining how multiple identities overlap and lead to specific forms of marginalization
What is thick description?
an interpretation of the meaning behind human behavior
Stone money was used on Yap in all of the following circumstances EXCEPT...
as money to buy everyday provisions.
The color we now call _______ was once subsumed by older words for black or for green.
blue
Japan's tactile pavement, or Tenji blocks, is an example of the_______ model of disability in practice.
social
When we ask deep and hard questions about our own biases and assumptions, when we see big to understand where they come from, and when we see small to understand how they shape our everyday lives, we are then set free to re-imagine them in an exercise of what philosopher Maxine Greene has called the ________.
social imagination
The Amritsar massacre turned many hearts and minds around the world and within India against the British. In this way, the British lost...
soft power
The ability to persuade and influence others through powers of appeal and attraction, such as through art, is known as_______.
soft power
Referring to gender as "performative" means that it is...
something we must constantly enact.
When Gandhi started making his own clothes and convincing millions of Indians to do the same, he was attacking the British's...
structural power
_________ has the ability to "render some kinds of behavior possible, while making others less possible."
structural power
Who are "la migra?"
immigration police
Blocking people of color from accessing the goods, services, and opportunities of society is called ________.
institutional racism
The field of study field that focuses on the linkages between political-economic power, social inequality, and ecological destruction is called__________.
political ecology
In what way(s) is race real?
politically and culturally
The core idea of Gandhi's revolutionary idea of power was that...
power is not "held" by the powerful but "given" by those who are not in power.
Mauss's techniques of the body combine all of the following elements EXCEPT:
race
Economic exchanges that are intended to distribute a society's wealth in a different way than exists at present are called ______.
redistributive exchanges
What is the ultimate purpose of the DREAM Act?
to provide a pathway to legal status for undocumented youth who came to this country as children
What is the purpose of the Undocumented Migration Project?
to raise awareness of a highly politicized yet highly secretive process by documenting its effects
What percent of humans were living in cultures that depended on hunting and gathering 15,000 years ago?
100%
Glencore's revenues are how much greater than the entire Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of Zambia?
10x
About how many minutes per week did our ancestors move?
3000
In Talking Black in America, linguist Arthur Spears estimates that what percent of African Americans speaks "some form of African American English?"
90 percent
What percentage of people in the world were farming in the year 1700?
90%
How many hours per week do foragers work?
15-20 hours
When Sinisa Milovanovic, a refugee from the former Yugoslavia, and his wife moved to Fargo, what were they surprised to find?
houses decorated with Christmas lights
A mismatch disease is the result of a mismatch between...
how we have evolved and the environments we now inhabit.
What is anthropology the study of?
human diversity
The idea that culture and biology are thoroughly intertwined in how we make sense of our bodies is called_______.
local biologies
The "conduit metaphor" in which we think of ideas as objects and words as containers for those ideas dominates how we talk and think about language. How does it shape our education system?
- "Common sense" tells us that the teacher's job is to put ideas into words and send them to the students. - Classrooms are built to allow the teacher to "convey" ideas to the students. - The mind itself is seen as a "container" that needs to be filled up.
Where was the T-shirt that Planet Money tracked made?
- The cotton came from a farm in Mississippi. - The yarn and fabric were made from the cotton in Indonesia. - The fabric was sewn into a T-shirt in Bangladesh. - The finished T-shirt was shipped to Miami for distribution.
Which of the following strategies have Marshallese used to produce food while taking local ecological conditions into account?
- trade with other Polynesian and Micronesian islands - designating certain areas as "off limits" except for specific times of year - growing tubers in "humidity pockets"
According to some scientists, rising sea levels could make the Marshall Islands uninhabitable as soon as the year...
2030
What is the kula?
A system of exchange among the Trobriand Islanders involving two specific objects.
Which of the following is NOT one of Malinowski's common characteristics of families? a) Couples enjoy primarily monogamous relationships. b) Families clearly distinguish between insiders and outsiders. c) Family members demonstrate affection toward one another. d) Family members share a common location, such as home or hearth.
Couples enjoy primarily monogamous relationships.
Different cultures use different kinship terminology systems. What cultural group has a system that uses the same word for "mother" as for "aunt?"
Hawaiian
Which of the following best describes Malinowski's daily activities in the Trobriand Islands?
He spent time watching and learning alongside the native population.
In the example of the tennis player given above, what happens when the tennis player feels pain?
He stops concentrating on his game and instead focuses on his body.
What main question do anthropologists ask?
How do we live together?
When Gandhi was arrested on the beach and put in jail, it is said, he was "delighted." Why do you think he might have been delighted to be put in jail?
It would raise awareness and elevate the soft power of his cause.
Which of the following is NOT a reason the Black Lives Matter social media campaign has been so successful compared to its digital predecessors?
Its key concepts are often difficult to grasp and to solve.
Why did the chemical plant employees whom Whorf observed smoke in the room with empty barrels?
Labeling the barrels "empty" made men forget any potential dangers.
How is love similar to addiction?
Love has a chemical profile similar to obsessive-compulsive disorder.
Why are Chhara and other denotified tribal members of India still considered criminals?
Over one hundred years of societal stigma has proven difficult to overcome.
What happened when Jill Bolte Taylor suffered a stroke at the age of 37?
She found peace in the quieting of her inner monologue.
According to the author, what is the worst effect of focusing on appearances as the main goal of exercising?
The body becomes alienated from us.
Why is hashtag activism crucial for certain populations?
These populations are more likely to get their news from social media rather than the mainstream media.
What might explain why countries with progressive views of gender have higher levels of gender difference when it comes to career choice, according to Maria Charles and Karen Bradley?
These same countries value and allow self-expression which can exaggerate the expression of stereotypes.
Why do Japanese students often say that "Japan has four seasons?"
They are pointing to Japan's attention to and celebration of the different seasons.
What was the purpose of Horace Miner's article about the Nacirema?
To force Americans to see the strange in the familiar
What is the core problem for humans according to philosophical Hinduism?
To recognize one's own divine nature and unity with the divine.
True or false: At one point, the overflow camp at Standing Rock was one of the largest communities in North Dakota.
True
True or false: Like gender, sex is partly a cultural construction.
True
"Deep hanging out" best describes...
a long-term, in-depth research experience.
What is naïve realism?
an assumption of similarity
In 1918, Ladies Home Journal assigned the color blue to ____ and pink to ____.
girls, boys
What are field jottings?
brief notes to jog your memory when you write up extensive field notes
Both the potlatch and the moka are examples of...
generalized reciprocity
According to biologist and gender studies scholar Anne Fausto-Sterling, there are at least how many different sexes?
five
Technological determinism is the idea that...
technology determines how we live, think, and act.
The idea that "languages differ essentially in what they must convey and not in what they may convey" is called...
the Boas-Jakobson principle
In the 2007 study of iPod production, the country that reaped most of the profit from the $299 retail price was...
the U.S.
What is redlining?
the systematic denial of various services by federal government agencies based on racism
What is environmental racism?
the targeting of poor communities of color to host facilities that have negative environmental impacts
In Japan's Takarazuka Revue, all of the acting roles are played by______.
women
What elements make up the superstructure of a culture?
worldview (ideas, ideals, beliefs, and values)
What is wrong with basing our understanding of other religions based on "what they believe?"
- Faith and belief are irrelevant for many people to their religion. - We end up defining other people's religions in ethnocentric terms. - There is no word for "belief" in many languages. - Religious life permeates many cultures and is not set apart as something separate known as "religion."
How do witchcraft beliefs make sense at the level of social structure?
- They encourage people to be kind to each other. - They encourage people to take care of their relationships in the absence of formal rules and laws. - They provide rituals for healing relationships that have soured.
How did the Indigenous resistance movements of the past influence the Standing Rock protestors?
- They set a precedent for different ways to effectively protest mistreatment by the U.S. government. - They showed Standing Rock protestors the dangers of bearing arms against the federal government.. - They demonstrated the disadvantages of allowing drugs and alcohol at sites of occupations and protests. - They showed that social movements can bring national attention to Indigenous causes.
How are witchcraft beliefs "ecological?"
- They tend to split villages as they grow too large. - Smaller spread-out villages are more likely to survive drought and famine. - They keep villages well within the carrying capacity of the land.
Which of the following is NOT an element of religion?
Blind faith in whatever proclamations a religious leader makes.
Why have Islam and Judaism taken a much more positive stance towards medically assisted reproduction than either Catholicism or other Christian denominations?
Both Islam and Judaism highly value scientific and medical achievements.
True or false: African slavery has existed since the beginning of the English colonies.
False
True or false: Being in debt is universally considered to be a moral problem that leads to conflict between creditor and debtor.
False
True or false: General purpose money has no moral dimension.
False
True or false: The Eskimo have hundreds of words for snow.
False
True or false: The Federal Reserve is part of the federal government.
False
True or false: Escaping contemporary ills by seeking out natural wonders dates back to the earliest days of America's founding.
Fasle
True or false: It is only with the invention of social media in the 21st century that social movements have begun to use media and technology to disseminate, escalate, and enlarge the scope of their struggles.
Fasle
True or false: Once the Standing Rock camps disbanded, tribal members ceased protesting the pipeline.
Fasle
True or false: Private security firm TigerSwan's use of attack dogs, pepper spray, and tear gas against the water protectors was in response to violent protests at the Standing Rock camps.
Fasle
The development of racial slavery was a move to...
separate the poor working classes so that they could no longer rebel against wealthy landowners.
The sudden interest in the alleged inferiority and superiority of different types of white people in the late 19th and early 20th centuries was caused by...
the massive influx of new European immigrants.
The Frankfurt School was known for theorizing which of the following?
the power of mass media and advertising to shape our norms, values, expectations, and behavior
What was the purpose of the "action" that occurred in Elizabeth, N.J., on International Human Rights Day of 2013?
to get arrested in order to raise awareness of the injustices of deportation
What happens when our bodies function as we expect them to?
We don't have to think about our bodies and can instead concentrate on the world around us.
Which of the following did NOT contribute to the Flint water crisis?
The Great Lakes contain 20 percent of the world's surface fresh water supply.
True or false: Systemic racism can exist even when the people running the system are not overtly prejudiced against black people.
True
True or false: The first Africans who arrived in Jamestown were assimilated into the colony like their English brethren.
True
Which of the following is NOT an example of code switching? a) Switching between Spanish and English in the same conversation b) Speaking formally to your boss and casually to your coworker c) Hiding a Southern drawl while traveling in Boston d) Using "Nihonglish" words in conversation
Using "Nihonglish" words in conversation
What is transhumanism?
a philosophy promoting the idea that humans can evolve to become more than they currently are
What is nativism?
a policy of protecting the interests of native-born or established inhabitants against those of immigrants
What is artivism?
a practice of using art to fight against injustice and oppression by any medium necessary
The idea that we must understand other people's ideas, ideals, assumptions, and beliefs relative to their own culture is called________.
cultural relativism
According to Judith Butler, gender identity is...
culturally constructed.
The attitudes, beliefs, values, and morals shared by the majority of the people in a given society is called the ______.
dominant ideology
Market economies emphasize...
economic gain
What elements make up the infrastructure of a culture?
economy (technologies, techniques, exchange and distribution systems)
Luhrmann argues that evangelical Christians' theory of mind allowed them to...
enjoy an interactive relationship with God
When one technology requires or strongly influences the adoption of other technologies, it is called ________.
entanglement
The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) defines ________ as the fair treatment and meaningful involvement of all people regardless of race, color, national origin, or income, with respect to the development, implementation, and enforcement of environmental laws, regulations, and policies.
environmental justice
Which of the following is "like a prison for the mind" in that it keeps us from exploring other beliefs, values, ideas, ideals, and assumptions as potentially useful or valid?
ethnocentrism
What is a humanitarian crisis?
events that represents a critical threat to the health, safety, security, or wellbeing of a community
According to sociologist Mark Carrigan, "the sexual assumption" in our society is the assumption that...
everyone has a sexual attraction to others.
True or false: Sex was not important to Western society until the 20th century.
false
True or false: There is one gene that determines our biological sex.
false
The United States could be described as a post-industrial participant in a global capitalist market economy. This would be a description of the USA's...
infrastructure
The system of organizing and conceptualizing a variety of interpersonal relationships in a society is called _____.
kinship
Which of the following is an example of tacit culture?
knowing how far apart to stand when speaking with a stranger
In today's global economy, one of the primary means of creating value is through...
knowledge and creativity
For the Kuuk Thaayore with whom Lera Boroditsky worked, time was not "locked on the body" but was rather "locked on the __."
landscape
Movements like "English Only," or the widespread use of "Mock Spanish" among otherwise monolingual Americans, are both examples of ________ at work.
language ideology
What are "techniques of the body?"
learned bodily actions that reflect certain aspects of a culture
A _______ is a means by which the exchange of goods and services takes place as a result of buyers and sellers being in contact with one another.
market
The opposite of high culture is...
mass culture
Postman coined the term "media ecology" as a way of studying the effects of how...
media become part of the environment all around us, transforming how we relate to one another in all aspects of life.
Defining the family as an institution that fulfills the functions of biological reproduction and childrearing excludes all of the following household arrangements EXCEPT... a) nuclear families b) grandparents as caregivers c) same-sex couples d) adoptive families
nuclear families
Which of the following is NOT an example of culture jamming?
painting a fake mustache on a photo of President-Elect Joe Biden
The web of institutional and cultural preferential treatment that its beneficiaries have done nothing to earn is known as _________.
privilege
Leave No Trace is...
a culturally specific way of interacting with the environment.
Why do people in this region of New Guinea believe that they "literally are their relationships?"
- All the food they eat comes to them through their relationships with others. - They are constantly reminded of the relationships that produce the food they eat. - The nutrients of the earth are made from the death and decay of plants animals and people that they have relationships with.
What does the story of Buddha and the mustard seed illustrate?
- Death is an essential element of life - We all must face similar trials and challenges in life.
What do the double arrows in the model of culture represent?
- Each element shapes and is shaped by the others. - Culture is integrated. - Culture is dynamic. - Change one thing and you change them all.
What is the benefit of re-thinking the metaphor behind the idea of "finding ourselves?"
- Experiences and failures can be seen as part of the process of "creating the self." - The idea of "finding yourself" overlooks our capacities to change. - The idea of "finding yourself" might mislead us into thinking that there is a solid core self to be found.
Why does historian William Cronon take issue with the ways we think about wilderness?
- He believes it creates a hierarchy in which some types of nature are seen as better than others. - He argues that it encourages us to erase the unseemly parts of our country's past. - He believes it makes us overlook the natural wonders in our everyday lives. - He argues that wilderness is a part of civilization rather than being separate from it.
Which of the following forces influenced the Honduran small farmers' decisions to destroy their own environment?
- Honduran government laws encourage the concentration of land in just a few hands. - The farmers felt intense pressure to produce high yields of cash crops. - The U.S. and the World Bank have pressured the Honduran government to pay back its debts.
What are some of the criticisms from anthropologists about Jared Diamond's "Guns, Germs, and Steel" argument?
- It focuses too much on technological advantages. - It overlooks the relationships and interconnections formed between societies after the first contact. - It is mainly an argument that works up until 1492 but does little to help us understand the past 500 years.
How might the art of seeing benefit us?
- It is the essence of learning. - It can help us build and maintain relationships. - It can help us to never be bored.
Why did Europeans not colonize much of Africa prior to the 1800s and then start the "scramble for Africa" in the late 1800s?
- Remote regions in Africa were difficult to conquer and settle for Europeans prior to the late 1800s. - The Industrial Revolution increased Europe's need for raw materials - The Industrial Revolution increased Europe's capacity to conquer and control remote lands.
In what ways does reproduction comprise a major organizing principle in the Middle East?
- Reproduction within marriage is considered a way to perpetuate the family lineage. - Reproduction within marriage is a way for parents to receive support in their old age. - Reproduction within marriage is a way for parents to receive help with family labor. - Reproduction within marriage is deemed a social obligation.
How can you practice "the art of seeing?"
- See your own seeing (seeing your assumptions and biases) - See big (see the larger social and cultural forces that shape our lives) - See small (pay attention to small details and their significance) - See it all (see how everything interacts with a holistic point of view)
What elements from this class did Gandhi live out throughout his life?
- Seeing big to see the structural forces creating his world. - Seeing small to understand how we can make the world through small actions - Living his way into a new way of thinking through his "experiments in truth." - Looking past his assumptions and trying to see the world with new eyes.
How does Lappé approach the question of why rich countries are rich and poor countries are poor?
- She argues that they do not belong to separate systems but to the same system. - She argues that the wealth of the "First World" is dependent on the poverty of the "Third World." - She argues that the "developing world" may be in a constant process of being "underdeveloped."
Which of the following statements about Balinese religion are true?
- Temples and shrines of various sizes permeate the landscape. - Rites at these temples and shrines are used to manage irrigation. - A complex system of three calendars is used to time festivals and manage irrigation. - The system maximizes yields while minimizing pests.
According to geographer Jared Diamond, what are the ultimate factors that enabled Europeans to colonize much of the world?
- The Eurasian landmass had 13 of the 14 large mammals that have ever been domesticated. - Running east to west along the same line of latitude allowed innovations to flow easily across Eurasia. - There was a massive exchange of innovations and ideas from Europe to China. - The Eurasian landmass had all of the major domesticated grains with the exception of corn.
What impact does the preference for arranged marriage have on how people grow up among the Tamil?
- The social category of "bachelor" is non-existent. - Youth do not spend a great deal of time worrying about dating. - Youth focus on attaining markers of social status and prestige. - College is for getting a degree rather than finding a potential mate.
Which of the following statements about trash are true?
- There is an island of trash in the Pacific made of plastic waste. - About 2.4 million pounds of plastic enters the Pacific Ocean every hour. - Just 1% of what we take from the earth is still in use six months later. - The average American produces 4.5 pounds of trash every day.
In what way might we say that witchcraft beliefs are "logical?"
- They are logically consistent with a worldview focused on relationships. - Witchcraft explains why someone is sick (not how). - No culture can offer a scientific explanation for "the big why" of death. Witchcraft is as logical as any explanation for "why" a specific person died.
Why do local activists in Gamboa require that any activity or tour in the neighborhood must have a political component to it?
- They are trying to change the public's opinion of their community. - They are always engaged in a struggle to defend their right to the land. - They are fighting against ongoing discrimination against their being poor and Black. - They want people to understand the vibrant arts and aquatics culture of their neighborhood.
How does Twitter's role in social movements differ from those of prior forms of media and technology?
- Twitter allows for unlimited numbers of perspectives; TV and radio are limited mainly to the journalists' perspectives. - Twitter creates a unique feeling of direction participation. - Twitter allows for participation in real time; TV and radio do not. - Twitter allows people from geographically distant areas to participate; TV and radio are limited to local participants.
Why is it better to think of ideas as pliable and conditional rather than fixed and absolute?
- We are more likely to play with them. - We are more likely to find new, creative uses for them. - We are more likely to remember them.
What happened as our neocortex expanded?
- We became less and less controlled by nature and more by culture. - We became less controlled by impulse and more by reason. - We became less controlled by instinct and more by habit.
What is wrong with indulging in supernormal stimuli too often?
- We become desensitized to dopamine. - Everyday pleasures seem bland and unsatisfying. - There is reduced activity in areas of the brain that control willpower. - It can start a vicious cycle of addictive behavior.
How does anthropology allow us to make better informed policy decisions in foreign cultures?
- We can see our assumptions about who is "modern" and who is "traditional." - We can see the details that allow us to understand the cultural situation - We are better able to empathize with the people involved.
What question might arise when we see how the people in this village choose to end basketball games?
- Why do we value competition (winning and losing) while they do not? - What role does our obsession with winning play in our development? - What advantages are there for favoring a tie rather than a winner?
Instead of "exercise," Katy Bowman recommends...
- a balanced diet of movement similar to our ancestors. - moving away from modern comforts like shoes and furniture. - replacing short drives with a nice walk or run. - walking on uneven ground.
What influenced the emergence of love marriage in the West?
- a weakening dependence on relationships and family after the Industrial Revolution - increasing freedom to make individualized choices - an increasing sense of anomie - an increasing sense of feeling lost and disconnected
Katy Bowman notes that we have several "diseases of captivity" like the floppy fin of captive killer whales. What elements of our environment might be limiting our exposure to the wild and leaving us with these "diseases of captivity?"
- beds and pillows - cars - counters and other furniture
Habits allow complex tasks to be controlled by the super-efficient "lizard brain" of the basal ganglia but not all habits are good. How can we change a bad habit?
- by understanding the three parts of the habit loop: cue => routine => reward - by recognizing that cues are mostly outside of our control but that we can still change our routine - by trying to understand the true reward we are seeking - by changing the environment to encourage better habits
Which of the following is an example of "supernormal stimuli?"
- doughnuts - pornography - cheeseburgers - video games
Which of the following are characteristics of this New Guinea culture?
- gift-giving - no formal or written laws - an understanding of themselves as intimately connected to other people and the world around them
Over the past 12,000 years, the trend has been toward...
- greater production and wealth - greater diversity of jobs - less efficiency - bigger impacts on the environment
The internet has been effectively used for...
- sharing critical information during times of crisis. - democratic uprisings and protests. - government surveillance. - replacing or competing with long-standing institutions like newspapers.
Which function(s) do initiation rituals serve?
- sociological - pedagogical - cosmological - mystical
The idea that language reflects reality is called...
- the Adamic view of language - naïve realism
Understanding structural power reminds us that...
- we are the structure. - the structure is what we make of it. - to participate or not to participate is not a choice. - how we participate is our most important choice.
What natural abilities have we lost by wearing shoes?
- weakening of muscles that hold up the arch - callouses and stronger soles - poor posture - lack of flexibility in over 100 muscles and 33 joints of the foot
Media forms (e.g., speaking face to face, smoke signals, television, radio, the internet, etc.) shape and sometimes even dictate...
- what can be said. - who can say what. - how it can be said. - who will hear it.
Although the perennial philosophy is meant to find the unity of all religions, Huxley notes there is a difference between the Abrahamic faiths of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam on the one hand, and Eastern traditions such as Hinduism and Buddhism on the other. What is the difference?
Abrahamic traditions emphasize creating a relationship with God, while Eastern traditions emphasize recognizing one's own divine essence.
Why were the Tiv appalled by Hamlet's decision to avenge his father?
Among the Tiv, only a father's age mates may avenge a father's death.
Which of the following would be an example of generalized reciprocity in the U.S. today?
Inviting friends over to your house for a home-cooked meal
What is the appeal of programs like Antiques Roadshow?
It allows regular people to tell their families' stories through their historical objects.
In what way was the GI Bill an affirmative action program?
It extended preferential treatment in hiring and housing loans only to white male veterans.
What did the 1982 Supreme Court case Plyer v. Doe guarantee?
It guaranteed any student the ability to enroll in public school, regardless of immigration status.
Which of the following describes the role of a central bank?
It has the power to produce and distribute money and credit for a nation.
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of culture?
It is biological.
How did the GI Bill expand notions of whiteness?
It stopped differentiating between "old" and "new" kinds of whiteness.
What is an armchair anthropologist?
Someone who studies foreign cultures by reading other people's accounts of them.
Why can't Marshall Island residents claim refugee status if they want to move to another country?
The legal category "refugee" applies only to people displaced by persecution.
How did some Native Americans justify their occupation of Alcatraz Island in the 1960s?
They cited the 1868 Treaty of Fort Laramie, which said unused federal lands could be open to claims by certain Native Americans.
Why do Flint residents continue to drink bottled water to this day?
They do not trust public officials.
In what way are all kinship ties fictive?
They don't just exist "out there" in the world but must be made and maintained.
Why did journalists like Chenjerai Kumanyika and Lulu Garcia-Navarro initially feel they had to change they way they spoke on the radio?
They had internalized society's bias against their usual ways of speaking as not being "professional."
Why does Aimee Meredith Cox call the young homeless women she works with "shapeshifters?"
They redefine the spaces and rules that hold them down.
How does Glencore avoid paying taxes in Zambia?
They sell the copper very cheaply to their own subsidiaries in Switzerland who then sell it at full market value.
Which of the following was NOT one of the reasons the Standing Rock Sioux Tribe opposed the Dakota Access Pipeline?
They were concerned it would take away economic opportunities from tribal members who wanted to start their own oil companies.
Why does anthropologist Marshall Sahlins refer to hunters and gatherers as "the original affluent society?"
They worked far fewer hours than we work today in order to acquire the material goods they needed.
Which of the following is NOT an example of the way that being part of a family creates a relationship between the individual and the state? a) The standard deduction allowed on the tax return is highest for married couples filing a joint return. b) The law determines who you can and cannot legally marry. c) Weddings are often officiated by clergy ordained by a religious organization to marry two people. d) Birth certificates serve as proof of an individual's age, citizenship status, and identity.
Weddings are often officiated by clergy ordained by a religious organization to marry two people.
What are the effects of companionate love on the brain?
a loving calm and sense of security from oxytocin in the brain
The assumption that disability is a tragedy demonstrate's society's ___ perspective on the body.
ableist
What caused women to rate their verbal abilities higher and math abilities lower in a study at American University?
adding a checkbox for gender to the form
Feminist scholars argued against Malinowski's definition of the family in all of the following ways EXCEPT...
by arguing that blood is always thicker than water.
For engaged/activist anthropologist Keisha-Khan Y. Perry, how do anthropologists become activists?
by writing about the issues that communities identify as mattering most to them
Products appear on shelves and our doorsteps as if by magic, revealing few hints at where they came from or the relationships that are necessary to create them. Philosopher Karl Marx called this________.
commodity fetishism
General purpose money differs from limited purpose money in that...
general purpose money can be used to buy almost anything.
Psychologist Erich Fromm argues that our cultural assumptions about love are misguided. According to Fromm, what should we focus on?
the act of loving
According to anthropologist David Graeber, which came first: the invention of money, or the creation of debt?
the creation of debt