ANTHRO FINAL
The concept that people have images, knowledge, and concepts of the physical landscape that affect how they will actually interact with it is called... a) A cultural landscape b) An ecosystem c) A subsistence strategy d) A metaphor
a) A cultural landscape
In contemporary ethnography, anthropologists often provide a description of a "foreign word" and then adopt it. This action is known as... a) A gloss b) Reflection c) Emic d) The Hawthrone effect
a) A gloss
Linguists refer to mixed languages with a simplified grammar that people rarely learn as a mother tongue as... a) A pidgin language b) A creole language c) Language ideology d) Slang
a) A pidgin language
A society with no governmental head or hierarchical structure is a/an... a) Acephalous b) Age-grade c) Chiefdom d) Structural/functional
a) Acephalous
According to the text, the study of human beings, their biology, their pre-prehistory and histories, and their changing languages, cultures, and social institutions is... a) Anthropology b) Inherited c) Human biology d) A product of individual psychology
a) Anthropology
How does the Akanksha clinic encourage surrogates to view their womb? a) As a spare room available for rent b) As a symbol of attachment to fetus c) As a pile of cash ripe for exploration d) An an opportunity for immigration to the west
a) As a spare room available for rent
Typically friendships are based on similarities but in the case of compadrazgo in Bolivia is often used to... a) Assure labor availability of patrons and pay for school needs of zafreros b) Enforce Indian enslavement on sugar cane plantations c) Perpetuate circumcision rituals into future generations of youth d) Allow comadres share everything to survive without the support of fathers
a) Assure labor availability of patrons and pay for school needs of zafreros
Foraging groups typically have what type of political organization? a) Band b) State c) Big Men d) Chiefdom
a) Band
Cultural anthropologists do research by... a) Building trusting relationships with people over a long period of time b) Gathering data to produce statistical models c) Focusing on single dimensions of people's lives d) All of the above
a) Building trusting relationships with people over a long period of time
Among poor urban mothers in 'Alto Cruziero' Brazil, mother-infant bonding occurs only after the baby has... a) Demonstrated a strong chance of survival b) Begun walking c) Become an angel d) Been discharged from the hospital
a) Demonstrated a strong chance of survival
Induced abortion and infanticide are more likely to be used to control fertility in a ____________ society than in an industrial society. a) Foraging b) Agricultural c) Hutterite d) Nomadic Bedouin
a) Foraging
What mode of production have humans used to meet their needs for over 90% of human evolution? a) Foraging b) Pastoralism c) Industrialism d) Agriculture
a) Foraging
Which mode of production holds reciprocity and sharing in the highest regard, often going as far as punishing those who do not consistently share? a) Foraging b) Horticulture c) Industrialism d) Pastoralism
a) Foraging
The original affluent society referred to observations of leisure time among... a) Foraging bands b) Post industrial bands c) The first agriculturalist d) The first industrialist
a) Foraging bands
When parents share food with their children it is a form of... a) Generalized reciprocity b) Balanced reciprocity c) Negative reciprocity d) All of the above
a) Generalized reciprocity
When Willson defines and adopts the term "nega" in her ethnography she communicates something more than "black", this strategy in ethnography is known as... a) Gloss b) Reflection c) Emic d) Ethnocentrism
a) Gloss
The perspective that aims to identify and understand cultures in the entirety is called... a) Holistic b) Structural c) Symbolic d) Semiotic
a) Holistic
The Apple v.s. Samsung case addresses a conflict over... a) Intellectual property and the use of patented technology b) Workers rights at the Foxcom factory c) The precedence of WTO rulings in U.S. v.s. Korean courts d) All of the above
a) Intellectual property and the use of patented technology
When anthropologists aimed to understand the sequence of events in the lives of women who were HCV positive, engaged in the sale of sex and potentially using injection drugs, they applied which methodology... a) Life history interviews b) Focus group interviews c) Survey d) Medical records review
a) Life history interviews
An important ethical concern for anthropologists using participant observation to establish rapport is to... a) Remind their informants that they are collecting data b) Protect the ethnographic data c) Protect the community at large d) Protect themselves
a) Remind their informants that they are collecting data
An example of work that usually fits into the category of the informal sector is... a) Sex worker b) Social worker c) Mailroom worker d) Professional basketball player
a) Sex worker
A major problem with using foreign labor in agriculture is that they do not have the same legal protections that citizens have. a) True b) False
a) True
A set of rules established by some formal authority is law. a) True b) False
a) True
Anthropologists agree that, in addition to prejudice and discrimination, unearned privilege upholds social inequality. a) True b) False
a) True
Chief Andres was responsible for the wellbeing of his community therefore many families were primarily interested in whether or not he had approved the research when completing their informed consent to participate in research. a) True b) False
a) True
Forager society tends to use humor to enforce norms. a) True b) False
a) True
In Bali, agricultural workers are brought in from Java in similar status as Chines laborers in Malaysia or Mexican laborers in the U.S., a significant difference however is that Balinese and Javanese people share a nationality. a) True b) False
a) True
Nature and nurture are common shorthand terms for the biological and cultural influences on our behavior. a) True b) False
a) True
One strategy from the lecture for deconstructing racism is to begin to judge your own behavior based on your own values and in this way replacing ascribed status with achieved status for the allocation of entitlements and privilege. a) True b) False
a) True
Open-ended questions encourage informants to talk about what they find particularly meaningful a) True b) False
a) True
Privileged members of a society are usually ____________ their privilege. a) Un-aware of b) Burdened by c) Consciously promoting d) All of the above
a) Un-aware of
Long distance trade a) likely originated when transhumant pastoral populations recognized that resources could be transported in their movements in search of pastures and water b) Led to the cyclical diffusion of innovations between forager groups c) Caused the green revolution to fail to increase agricultural yields d) All of the above
a) likely originated when transhumant pastoral populations recognized that resources could be transported in their movements in search of pastures and water
The saying "when the tide is out, the table is set" suggests... a) Many wild foods can be farmed in coastal environments b) A diversity of foods exist on Northwest Coast beaches c) Foodways are centered on local timetables such as tidal variation d) Pastoral populations should trade with coastal populations during times of seasonal abundance
b) A diversity of foods exist on Northwest Coast beaches
Food security refers to... a) Protecting food from contamination b) Access to sufficient nutritious food to be healthy and active c) Government subsidies to agriculture to ensure a steady food supply d) None of the above
b) Access to sufficient nutritious food to be healthy and active
The use of Arabic script to phonetically transcribe the phones of Pular, or Wolof is... a) Griot b) Ajami c) Lingua Franca
b) Ajami
A CAFO is an efficient model of producing meat, it is based upon... a) Minimizing the environmental costs of farming b) Applying industrial efficiencies to the production of agricultural products c) Sustaining an organic standard for animal feeds d) All of the above
b) Applying industrial efficiencies to the production of agricultural products
The wearing of cultural symbols of power as Halloween costumes is considered... a) Heritage b) Appropriation c) Consumption d) Inherently cool
b) Appropriation
Caste is an example of... a) Achieved status b) Ascribed status
b) Ascribed status
The subfield of anthropology that would typically study, the relationship between primate social structure and diet is called... a) Cultural anthropology b) Biological anthropology c) Linguistic anthropology d) Archeology
b) Biological anthropology
Based on Lee's "Eating Christmas in the Kalahari", how could Lee have better predicted and understood the !Kung response to his ox? a) By collecting their folklore stories b) By sharing food with them over the year c) Using life history interviews d) By butchering it and eating it for Christmas dinner
b) By sharing food with them over the year
Infant formula... a) Can include DHA and other nutrients that optimize child development and reaction time b) Can optimize nutrients but cannot create antibodies specific to the child's environment c) Cannot be the soul substance of a 6 month old infant d) All of the above
b) Can optimize nutrients but cannot create antibodies specific to the child's environment
In many affluent parts of the U.S. and Brazil cesarean births constitute between 35 and 50% of all births, what is the position of WHO on this? a) Cesarean births are as safe as vaginal births b) Cesarean section rates over about 10% are elective and pose an increased risk to mother and newborn c) Cesarean births offer added convenience and should be encouraged where modern birth facilities are available d) Cesarean birth is a safe alternative to elective abortion
b) Cesarean section rates over about 10% are elective and pose an increased risk to mother and newborn
Unilineal descent systems... a) Are very rarely found today in the world b) Comprise the majority of the world's kinship designations c) Are found only among hunters and gatherers d) Are found today, but were not utilized in the past e) Are no longer used today in any society
b) Comprise the majority of the world's kinship designations
Of the human adaptive modalities discussed in lecture, which is the most rapid and plastic (ie displays plasticity)... a) Physiological b) Cultural c) Emergent d) Genetic
b) Cultural
Research committed to making social change and improving the lives of marginalized people is... a) Rapid appraisal b) Development anthropology c) Action anthropology d) Participant observation
b) Development anthropology
In Bourgois' ethnographic account of crack in Harlem he uses ___________ to help the reader understand the crack economy. a) Stories from his own experience as an addict b) Direct quotes from dealers, his personal stories, and an etic analysis c) Direct quotes from Harlem law enforcement personnel who work in substance abuse prevention d) Ethnohistorical accounts of the rising cost of real estate in New York
b) Direct quotes from dealers, his personal stories, and an etic analysis
The story of the Nacirema uses __________ typical in the ethnography of the day a) The emic approach b) Exotified language c) Satire d) Reflexivity
b) Exotified language
According to lecture, capitalism is likely based on the fact that if you defer consumption of a grain and instead plant it in the ground and care for it under an agricultural subsistence model it will yield the same number of seeds that you put in. a) True b) False
b) False
Based upon the reading by Patten, men in the Cewa community of Malawi had to change their cultural values regarding children, to improve child survival. a) True b) False
b) False
Chiefdoms are rarely hereditary a) True b) False
b) False
The Human Terrain System program of the U.S. military in Iraq and Afghanistan, was the first time anthropologists have assisted in international warfare. a) True b) False
b) False
The invention of the birth control pill marked the first time that women were able to control their fertility. a) True b) Flase
b) False
The use of money is a human universal. a) True b) False
b) False
When male and female ethnographers conduct fieldwork they enter into the same roles in the host culture so they usually make the same findings. a) True b) False
b) False
Dunbar's maximum size of a social network is related to group size among... a) Pastoral tribes b) Foraging bands c) Agricultural villages d) Industrial cities
b) Foraging bands
An anthropologist using the formalist theoretical approach to doing fieldwork in a supermarket would be most interested in... a) The geographic location and formal spatial layout of the supermarket b) How shoppers decide which cat food to buy when they have fifteen varieties to choose from c) The ways managers appropriate the labor of checkout clerks, butchers, and other workers d) The prestigious ways general-purpose money circulates in the store
b) How shoppers decide which cat food to buy when they have fifteen varieties to choose from
Western feminists and human rights activists have been effective at making female circumcision, or genital cutting, illegal in several countries where it was historically practiced, however anthropologists... a) Do not support these actions because they counter cultural traditions b) Identify the need to work with parents who control the choice to circumcise their daughters c) Are mainly concerned that legalization of female circumcision will control female libido d) Are confused by statements by Sudanese women who value this practice
b) Identify the need to work with parents who control the choice to circumcise their daughters
Systematic conversations with informants to collect data are called... a) Rapid appraisal b) Interviews c) Lingua franca d) Derivatives
b) Interviews
What large population in Northern Iraq and Eastern Turkey is a nation without a state? a) Turks b) Kurds c) Shiite d) Tajik
b) Kurds
__________ is objects that can be exchanged only for certain things. a) General-purpose money b) Limited-purpose money c) Cofradia d) Prestige
b) Limited-purpose money
Pastoralism persists today as a primary mode of subsistence mainly in ___________ landscapes. a) Marine b) Marginal c) River valley d) Aquatic
b) Marginal
From an anthropological perspective, the main reason Wall Street banks are not the bastions of individualism and cold rationalism many think they are is that... a) Bankers can be quite compassionate and donate money to many worthy causes b) Personal relationships and local knowledge are critical to successful transactions c) The government heavily regulates the decisions bankers make d) Certain bankers think more like Marxists than neoclassical economists
b) Personal relationships and local knowledge are critical to successful transactions
The idea that embraces dynamic culture change processes and the idea that the observer of cultural processes can never see culture completely objectively represent which theoretical orientation... a) Neo-evolutionism b) Post-structuralism or post-modernism c) Historical particularism d) Ethnocentrism
b) Post-structuralism or post-modernism
Cross culturally, the male transition to adulthood has more to do with _____________ than spermarche. a) Age sets b) Productivity c) Religious beliefs d) Fertility
b) Productivity
The USSR model of socialist agriculture... a) Led farmers to innovate to achieve a competitive market advantage b) Provided capital investments from the state c) Allowed food security even when a crop failed d) Is the most sustainable mode of subsistence
b) Provided capital investments from the state
____________ is a concept that organizes people into groups based on specific physical traits that are thought to reflect fundamental and innate differences. a) Clinal variation b) Race c) One drop rule d) Primordialism
b) Race
In a __________ you identify with each other but you may never meet. a) Primary social group b) Secondary social group c) Friendship d) Dalit
b) Secondary social group
Hierarchical relationships between different groups is known as... a) Cultural role b) Social stratification c) Power dynamic d) Political Economy
b) Social stratification
Applied anthropology by definition focuses upon... a) Human material remains b) Solving real world human problems c) Bio-behavioral variation anthropology d) Political economy
b) Solving real world human problems
The theoretical paradigm that emphasizes humans that are made up of complex biological, cultural, and psychological process is... a) Natural selection on variation b) The bio-cultural synthesis c) Genetic determinism d) Historical particularism
b) The bio-cultural synthesis
The text defines gender as... a) The biological differences in males and females b) The cultural expectations of how males and females should behave c) Universally-recognizable male agressiveness and female maternalism d) A continuum of biological sexual characteristics
b) The cultural expectations of how males and females should behave
Neuroplasticity is... a) The process of fetal brain growth b) The flexibility of the brain c) A type of brain disease d) The process of brain growth in nonhuman primates
b) The flexibility of the brain
In Wang's assessment of courtship and sex in rural China, ______________ was a significant but problematic transcript for sex. a) Parents b) Western pornography c) The communist state d) School programs
b) Western pornography
In the Oxfam article about arms and violence in Haiti, what sub population experienced the greatest suffering? a) Earthquake victims b) Women and Children c) The poor men d) The UN MINISTAH forces
b) Women and Children
When anthropologists studied Dogon menstrual huts they realized that natural fertility Dogon women have about ____________ number of total lifetime menstrual cycles as U.S. women? a) 4 times the b) 100 times the c) 1/4 the d) An equal
c) 1/4 the
When you are consuming an object, the process of taking possession of it is called... a) Gift exchange b) Surplus value c) Appropriation d) Exchange value
c) Appropriation
The phones /b/ and /p/... a) Are allophones of /m/ in the English language b) Are non pulmonic post alveolar click consonants c) Are bilabial plosives d) Are not phonemes
c) Are bilabial plosives
Dalits... a) Is a literacy program for urban sexworkers in South Asia b) Are the warrior caste among the Yanomami c) Are the most oppressed social category in India d) Are an example of an age set
c) Are the most oppressed social category in India
Why is menarche largely hidden in U.S. culture? a) Because menstrual blood can contaminate relationships with male peers and parents b) Because we need more farmhands c) Because early reproduction is costly under our industrial or post industrial mode of production
c) Because early reproduction is costly under our industrial or post industrial mode of production
Remittances are... a) International transfer of funds, often to family members b) A significant contribution to the Mexican economy c) Both of these
c) Both of these
A key difference between caste and social class is... a) Class divides people in terms of biological relatedness, caste in terms of social relatedness b) Class divides people in terms of moral purity, caste in socioeconomic terms c) Caste divides people in terms of moral purity, class in socioeconomic terms d) Caste and class are equally forms of achieved status
c) Caste divides people in terms of moral purity, class in socioeconomic terms
When capital is required for agricultural production, environmental variability in crop productivity (shocks) eventually lead to the ___________ of landholdings. a) Dispersal b) Improved fertility c) Concentrated ownership d) Long-term decreased productivity
c) Concentrated ownership
According to Westby, the ability to read "Between the lines" signifies what type of literacy? a) Basic Literacy b) Literacy c) Critical Literacy d) Dynamic Literacy
c) Critical Literacy
In the Oxfam article about arms and violence in Haiti, what would people on the street give up their guns in exchange for? a) Earthquake relief b) Free elections c) Economic opportunity d) The UN MINISTAH forces leaving
c) Economic opportunity
The Mayan Cofradia system converts labor, generosity, and money into... a) General purpose money b) Limited-purpose money c) Entitlements d) Potlatch
c) Entitlements
In anthropology, the detailed description of a single society based on fieldwork is called... a) Fieldwork b) Ethnology c) Ethnography d) The ecological fallacy
c) Ethnography
According to anthropologists, ___________ is the contemporary widening of scale of cross-cultural interactions owing to the rapid movement of money, people, goods, images, and ideas a) Nationalism b) Transnationalism c) Globalization d) Annexation
c) Globalization
Enculturation starts... a) Around initiation b) After two years old c) In infancy d) After puberty
c) In infancy
The knowledge about other people that emerges within the context of relationships is known as... a) Objection b) Subjective c) Intersubjective d) Ethnographic
c) Intersubjective
Modern corm or maize... a) Evolved in many parts of the world b) Is patented in most of its varieties c) Is a result of 9,000 years of seed selection d) Contains less sugar than its teosinte ancestor
c) Is a result of 9,000 years of seed selection
Why is Karl Polanyi's distinction between formal and substantive economics important? a) It explains why states control economies in Europe b) It distinguishes between primitive and capitalist economic systems c) It recognizes that economies involve both how people think about value and the actual transactions they engage in d) It laid the groundwork for the rise of Marxist theory in anthropology
c) It recognizes that economies involve both how people think about value and the actual transactions they engage in
A sense of being related to someone by descent, sharing or marriage is __________ a) Parenthood b) Genealogy c) Kinship d) Polyandry
c) Kinship
The ability to digest milk into adulthood is called... a) The global norm b) Nutritional transition c) Lactase persistance d) Lactational amenorrhea
c) Lactase persistence
The exchange of brass rods for the purchase of cattle or the payment of bride price in cattle is an example of the use of... a) Surplus value b) General-purpose money c) Limited-purpose money d) Exchange value
c) Limited-purpose money
The four fields of anthropology are cultural, biological, archaeology and... a) Ethnography b) Forensics c) Linguistics d) Paleoanthropology
c) Linguistics
Marx proposed that there are ___________ constraints on human agency. An example of this is the inheritance of wealth or property. a) Communist b) Collective c) Material d) Deductive
c) Material
When female nutritional anthropologists began working with the Ju/'hoansi, or !Kung San of the Kalahari they discovered that _____________ is the major source of dietary calories? a) Leafy greens b) Hunted meats c) Mongongo nuts
c) Mongongo nuts
____________ is an ideal unit in which national identity and political territory coincide. a) Nation b) Nation-building c) Nation-state d) Transformist hegemony
c) Nation-state
Ego refers to the... a) The part of a person's identity derived from their clan b) Oldest living relative on the father's side c) Person from whose point of view we are tracing kinship relationships d) Person who is drawing the kinship chart
c) Person from whose point of view we are tracing kinship relationships
When grandmothers distribute meat in a foreign community... a) Neighbor's children always eat first b) They usually give it to people they want to have sex with c) Pregnant and lactating women with the highest caloric demands most always get meat d) Everyone gets an equal proportion
c) Pregnant and lactating women with the highest caloric demands most always get meat
The example from one of our lectures where how close you are expected to stand to others while waiting in line varies between the U.S. and Taiwan is an example of... a) Pragmatics b) Semantics c) Proxemics d) ASL
c) Proxemics
The harmonious relationship and trust an anthropologist builds with research participants is known as... a) Rigor b) Induction c) Rapport d) An etic approach
c) Rapport
Social stratification can determine your role in society, each role is expected to follow a ____________ or a set of behaviors associated with that role. a) Chief b) Dalit c) Script d) Conscription
c) Script
Based on lecture, why may the woman at right be a preferred mate in the Omo Valley Ethiopia? a) Her headdress has been passed down for generations b) Her lip plate symbolizes that her marriage will require a small dowry c) She is innovative at attracting income from tourism d) Her appearance will discourage other men from stealing her
c) She is innovative at attracting income from tourism
Which economic theory was proposed by Polanyi to study the culture specific daily transactions that people engage in to get what they need and desire? a) Neoclassical economics b) Marxism c) Substantivism d) Cultural economics
c) Substantivism
Ethnographies that provide 'thick description' of culture are valued because they provide... a) An understanding of exotic cultures b) Documentation of cultures that will one day be lost c) Sufficient contextual detail for an understanding of culture d) All of the above
c) Sufficient contextual detail for an understanding of culture
In the short film "I'm Dalit" what did the girl aspiring to be a doctor learn in school? a) That manual scavenging was associated with disease b) That the Indian constitution guaranteed her equal rights c) That her caste was considered polluting to her peers d) All of the above
c) That her caste was considered polluting to her peers
Seventy-five percent of the sale price of a shirt produced in China goes to... a) Communist worker's salaries b) Factory operations and transportation costs c) The brand and retailer d) Taxes, tariffs, and other barriers to trade
c) The brand and retailer
When Rachel shared the story of her neckless with the class, it demonstrated... a) The fact that culture contains innate layers of symbolic meaning which do not require language for learning b) The physical substance of a necklace is altered when sybolic meaning is attributed to it c) The item has symbolic meaning socially constructed through storytelling which can be shared with the class d) All of these
c) The item has symbolic meaning socially constructed through storytelling which can be shared with the class
The word "anthropology" derives from the Greek anthropos and logos and literally means... a) The words of civilized peoples b) The evolution of man c) The study of humans d) Human biology and culture
c) The study of humans
The Hutterite groups of Canada and the U.S. have one of the highest fertility rates in the world because... a) They are polygynous b) Of lactational amenorrhea c) They supplement children with cow's milk d) They exclusively practice exogamy
c) They supplement children with cow's milk
The anthropological theory that proposed that cultures will progress through phases of savagery and barbarism ultimately becoming civilization is... a) Prescribed enculturation b) Proscribed enculturation c) Unilineal evolution d) Historical particularism
c) Unilineal evolution
Based on lecture what percent of U.S. agricultural labor was born in Mexico? a) 15% b) 25% c) 50% d) 75%
d) 75%
The Hijra of Hindu India exemplify... a) A gender role that tolerates a wider definition of gender than is found in our own society b) A gender role which defines masculinity more rigidly than our own society c) A gender role which defines masculinity and femininity almost identically d) A type of individual who has no sexual definition
d) A type of individual who has no sexual definition
A Navajo taco is... a) A result of commodity food programs b) A symbol of love and family c) Not a healthy food d) All of the above
d) All of the above
According to anthropologists, economies are shaped by which factors? a) The decisions people make b) Social relationships c) Culture and morality d) All of the above
d) All of the above
Contemporary foragers in South America tend to... a) Live along international borders b) Subsist in environments of rich biodiversity c) Engage in an extensive subsistence strategy d) All of the above
d) All of the above
Fieldwork involves... a) Learning the local language b) Becoming involved in people's lives c) Spending a significant amount of time in the field d) All of the above
d) All of the above
In Uganda, male circumcision is associated with... a) Age grades b) The transition to adult masculine roles c) Physical tests d) All of the above
d) All of the above
In Willson's text the story of Herns demonstrates that in Brazil... a) You only contaminate the pool if you are "black" black - if you are Brazilian black, not French black b) Racist people can use criteria other than skin color to judge others c) Changes in racist behavior that are based on the privileged people choosing to replace ascribed status with achieved status, is likely to be slow d) All of the above
d) All of the above
The themes of reciprocity and gift exchange are critical to anthropologists because... a) They are economically significant in market-based economies b) The exchange of gifts is the economy in many societies c) Reciprocity is deeply embedded in social relations d) All of the above
d) All of the above
Traditional ecological knowledge is not well known in the West because... a) It is often shared in local languages b) Some species and ecological interactions exist in only one place c) Westerners don't value this type of knowledge d) All of the above
d) All of the above
What is the type of information written in field notes? a) Personal feelings of the anthropologist b) Personal information about informants c) Confidential information d) All of the above
d) All of the above
When combine harvesters were introduced to Malaysian rice agriculture... a) Poor rural peasant farmers labor was not consistently needed on the larger farms b) Wealthier rural families were less likely to share rice with poorer families c) Urbanization occurred d) All of the above
d) All of the above
Which of the following is considered a "Weapon of the weak"? a) Foot dragging b) False compliance c) Defection d) All of the above
d) All of the above
Holism is useful in anthropology because... a) It was part of Tylor's 1871 definition of culture b) It conveys the idea that culture is highly complex c) Although it is impossible to truly achieve, it encourages anthropologists to investigate layers of socially constructed meaning d) All of these
d) All of these
Participant observation is a key element of anthropological fieldwork, how does it differ from "just hanging out"? a) It is a systematic research strategy b) Data is recorded c) Research relationships are strategic and political d) All of these
d) All of these
What factors led many Latino voters in California to support proposition 227? a) The feeling that their children benefited from an English education b) The experience that English proficiency was associated with economic opportunity c) The feeling that students should receive equal educational opportunity independent of mother tongue d) All of these
d) All of these
Anthropologist Sidney Mintz observes that most people around the world usually... a) Eat only plants b) Eat only animals c) Do not eat much dairy d) Eat a common patterned diet of core-legume-fringe foods
d) Eat a common patterned diet of core-legume-fringe foods
The outsiders view of culture is known as the... a) Relativism perspective b) Reflexive perspective c) Emic perspective d) Etic perspective
d) Etic perspective
Long-term, retributive violence such as headhunting and the Ilongot people is categorized as what type of social conflict? a) Genocide b) Non-violent conflict c) Banditry d) Feuding
d) Feuding
Ethnology... a) Is the same as ethnography b) Is not as effective as paritcipant observation c) Gives a narrow, micro, perspective d) Focuses on comparison of cultures for theoretical understanding
d) Focuses on comparison of cultures for theoretical understanding
Maintaining the fallow period is essential for the sustainability of which system of production? a) Agriculture b) Industrialism c) Foraging d) Horticulture e) Pastoralism
d) Horticulture
Why do foragers turn to agriculture? a) Because they are omnivores b) Foraging is too time-consuming c) Agriculture provides a better diet d) Increased population density causes too much competition for resources
d) Increased population density causes too much competition for resources
The biological term for the period of infertility during on-demand breast-feeding is... a) Unokai b) Latency c) Postpartum sex taboo d) Lactational amenorrhea
d) Lactational amenorrhea
A _____________ is a generally agreed upon standard for how people should interact. a) State b) Law c) Sharia d) Norm
d) Norm
The human diet is... a) Vegan b) Vegetarian c) Carnivorous d) Omnivorous
d) Omnivorous
The research method in cultural anthropology that relies on personal contact with people on an everyday basis in order to learn about their culture is called... a) The inductive method b) Life history c) The interview method d) Participant observation
d) Participant observation
The Tiv of Nigeria are said to practice which of the following subsistence strategies? a) Horticulture b) Foraging c) Agriculture d) Pastoralism
d) Pastoralism
In Pakistan and other middle eastern countries a common form of cousin marriage is... a) Polygamous patriarchy b) Matrilineal c) Legally incestuous d) Patrilateral parallel
d) Patrilateral parallel
Analyses that focus on the linkages between political-economic power, social inequality, and ecological destruction are typical of which approach? a) Demography b) Environmental anthropology c) Political economy d) Political ecology
d) Political ecology
What is the sociobiological explanation of the high rates of warfare among the Yanomami? a) A shortage of food causes populations to fight over quality garden plots b) High population density led to population pressure c) Contact with epidemic disease led populations to become increasingly hostile to outsiders and eventually other Yanomami d) Polygyny and female infanticide led to a shortage of females and fierce male warriors have increased breeding success
d) Polygyny and female infanticide led to a shortage of females and fierce male warriors have increased breeding success
An attitude of ethnocentrism toward another group... a) Encourages friendship and understanding b) Aids understanding between cultures c) Prevents doing ethnology d) Prevents understanding of other cultures
d) Prevents understanding of other cultures
Data gathered from personal interviews, observations, and oral histories is... a) Historical b) Methodological c) Quantitative d) Qualitative
d) Qualitative
Symbols are... a) Expressions of intrinsically desirable principles of qualities b) Typical patterns of behavior viewed as rules of how things should be done c) The most enduring and ritualized aspects of culture d) Something that conventionally stands for something else
d) Something that conventionally stands for something else
Critical cultural relativism asserts __________ a) That whatever goes on in a culture must not be questioned by outsiders b) That the etic explanation for culture practices is the best c) Universal human rights are more important than cultural expression d) That power differences between people who accept cultural practices should be used to understand cultures
d) That power differences between people who accept cultural practices should be used to understand cultures
According to the textbook, subsistence refers to... a) How people hunt and gather food b) Sustainable foodways c) The ways in which people make money d) The social relationships and practices necessary for procuring, producing, and distributing food
d) The social relationships and practices necessary for procuring, producing, and distributing food
In addition to the traditional five modes of production, I propose another category to capture... a) The mechanized labor that has transformed agriculture b) The foraging behavior of urban indigent populations c) The meatrix d) The trade in packages of information
d) The trade in packages of information
A good example of disguised discrimination is... a) When the police do racial profiling b) When a teacher divides their class into brown eyed and blue eyed groups c) When formal laws prevent certain social groups from being full citizens d) When shopkeepers or security guards follow black customers through stores
d) When shopkeepers or security guards follow black customers through stores