ANTH Test #1 (1-4)

Which of the following is an example of induction? A) A star 'fell' from the sky, therefore all stars will eventually 'fall' from the sky. B) Light is bent by gravity, therefore stars are not actually where they appear. C) Geese prefer to lay their eggs in a warm climate, therefore they seek warmer climes in cold months. D) Sounds travels faster than light, therefore you hear thunder before you see lightening.

A) A star 'fell' from the sky, therefore all stars will eventually 'fall' from the sky.

How is cultural anthropology a scientific endeavor? A) Anthropologists can look for patterns, associations, and repetitions in societies and create hypotheses to explain behavior. B) Cultural anthropology is not scientific, only physical anthropology and archaeology are. C) In fieldwork anthropologists are able to manipulate test subjects to garner information about behavior under controlled circumstances. D) Some of these.

A) Anthropologists can look for patterns, associations, and repetitions in societies and create hypotheses to explain behavior.

Which of the following is NOT a concept of culture? A) Culture is genetic. B) Culture is learned. C) Culture involves concepts and assumptions. D) Culture is realized through artifacts.

A) Culture is genetic.

The definition of science is A) a method of inquiry that requires the generation, testing, and acceptance, or rejection of a hypotheses. B) educated guesses to explain natural phenomena. C) developing a general explanation from specific observations. D) studying stuff.

A) a method of inquiry that requires the generation, testing, and acceptance, or rejection of a hypotheses.

A collective interpretation of, and response to, the worlds in which a society of people live is called A) a worldview. B) culture. C) protoculture. D) humanity.

A) a worldview.

A gene pool consists of A) all the alleles in a population. B) spontaneous changes in the genetic code. C) strands of DNA in the nucleus of a cell. D) the exchange of genes among populations through interbreeding.

A) all the alleles in a population.

How could the Eskimos' relationships with animals be described? A) as local and personal B) as food and labor C) as friends and companions D) as food only

A) as local and personal

Which of the following anthropological disciplines study behaviors and technologies of current cultures? A) cultural anthropology B) biological anthropology C) linguistics D) archaeology

A) cultural anthropology

What sets humans apart from all other living creatures? A) cultural behavior B) thumbs C) tool use D) all the above

A) cultural behavior

A description of a cultural system based on fieldwork within the culture is: A) ethnography B) pseudoscience C) material observation D) behavioral observation

A) ethnography

A theory A) is a general idea that explains a large set of factual patterns. B) is an educated guess. C) can never be disproved. D) is always the first step in the scientific method of inquiry.

A) is a general idea that explains a large set of factual patterns.

Linguistic anthropologists study A) language. B) langurs. C) linguine. D) lineage.

A) language

The portion of the brain involved with emotion is the A) limbic system. B) R-complex. C) neocortex. D) corpus callosum.

A) limbic system.

Which anthropological subfield would be most interested in fingerprints as they relate to genetic variation? A) physical anthropology B) archaeology C) cultural anthropology D) linguistic anthropology

A) physical anthropology

If an organism reproduces asexually it A) reproduces without sex. B) reproduces with a partner. C) reproduces by mutating. D) reproduces in a moist environment.

A) reproduces without sex.

The evolution of a new species is called A) speciation. B) specialization. C) natural selection. D) gene flow.

A) speciation.

Historical archaeology A) studies a society that has written records. B) studies a society that does not have written records. C) tries to understand ancient skills and technologies by reproducing them. D) applies anthropology to legal matters, usually with reference to identifying skeletal remains and cause/time of death.

A) studies a society that has written records.

Weaver ants build nests because A) their instincts tell them to. B) their culture tells them to. C) they need protection from the sun. D) the labor union requires them to.

A) their instincts tell them to.

The idea of inheritance of acquired characteristics purports that A) traits acquired during an organism's lifetime can be passed on to its offspring. B) the biblical creation of the earth began on October 23, in the year 4004 B.C. C) evolutionary changes are based on the differential reproductive success of individuals within a species. D) living things are "fixed" both in terms of their appearance and the number of existing kinds of organisms.

A) traits acquired during an organism's lifetime can be passed on to its offspring.

Why did Darwin put off publishing his theories on the transmutations of species? A) Wallace threatened to sue him. B) Darwin feared that science and society were not ready for his explanation. C) Darwin was stranded on the Galapagos Islands when Fletcher Christian led a mutiny aboard the H.M.S. Beagle. D) Darwin thought Lamarck's ideas were better.

B) Darwin feared that science and society were not ready for his explanation.

Which of the following statements about fieldwork is false? A) Fieldwork is always conducted outside of one's own environment. B) Fieldwork is the data-collecting and hypothesis-testing aspect of anthropology. C) All subfields of anthropology conduct fieldwork. D) Fieldwork requires an anthropologist to recognize his/her biases.

B) Fieldwork is the data-collecting and hypothesis-testing aspect of anthropology.

According to Archbishop James Ussher how old is the earth? A) Less than 3,000 years old. B) Less than 6,000 years old. C) More than 7,000 years old. D) More than 10,000 years old.

B) Less than 6,000 years old.

Which of the following is an example of deduction? A) A star 'fell' from the sky, therefore all stars will eventually 'fall' from the sky. B) Light is bent by gravity, therefore stars are not actually where they appear. C) The gorilla Coco loves bananas, therefore all gorillas love bananas. D) Canada geese fly south for the winter; therefore all birds seek warmer climes in cold months.

B) Light is bent by gravity, therefore stars are not actually where they appear.

The oldest part of the brain that deals with basic self-preservation functions is the A) limbic system. B) R-complex. C) neocortex. D) corpus callosum.

B) R-complex.

The Hippocratic oath is an example of A) scientific inquiry. B) a formalization of beliefs. C) an early insurance form. D) all of these.

B) a formalization of beliefs.

When an organism has physical traits and behaviors that allow it to survive in a particular environment we call it A) adopted. B) adapted. C) adulterated. D) adored.

B) adapted.

An artifact is A) anything that has been buried for a long time. B) any object that has been consciously manufactured. C) the remains of life-forms from the past. D) a layer of rock and soil under the surface of the earth.

B) any object that has been consciously manufactured.

Selection for reproductive success in plants and animals that is directed by humans is called A) stabilizing selection. B) artificial selection. C) directional selection. D) mutation.

B) artificial selection.

Which category of data collection relates to human anatomy, genetics, and physiology? A) behavioral observation B) biological observation C) biological communication D) direct communication

B) biological observation

The Hutterites live in colonies of around 100 people. These colonies are called A) sects. B) bruderhofs. C) cultures. D) holistic.

B) bruderhofs.

Belief systems A) are tested on a scientific level. B) cannot be tested scientifically. C) are inherently fallible. D) are not culture specific.

B) cannot be tested scientifically.

When conducting fieldwork an anthropologist must describe another society from its point of view, without imposing his/her own values. This is called A) subjective study. B) cultural relativity. C) scientific method. D) acculturation.

B) cultural relativity.

Gregor Mendel is famous for A) discovering DNA. B) describing the basic laws of inheritance. C) the theory of natural selection. D) gardening.

B) describing the basic laws of inheritance.

A natural object used as a tool but not modified is an A) artifact. B) ecofact. C) artifice. D) edifice.

B) ecofact.

The study of gravestones would fall under which subfield of archaeology? A) prehistorical archaeology B) historical archaeology C) forensic anthropology D) experimental archaeology

B) historical archaeology

A group of people with a long history in a particular area are called A) polygynous. B) indigenous. C) idiosyncratic. D) lazy.

B) indigenous.

A religion that recognizes a single supernatural being is: A) polytheistic B) monotheistic C) theocratic D) agnostic

B) monotheistic

A form of data collection that requires an anthropologist to participate in the cultural activities of a group they are studying is called A) biological observation B) participant-observation C) direct communication D) behavioral observation

B) participant-observation

The actual process of conducting scientific inquiry is called the A) diffusion technique. B) scientific method. C) deduction process. D) induction reasoning.

B) scientific method

The process of developing a general explanation from specific observation is the definition of which term? A) diffusion B) scientific method C) deduction D) induction

B) scientific method.

Which of the following subjects is a biological anthropologist least likely to study? A) genetics B) the nature of culture C) the fossil record D) primates

B) the nature of culture

In the example of the "necktie" in the text what does the necktie symbolize? A) the gender of the individual. B) the status of the individual. C) the cultural origins of the individual. D) the health of the individual.

B) the status of the individual.

The Hutterites are an excellent source for genetic studies because A) they are almost completely isolated from urban environments. B) they are almost completely isolated in genetic terms. C) they speak English. D) they only allow marriage to individuals who are outside of their communities.

B) they are almost completely isolated in genetic terms.

Which of the following is NOT testable? A) The social interaction of students in a classroom B) Bird behavior C) The existence of God D) Fossil identification

C) The existence of God

Which is not an example of a pseudoscience? A) palmistry B) astrology C) anthropology D) telepathy

C) anthropology

Which anthropological field would be most interested in a culture's garbage? A) physical anthropology B) biological anthropology C) archaeology D) linguistics

C) archaeology

Which anthropological subfield studies cultures that no longer exist? A) physical anthropology B) cultural anthropology C) archaeology D) forensic anthropology

C) archaeology

Our major mechanism for coping with basic biological needs is A) instinct. B) troop dynamics. C) culture. D) altruism. 10

C) culture.

Interpreting archaeological data through the observation of activities in existing societies is A) ethology. B) ethnocentrism. C) ethnographic analogy. D) ethnology.

C) ethnographic analogy.

A subfield of anthropology that is usually involved in identifying skeletal remains and assessing the time and cause of death is: A) ethnographic analogy B) historical archaeology C) forensic anthropology D) experimental archaeology

C) forensic anthropology

The process by which genetic differences accumulate between populations that have been separated over time is called A) mutation. B) gene flow. C) founder effect. D) chromosomes.

C) founder effect.

Protocultural behavior is A) the first cultural behavior ever seen. B) having all the characteristics of a cultural behavior. C) having most but not all of the characteristics of a cultural behavior. D) behavior that is genetic.

C) having most but not all of the characteristics of a cultural behavior.

Which of the following terms best describes anthropology? A) inclusive B) exclusive C) holistic D) restrictive

C) holistic

The neocortex A) is the primitive portion of the brain involved in self-preservation. B) is the portion of the brain involved in emotions. C) is the portion of the brain involved in conscious thought. D) is a large fiber tract that connects the hemispheres of the brain.

C) is the portion of the brain involved in conscious thought.

Much of what archaeologists know about past peoples comes from studying their A) bones. B) art work. C) material artifacts. D) genes.

C) material artifacts.

What is the raw material of evolution? A) environmental changes B) gene flow C) mutations D) artificial selection

C) mutations

A niche is A) from the Greek term meaning "house." B) a specific set of environmental relationships. C) the environment of an organism and its adaptive response to that environment. D) an irritation in the skin.

C) the environment of an organism and its adaptive response to that environment.

Which of the following statements is true about Science? A) Once a theory is created no further testing is required. B) It studies only visible, tangible, present-day things. C) It deals only with facts. D) A hypothesis is accepted until it is proven incorrect.

D) A hypothesis is accepted until it is proven incorrect.

Uniformitarianism is: A) the idea that present-day geological processes can also explain the history of the earth B) can be applied to biological change C) was first coined by Comte de Buffon D) All of the Above

D) All of the Above

Anthropologists have responsibilities when studying other cultures. Which of the following is one such obligation? A) The responsibility to treat and respect field subjects as equals. B) The responsibility to not withhold useful knowledge. C) The responsibility to study field subjects objectively. D) All of these

D) All of these

Which of the following behaviors in chimps is considered cultural? A) Chimps grooming each other. B) Chimps engaging in sexual activity. C) Chimps fishing for termites with a twig. D) All of these.

D) All of these.

Which of the following is a feature of the inheritance of acquired characteristics? A) Species can develop new organs. B) Evolution is always working toward producing more complex forms. C) There is no extinction of species. D) All of these.

D) All of these.

Which of the following is doing anthropology? A) Examining ancient paintings in a cave in France. B) Weighing children in Kenya as part of an effort to improve health and nutrition. C) Collecting data about settlement patterns of the Yanomamö. D) All of these.

D) All of these.

Which of the following is true about anthropological fieldwork? A) Basic observations are made. B) Data is collected. C) Ideas about humans are tested. D) All of these.

D) All of these.

Why do anthropologists study culture? A) To understand their own behavior B) To understand the behavior of others. C) To make educated predictions that might help us cope with the changes and challenges of the modern world. D) All of these.

D) All of these.

How do belief systems differ from science? A) Science is irrefutable, and belief systems are not. B) Belief systems are irrefutable, and science is not. C) Belief systems are culture specific, and science is not. D) Belief systems are not testable, and science is.

D) Belief systems are not testable, and science is.

Which of the following statements is false? A) Physical anthropology is another name for biological anthropology. B) Despite all precautions, anthropologists can be involved in controversy. C) Anthropologists have a responsibility to speak out against morally unacceptable practices. D) Fieldwork is only conducted in exotic cultures.

D) Fieldwork is only conducted in exotic cultures.

Who is responsible for the idea of the inheritance of acquired characteristics? A) James Ussher B) Charles Robert Darwin C) Stephen Jay Gould D) Jean Baptiste de Lamarck

D) Jean Baptiste de Lamarck

The earliest evidence for plant domestication comes from A) Southwest Asia. B) Europe. C) Antarctica. D) South America.

D) South America.

What is the common thread of all anthropological subfields? A) The study of evolution. B) To answer questions about culture. C) The study of prehistorical societies. D) To answer questions about the human species.

D) To answer questions about the human species.

What determines how genetically similar any two species are to each other? A) how far back in time did the species have a common ancestor B) what characteristics are shared between the species C) what climate the species are adapted to D) all of these

D) all of these

Which of the following can be a factor in the rise of a new species? A) changing environment B) populations moving C) populations splitting D) all of these

D) all of these

Artifacts A) help meet basic environmental needs. B) implement and reflect cultural ideas. C) can be symbols as well as practical tools. D) all of these. 13

D) all of these.

The author had to overcome the Hutterites initial reluctance to cooperate with his study. He did this by A) overpowering them with his superior technology. B) converting to their religion. C) milking their cows. D) assuring the Hutterites that he was a scientist and would present their culture accurately

D) assuring the Hutterites that he was a scientist and would present their culture accurately

Material observation is best described as A) collecting and analyzing data on human anatomy B) collecting and observing behavior and how organisms adapt to their environment C) collecting information on belief systems D) collecting information about objects and settings

D) collecting information about objects and settings

The science that studies the network of relationships within environmental systems is called A) physical anthropology. B) stratigraphy. C) fission. D) ecology.

D) ecology.

Genetic drift is A) natural selection for new adaptations in response to changing environmental conditions. B) the evolution of a new species. C) the exchange of genes among populations through interbreeding. D) genetic change based on random changes within a species' gene pool.

D) genetic change based on random changes within a species' gene pool.

A proposed explanation for a natural phenomena is called a A) science. B) induction. C) deduction. D) hypothesis.

D) hypothesis.

What does "double sibship" marriage mean among the Hutterites? A) marriage between brother and sister. B) marriage between cousins C) marriage between two related siblings to two of their other siblings. D) marriage between two related brothers in one family to two related sisters in another.

D) marriage between two related brothers in one family to two related sisters in another.

An environmental factor that causes genetic mutations is called a A) metamorphosis. B) fission. C) macromutation. D) mutagen.

D) mutagen.