Anthro Inquisitive Exam 1

Racism without Racists (2010)

Critiques the current U.S. call for color-blindness and suggests that it perpetuates racial inequality.

Holly Barker

globalization and climate change in the Marshall Islands

Place the events of early European and Asian trade in chronological order.

1. Chinese traders established strong trade routes around the world 2. Europeans wanted access to Chinese commodities 3. China demanded gold as payment form European countries 4. European countries plundered the Americas for gold

The housing market collapse of the late 2000s revealed what can happen when capitalistic consumer culture goes too far. Place the events in the housing market collapse in chronological order.

1. Credit card limits maxed out 2. banks and mortgage companies encouraged homeowners to take out second mortgages 3. housing prices collapsed 4. millions of home were foreclosed

For centuries, explorers, missionaries, and others gave accounts of different cultures that they encountered around the world. Anthropologists continued this tradition with formalized approaches to data collection and analysis. Place the following descriptive accounts of other cultures in order from first to most recent.

1. Herodotus travels throughout Egypt, Persia, and the area now known as Ukraine 2. Marco Polo crosses from Italy to China on the silk route 3. Christopher Columbus arrives in the Americas 4. Julian Steward conducted fieldwork in Puerto Rico

physical anthropology

study of humans from a biological perspective

ethnography

the study and description of a community

establishing ethnographic authority

"My involvement with the people of the Alto do Cruzeiro now spans a quarter of a century and three generations of parenting."

Why should (or shouldn't) anthropologists experiment with different types of writing ethnography?

Anthropologists should be aware of their limits and biases, and explore different ways to tell a story more accurately

Applied anthropology is an approach within the discipline that more and more anthropologists are taking. Identify the correct definition of applied anthropology.

Applied anthropology refers to when anthropologists work outside of academia to address current world problems

Bronislaw Malinowski

Argonauts of the Western Pacific (1922)

Margaret Mead

Coming of Age in Samoa (1928)

Michel Foucault

Discipline and Punish (1977)

Who first defined the concept of culture and ascribed importance to anthropology?

Edward Tylor

What is the difference between kinship analysis and social network analysis?

Kinship analysis looks at marriage and family ties, while social network analysis examines relationships throughout the community

Identify the following examples as either norms or values.

Norms: Shaking hands in greeting, laws about smoking Values: Freedom of speech, equal economic opportunity for all

Barbara Myerhoff

Peyote Hunt (1974), Number Our Days (1978)

Culture and economics are closely linked to each other. What did Max Weber say about the connection (or lack thereof) between Protestantism and capitalism?

Protestant values led to the rise of capitalism in the West

agriculture

an intensive farming strategy for food production involving permanently cultivated land

Franz Boas

historical particularism

slash and burn agriculture

horticulture

Clifford Geertz

interpretivist approach

During the 1960s and 1970s, how was anthropology's role in colonialism viewed, and why?

negatively - for providing information to the military and depicting colonial subjects as unable to govern themselves

transhumance

pastoralism

Eric Garner was choked to death during his arrest

staten island, new york

Linguistic anthropology

study of human language, past and present

reciprocity

the exchange of resources, goods, and services among people of relatively equal status, which strengthens human bonds

Identify the main reason why the 1965 film The Battle of Algiers was not allowed to be screened in France until 2001.

the film depicted French troops in a negative light

Beginning in the 1400s, many European countries began colonial activities to further their economic power. Identify the correct definition of colonialism

the use of military, economic, and political power beyond a country's borders to enhance its global power

market exchange

the use of symbolic markers of value, such as money, to mediate exchanges

Anthropologists often use the term racisms in plural. What does this term refer to?

the variety of ways race has been constructed among people of different places

polyvocality

"Nailza's voice would range from tearful imploring to angry recrimination: 'Why did you leave me? Was your patron saint so greedy that she could not allow me one child on this earth?'"

pastoralism

a strategy for food production involving the herding and domestication of animals

Imagine it is the year 2400 and this garbage mound has been buried underground. Identify which type of anthropologist would study it.

Historical archaeologists

The colonial activities of a few countries during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries had drastic effects on many nonindustrial regions of the world. Identify who attended the Berlin Conference in 1884-1885 and what the effects of the conference were.

European nations attended and divided the African continent into fifty colonies

Anthropologists mainly study remote, isolated villages in developing countries.

FALSE

Cultural relativism requires anthropologists to defend the cultural practices of a specific group, even against their own sense of right and wrong.

FALSE

Edward Tylor

Primitive Culture (1871)

E.E. Evans-Pritchard

The Nuer (1940)

Franz Boas

U.S. immigration policies

use of machinery

agricultire

archaeology

analysis of the human past through the excavation and study of artifacts

Freddie Grey died in police costudy

baltimore, maryland

Identify the force that anthropologists of finance suggest is behind the global expansion of capitalism in the twenty-first century.

circulation of capital

Twelve-year-old Tamir Rice was killed at a playground

cleveland, ohio

Contemporary worldwide racism, and the notion of race itself, are historically rooted in which practice?

colonialism

Christopher Columbus's voyage to the Americas was the first to usher in a new era of global economic trade.

false

Audrey Richards

nutritional and women's issues of the Bemba people

anonymity

"the market town I call Bom Jesus de Mata"

Racism manifests itself in society in various ways. Identify the following as examples of individual or institutional racism.

- A white man shouts, "I hate blacks" and kills a black man. - A white woman protects her wallet when a black man sits next to her.

Identify the statements that describe anthropology

- Anthropology is the study of past and present human diversity and the application of that knowledge - Eighteenth and nineteenth century colonialism gave rise to the discipline

Economists Adam Smith and John Maynard Keynes contributed key yet opposing viewpoints on the ideal situation for capitalism to flourish. Identify whether the statements below apply to Smith's ideas or to Keynes's ideas.

- Capitalism works best when government is not involved. - This philosophy inspired the neoliberal economic worldview.

Identify possible reasons why it is difficult for people in the United States to acknowledge the continuing existence of racism.

- Color blindness is seen as a solution to racism in the United States. - People believe that mainstream U.S. society is a meritocracy.

Identify the examples of how rural populations are affected by globalization.

- Egyptians in rural areas watch Coca-Cola advertisements on television - Rural populations watch American sitcoms, like Seinfeld

A racial ideology is a set of ideas about race that justify and normalize discriminatory actions. Identify the situations shaped by racial ideologies.

- European settlers' beliefs that they had the right to "civilize" the American West - white colonists' beliefs that slavery was natural

A person's genetic makeup cannot be determined simply by phenotype (physical traits). Identify the reasons why racial stereotypes like "White Men Can't Jump" or "Asians Are Better at Math" do not have any biological basis.

- Genes that influence traits like intelligence and artistic abilities do not respond quickly to environmental pressures. - Genes that influence physical traits are not linked to any other genes.

Identify whether or not these reasons are why it is impossible to distinguish clear genetic boundaries between one human population and another.

- Humans have been exchanging genetic material for 200,000 years. - Human variation changes gradually in a geographic continuum. - Humans are 99.9 percent genetically the same.

Identify the reasons opponents of neoliberal policies give for their rejection of this philosophy.

- Neoliberalism promotes uneven development. - Neoliberalism fails to avert and alleviate economic crises.

Although the Dominican Republic and Haiti are two halves of the same island in the Caribbean, conceptions of race have historically been very different in each country, beginning with the landing of Christopher Columbus in 1492. These conceptions of race have influenced economic and other life opportunities that are available to individuals depending on which side of the island they were born. Identify whether the following statements apply to the Dominican Republic or Haiti.

- The majority of this country's population identify as Hispanic and speak Spanish. - This country participates actively in global economic trade, exporting various goods and increasing tourism revenues.

The first example of the term white can be traced to a public document written in Virginia in 1691. Identify the major ways in which white privilege was subsequently invented and reinforced in Virginia in the 1700s.

- Whites were counted as whole people in censuses. - Whites were given more legal privileges.

Neoliberalism has emerged as a guiding economic philosophy since the 1970s and has been promoted by large, worldwide institutions since the 1980s. Identify the actions that a neoliberal worldview supports.

- decrease in government spending - privatization of public services and assets

White supremacy refers to the belief that whites are biologically different and superior to people of other races. Identify which of the following practices have been enforced legally in the United States.

- denial of interracial marriage - counting slaves as fractions of people - segregation

In the 1980s and 1990s, global institutions promoted structural adjustment loans as key to stabilizing local economies. Identify the conditions that local governments had to comply with in order to receive structural adjustment loans.

- deregulate financial and labor markets - privatize state-owned enterprises

By the 1960s, anthropologists began to question the motives and effectiveness of traditional Western development strategies. Identify alternative strategies that anthropologists are using to alleviate global poverty.

- drawing on community and indigenous knowledge - establishing fair trade markets - deepening local involvement in economic and policy decisions

Low-income and minority communities are often subject to racial discrimination at the hands of local government policies and actions. However, in recent years, communities are fighting back and winning battles to protect and improve their neighborhoods. Identify the ways in which communities can be politically active for their own benefit.

- engage with public planning process - organize protests - create community associations

While the United States and Brazil are the largest multiracial countries in the Western Hemisphere, race has been treated differently in each country. Identify whether the following statements apply to Brazil or the United States.

- has barred interracial marriage - has applied the rule of hypodescent

Early evidence of the use of agriculture comes from the Fertile Crescent, but also from Pakistan's Indus River Valley, China's Yellow River Valley, Mexico, the American southwest, and the Andes region of South America. Identify the effects of agriculture on human society

- increased population - increased trade

Anthropologist Gillian Tett studied the financial services industry in the years before the 2008 crash. Identify the reasons she gives for the collapse of the financial services industry.

- lack of attention to culture and to the human effects of financial decisions - insular thinking

When industrial manufacturing centers were relocated in the 1970s and 1980s to countries where profits could be maximized, industrial cities like New York, London, and Tokyo reinvented themselves to stay relevant in the global economy. Identify the characteristics of these and other global cities.

- location in core nations - reliable power grids and communication systems - transportation networks

Identify the elements of culture.

- mental maps of reality - values - symbols - norms

When they first immigrated to the United States in the nineteenth century, Irish, Italian, and eastern European immigrants were seen as inferior and not "white". Today, these European groups are seen as white. Identify the possible ways that some people could move into a "higher" racial category.

- moving upward in social class - marrying someone of a "higher" race

In the late 1960s and 1970s, corporate strategies turned away from Fordism and toward the flexible accumulation model. Identify which of the following strategies are used in the flexible accumulation model and which are used in the Fordism model.

- offshoring - outsourcing

Identify the key threats to the future of humanity

- population growth - climate change - poverty

Modernization theories projected a certain trajectory for nonindustrialized nations once they gained their independence from their previous colonial rulers. Identify the shifts that modernization theories predicted would occur.

- poverty to wealth - kinship-based to contract-based social relations - agriculture to industry

Intersectionality studies the intersection of various factors that shape an individual's access to opportunities as well as societal patterns of stratification. Identify the major factors that are part of intersectionality.

- race - class - gender

Brown V Board of Education

- ruled that state-sponsored segregation in public schools was illegal - took place in 1954

Plessy v Ferguson

- ruled that state-sponsored segregation in public schools was legal - took place in 1896

Anthropologist JB Kwon studies racial dynamics and race relations and attended recent demonstrations in Ferguson, Missouri, to better understand the dynamics at work. Identify the main forces that Kwon suggests led to the events in Ferguson, Missouri.

- segregation - institutional racism

Identify the statements that best define the rule of hypodescent.

- that children of "mixed" marriages are automatically assigned to the "lower" racial category - that someone with any black ancestor is considered black

Racialization is the process of categorizing and attributing supposedly racial qualities to people based on perceived characteristics. Identify the examples of racialization.

- the creation of the category "Middle Eastern" as a race in the United States - European immigrants in the United States calling the Chinese immigrants "Yellow Peril"

Chinese immigrants first arrived in the United States in large numbers during the 1850s. Identify the ways those in the initial wave of Chinese immigrants experienced racial prejudices.

- they were called derogatory names - they had no legal standing in court

Identify examples of leveling mechanisms in the United States.

- use of taxpayer money to repair roads and bridges - use of taxpayer money to subsidize industrial farms - use of taxpayer money to bail out Wall Street firms in 2008

Historically, race relations in the United States have been primarily centered on white and black relations. Place the major events in this narrative in order from the first to the most recent account.

1. Whiteness is defined in a public document 2. the emancipation proclamation declares slavery illegal 3. the klu klux klan is founded 4. The supreme court overturns the legal prohibition of interracial marriage

Over time, humans slowly shifted their strategies for obtaining and growing food. Place the events in the history of food production techniques in chronological order.

1. all humans survived using food foraging techniques 2. plant cultivation, gardening, and animal herding developed 3. industrial agriculture was developed

Chinese restaurant workers migrate from rural China to work in inexpensive Chinese takeout restaurants that can be found in abundance across the United States. Imagine that you are one of these rural Chinese migrant workers. Place each step in the migration process you would undertake in chronological order.

1. cross the U.S. border with the help of a smuggler 2. visit an employment agency in New York City to find a job 3. take a long distance bus to a new job in a Chinese restaurant 4. work long hours for low pay

The Industrial Revolution refers to the eighteenth- and nineteenth-century shift from agriculture and artisanal skill craft to machine-based manufacturing. Place the events that took place before, during, and after the Industrial Revolution in chronological order.

1. in england, manufacturing systems were based in the home 2. the steam engine and other new forms of power generation were invented 3. railroads and ships transported workers and goods from rural to urban areas 4. industrial expansion caused intense competition for raw materials

Flow of greenhouse gases ending with the impact on people around the world

1. increasing temperatures 2. melting glaciers 3. rising sea levels 4. more environmental refugees

Place an anthropologist's preparations and strategies when undertaking fieldwork in a foreign area in order, starting with pre-fieldwork preparations.

1. learn the language, do a literature review, garner local and financial support 2. establish a rapport with key informants and others in the community 3. Map human relationships 4. analyze the data

The global tuna trade is a huge money-making venture, due to the Japanese people's desire for sushi and sashimi. Trace the lengthening tuna commodity chain to understand the interconnectedness of worldwide trade and commerce.

1. years of overfishing send fish populations off Japan's coast into decline 2. Japanese traders start buying fish caught in the North Atlantic 3. Tuna caught in the North Atlantic is sold at the Tsukiji Fish marked in Tokyo 4. North Atlantic fish is made into sushi for consumption in Japanese restaurants

Approximately how many years ago did modern Homo sapiens appear in Africa?

150,000

redistribution

Accumulated wealth is collected from the members of the group and reallocated in a different pattern.

Identify the name for the current epoch that scientists have started using to reflect the dramatic human impact on the Earth in recent history.

Anthropocene

nine people were killed in African Methodist Episcopal Church

Charleston, South Carolina

Black Corona (1998)

Chronicles an African American community's organized resistance of racially discriminating policies.

What does the presence of the McDo rice burger on the McDonald's menu in the Philippines suggest?

Global encounters can be modified to reflect local culture

Identify the correct definition of globalization.

Globalization refers to the increased movement and interaction of people, goods, ideas, and money worldwide

Living with Racism: The Black Middle-Class Experience (1994)

Investigates the experiences of African Americans who face racial discrimination despite their higher social class.

"White Privilege: Unpacking the Invisible Knapsack" (1989)

Lists and describes various ways whites receive preferential treatment throughout all aspects of life

Anthropologists Franz Boas and Holly Barker both worked in applied anthropology.

True

Identify the correct definition of economy.

a cultural adaptation that enables a group of humans to use land, resources, and labor to satisfy their needs

The Nacirema were described by Horace Miner in his famous article "Body Ritual among the Nacirema." Who were (or are) the Nacirema?

contemporary Americans

Art

convey their subjects' stories to an audience in meaningful ways

Identify the term that reflects the belief that one's own culture or way of life is normal, natural, or even superior to that of others. People who subscribe to this belief may use their culture as a basis to evaluate and judge the cultural ideas and practices of others.

ethnocentrism

Race is a biological concept rooted in genetic differences between people.

false

interpretivist approach

ignores power dynamics

Carrying capacity refers to the number of people who can be supported by the resources of the surrounding region. Identify whether the following adaptive strategies have high or low carrying capacities.

industrial agriculture

Identify the best definition of racism.

institutional patterns and policies as well as individuals thoughts and actions that create or reproduce unequal access to power, privilege, resources, and opportunities based on race

In the Dominican Republic, the government as well as many Dominicans enforce and express anti-Haitian and anti-black sentiments. However, there are certain groups that identify more closely with black Haitians. Identify this group of Dominicans and a way in which they do so.

lower-class Dominicans, by playing Bachata music

negative reciprocity

mortgage lenders offering loans with above-market interest rates and fees

White privilege refers to the benefits and opportunities that whites enjoy based solely on their skin color and perceived race. What does anthropologist Jane Gibson's study of low-income whites in Florida suggest about white privilege?

not all whites experience equal amounts of white priviledge

balanced reciprocity

paying for a round of coworkers' drinks

Identify the group of individuals that are the most genetically diverse.

penguins

cultural anthropology

study of people's everyday lives and their communities, rituals, and institutions

generalized reciprocity

taking a friend to the airport

ethnology

the analysis and comparison of ethnographic data across cultures

field notes

the anthropologists written observations and reflections on a community

horticulture

the cultivation of plants for subsistence through nonintensive use of land and labor

unilineal cultural evolution

theory that all cultures naturally evolve from simple to complex

Malaysia was one of the first export-processing zones in Southeast Asia. Many multinational corporations employ hundreds of thousands of Malaysian workers for cheap labor, many of which are young migrant workers known as Minah Karan. Why are these women stigmatized?

they mix with men and people from other classes

When the author of your textbook, cultural anthropologist Ken Guest, traveled to the remote village of Fuzhou, China, some villagers laughed and said: "Go back to New York! Most of our village is there already!" What does this anecdote illustrate?

time-space comprehension

unilinear cultural evolution

too general and racist

Edward Tylor

unilineal cultural evolution

Social science

adherence to defined techniques (participant observation, field notes, interviews, mapping, etc.)

What is the term for the intentionally designed features of human settlement, such as buildings and public spaces, transportation, and infrastructure?

built environment

Identify examples of how globalization has affected the field of anthropology.

- Globalization transformed the way anthropologists conduct research - Globalization led to the development of the field of anthropology

Identify examples of the use of polyvocality in ethnographic research and writing.

- Nancy Scheper Hughes's use of direct quotes from a mother lamenting the death of her daughter - giving a key informant a draft of the manuscript to review - key informants designing research surveys and interview questions

Identify examples of engaged anthropology.

- Nancy Scheper-Hughes's founding of Organs Watch, which facilitates collaboration between anthropologists, surgeons, journalists, and more on the issue of human organ trafficking - Shannon Speed's work with the indigenous people of Chiapas, Mexico, in their fight for return of their ancestral lands and protection of human rights

Identify which artifacts would be available to archaeologists studying a human settlement from 10,000 years ago.

- Pottery - Tools - Garbage dumps

Identify the strategies engaged anthropologists employ in their work. Strategy of Engaged Anthropologists

- advocacy and activism with local communities - revealing and critiquing systems of power and inequality

Participant observation is an essential anthropological research strategy. Identify the examples of participant observation.

- an anthropologist living with the Bemba people of Zambia - an anthropologist working in and studying corporate offices

identify the ways anthropologists are adapting to the current era of intensified globalization

- by changing research strategies - by paying attention to how communities are connected through migration and communication practices

What are the four fields of anthropology?

- cultural anthropology - linguistic anthropology - archeology - physical anthropology

Evolutionary psychologists believe that fundamental aspects of who we are and what we do are hardwired into our DNA. Anthropologists generally disagree with this belief. Identify the following views on contemporary human behavior as held by an anthropologist or an evolutionary psychologist.

- culture and belief systems drive contemporary human behavior - the environment drives contemporary human behavior

Although culture takes many forms worldwide, we can recognize shared characteristics of culture as a concept. Identify the statements that describe culture.

- culture is a system - culture is learned and shared

Consider this image, which shows Jeanne Lowe next to a photograph of her and her husband. Identify the concepts that Jeanne and Bill Lowe were challenging by trying to get married in 1948.

- endogamy - U.S. Cultural norms

Ethnographic writing techniques have changed dramatically since Malinowski and Evans-Pritchard published their books in the early twentieth century. Identify the techniques contemporary anthropologists use to make their ethnographic writing more participatory and transparent.

- ethnographic authority - tone and style - reflexivity - polyvocality

Identify which techniques cultural anthropologists employ in their work.

- ethnology - participant observation

Globalization affects even small communities around the world and sparks a number of different responses from local residents. Identify the statements that describe how local communities are dealing with globalization.

- fighting detrimental change - embracing new opportunities - negotiating better terms of engagement

Physical anthropologists study humans from a biological perspective. Identify the tasks most closely associated with the work of primatologists, and those most closely associated with paleoanthropologists.

- focus on both nonhuman living primates and nonhuman primate fossils - observe primates in their natural habitats

Globalization has a tremendous impact on cultures worldwide, whether they are large or small. Identify the effects of globalization.

- global flow of culture - increased cosmopolitanism - homogenization

Anthropology is global in scope and covers a wide range of topics. Using ethnographic fieldwork strategies, anthropologists seek to understand human diversity. Identify the topics that cultural anthropologists study in depth to better understand human society and culture.

- human agency - structures of power - global interconnectedness

Identify the reasons why it is important for anthropologists to map the components of a built environment.

- human life and culture shape the built environment - the built environment shapes human life and culture - The built environment can illuminate power structures

Establishing ethnographic authority is an essential part of the anthropologist's job. Identify how an anthropologist might attempt to establish ethnographic authority, often early on in the ethnography?

- improve the quality of their relationship with members of the community - spend a long time on a study - acquire language skills

The advantages and disadvantages of globalization are often the subject of heated debate. Identify which of the following effects of globalization would be presented as evidence by either critics or proponents of globalization.

- job opportunities for people in developing nations - increased exposure to diversity

Linguistic anthropology involves the study of past and present human language. Identify the reasons why studying language is important.

- language is key to learning and sharing culture - language constantly changes - language affects the way people view and experience the world

Identify the actions taken by cultural anthropologists during and after ethnographic fieldwork.

- live with a community for an extended period of time - look beyond the everyday to uncover power systems - take careful notes, recordings, and photographs

Through ethnographic fieldwork, anthropologists change not only the lives of those they are studying, but their own lives as well. Identify ways that fieldwork can affect anthropologists.

- makes the familiar seem unfamiliar - makes the unfamiliar seem familiar

Identify the practices that contribute to the flexible accumulation of profits by corporations.

- offsourcing - offshoring

Identify the systems of power and meaning that are studied by anthropologists through intensive fieldwork and the observation of people's everyday lives.

- racial and ethnic - religious - socioeconomic and political - gender and sexuality

Identify the factors that led to the development of anthropology and the practice of fieldwork.

- rapid dwindling of native cultures - professionalization of data gathering - globalization of the late nineteenth century

This image depicts two men who have sold their kidneys on the illegal global market, but rumors also abound that some people have their organs forcibly stolen. Identify the statements reflected by Scheper-Hughes's work showing the similarity of organ-theft rumors in South and Central America, Eastern Europe, parts of Africa, and other regions around the world.

- real, everyday threats to bodily security, urban violence, police terror, and social anarchy - the fears of poor people that their bodies are worth more dead than alive

Identify actions anthropologists must take in order to ensure the ethical treatment of study participants.

- receive informed consent from participants - change names and other identifying details to ensure anonymity - adhere to federal and institutional regulations pertaining to the study of human subjects

Identify examples of a zero.

- the absence of local politician from an important community meeting - a mother's avoidance of discussing her children's deaths

Italian political philosopher Antonio Gramsci described two aspects of power: material power and hegemony. Identify the following situations as examples of either hegemony or material power.

- the low number of interracial marriages in the United States, despite legal changes permitting it - British missionaries teaching supremacy of the Christian worldview in South Africa

Anthropologist Holly Barker came into contact with the effects of structural violence in her work with government. Identify the examples of structural violence.

- the refusal of U.S. political institutions to recognize the healthcare needs of the Marshallese -Coca-Cola's tapping of water resources in Plachimada, India

Identify the fieldwork methods and practices that anthropologists have adopted as a result of globalization.

- undertaking fieldwork in multiple locations - maintaining ongoing relationships between the anthropologists and community - broadening the scopes of their studies

Oceans in particular are experiencing tremendous changes due to the effects of human activity. Identify the human activities that have a direct impact on oceanic life.

- use of fertilizer for agriculture - offshore oil drilling - garbage disposal

There are many ways of tracing globalization's effects on the daily lives of people. One such way is by examining material culture. Place the sequence of events following the transcontinental path of the shoes in this image in order.

1. Large numbers of Senegalese migrate to New York City 2. Sebago Co. moves its French (and West African) distribution center to New York City 3. young Senegalese bring shoes to Senegal as "suitcase traders" 4. Sebago shoes become associated with privilege, cosmopolitanism, and mobility

types of anthropologists in order starting with who studies the oldest material to who studies the newest material

1. Paleoanthropologists 2. Prehistoric archaeologists 3. Historic archaeologists 4. Cultural anthropologists

Migration contributes and perpetuates the global flow of culture. Place the events in contemporary globalization in chronological order.

1. People migrate and take their cultural beliefs with them 2. people practice their cultural beliefs in their new countries 3. people travel back to their homelands to visit friends and family 4. people bring new cultural practices to their homelands form their adopted countries

Capitalism is a central tenet of Western culture. Place the events in the progression of capitalism in chronological order.

1. development of Protestant Christianity 2. accumulation of capital and rise of capitalism 3. transformation of Protestant values into culture of consumerism

Edward Burnett Tylor and James Frazer believed in the idea of unilineal cultural evolution, a theory that suggested culture evolved in one direction. They identified the following stages, which they believed all cultures passed through. Place the stages in order according to their theory, from most simple to most complex.

1. savage 2. barbarian 3. civilized

Place key fieldwork strategies and approaches in order from first developed to most recently developed

1900 - salvage ethnography 1920 - participant observation 1940 - synchronic approach 1960 - reflexivity

The human population puts a tremendous strain on the planet in many ways, and our numbers continue to grow astronomically. Identify the approximate current global population, as of 2015, and the expected population in 2050.

2015 - 7.2 billion people 2050 - 9 billion people

Which of the following describes how anthropologists describe the primary way humans adapt to and manipulate their physical and social environments, in light of the human evolutionary past?

Cultural adaptation has mostly replaced genetic adaptation

interpretivist approach

a framework in which culture is a symbolic system of deep meaning

structural functionalism

a framework in which each element of society serves particular function

What is the correct term for anthropology's commitment to studying the entire picture of human life, including culture, biology, history, and language?

holism

historical particularism

idea that cultures develop in specific ways due to their histories

Structural functionalism

ignores the dynamics of conflict, tension, and change within a society