Anthropology Ch.3 Test Questions

Many traits are affected by both genetic and environmental factors. If everyone in a population had the exact same environment, the heritability would be ____ percent.

100

The ABO blood group has three alleles ( A, B, O). If a woman with genotype AO mates with a man with genotype BB, the expected proportion of heterozygotes among their offspring is

100 percent

Imagine a species where there is a locus with two alleles, A and B. Further imagine that A is dominant and B is recessive. How many different phenotypes are possible in this species?

2

Human beings have ____ pairs of chromosomes

23

Human beings have ____ pairs of chromosomes.

23

Each amino acid is coded for by _______ chemical bases

3

Each amino acid is coded for by _______ chemical bases.

3

Imagine a species where there is a locus with two alleles, A and B. Further imagine that A and B are codominant. How many different phenotypes are possible in this species?

3

The DNA molecule is made up of ____ chemical bases

4

Meiosis results in the production of:

4 gametes

The ABO blood group has three alleles ( A, B, O) where A and B are codominant and O is recessive. If a man with type O blood mates with a woman with type A blood, the expected proportion of heterozygotes among their offspring is ________ depending on the genotype of the woman.

50 or 100 percent.

Imagine an organism with three chromosome pairs. According to Mendel's Law of Independent Assortment, how many genetically different sex cells could this organism produce?

8

Individuals whose blood type is A and who carry both dominant and recessive genes at this locus have a genotype of:

AO

All mammals have the same number of chromosomes

False

All mammals have the same number of chromosomes.

False

All mammals have the same number of chromosomes. True or False

False

DNA replication takes place only during the production of new gametes. True or False.

False

DNA replication takes place only during the production of new gametes. True or false.

False

Hemoglobin is an amino acid. True or False

False

Hemoglobin is an amino acid. True or false

False

Most human nuclear DNA is coded to produce proteins. True or False

False

___________ first demonstrated the principles of genetic inheritance

Gregor Mendel

___________ first demonstrated the principles of genetic inheritance.

Gregor Mendel

_________ genes regulate embryonic development.

Homeotic ( Hox)

In his experiments with garden peas, Mendel found that one physical unit is inherited from the father and one from the mother. This provided evidence for:

Mendel's law of segregation.

____________ is responsible for transporting genetic information to the site of protein synthesis.

Messenger RNA

_____________ is responsible for transporting genetic information to the site of protein synthesis.

Messenger RNA

____________ is the production of body cells, whereas _________ is the production of sex cells.

Mitosis / meiosis

DNA regulates the process of protein synthesis with the help of

RNA

Each parent contributes one allele at each locus to his or her offspring. This is known as Mendel's Law of

Segregation

In DNA, the base A pairs with the base

T

The ABO blood group has three alleles ( A, B, O) where A and B are codominant and O is recessive. How can a woman with type O blood have a child with type A blood?

The father has to have genotype AA, genotype AO, or genotype AB.

The MN blood group has two codominant alleles. How can a woman with type M blood have a child with type N blood?

The woman could never have a child with type N blood.

The ABO blood group has three alleles ( A, B, O) where A and B are codominant and O is recessive. How can a woman with type A blood and a man with type B blood have a child with type O blood?

The woman must have genotype AO and the man must have genotype BO.

In order for traits to respond to natural selection, they must be heritable. True or False

True

The complete set of genes in an individual cell is called the genome

True

The complete set of genes in an individual cell is called the genome. True or false.

True

There are two alleles for the PTC-tasting locus in humans: T, which codes for tasting, and t, which codes for non-tasting. T is dominant and t is recessive. Imagine two parents that are tasters have a child that is a non-taster. Given this information, you know that the genotypes of the parents had to have been

Tt and Tt

There are two alleles for the PTC-tasting locus in humans: T, which codes for tasting, and t, which codes for non-tasting. T is dominant and t is recessive. Imagine two parents that are tasters have a child that is a non-taster. Given this information, you know that the genotypes of the parents had to have been

Tt and Tt.

One chemical difference between DNA and RNA is that RNA has the base ___ instead of the base T.

U

The following are complementary bases in DNA:

adenine and thymine.

Transfer RNA: seeks complementary triplet strands of mRNA codons. contains codons that correspond to specific amino acids. brings amino acids together to form polypeptide chains. Correct all of the above

all of the above

The alternative forms of a gene found at a given locus are known as

alleles

Hox genes:

appear to function in similar ways across diverse groups of organisms.

In his work on pea plants, Mendel found that plant height was inherited independently of the type or color of the seed coat. This finding:

applies to the law of independent assortment

In his work on pea plants, Mendel found that plant height was inherited independently of the type or color of the seed coat. This finding:

applies to the law of independent assortment.

Homologous chromosomes:

carry genetic information that influences the same trait.

DNA sequences are found in long chains known as

chromosomes

The two alleles that result in the expressed phenotype for hemoglobin are equally expressed. This is an example of:

codominance.

Alleles are _________ if both of their effects are shown in the phenotype.

codominant

Human ABO blood types are:

controlled by multiple alleles.

DNA function:

directs cellular function.

Mendel's experiments with pea plants showed that crossing plants with yellow seeds with plants with green seeds produced only offspring with yellow seeds. This finding illustrates the principle of

dominance

Mendel's experiments with pea plants showed that crossing plants with yellow seeds with plants with green seeds produced only offspring with yellow seeds. This finding illustrates the principle of

dominance.

An allele is _________ if it masks the effect of another allele

dominant

Somatic cells are characterized by all of the following EXCEPT each includes a nucleus. they are used in multiple tissues throughout the body. Correct each contains half a copy of an organism's DNA. each contains a complete copy of all of an organism's DNA.

each contains half a copy of an organism's DNA

Somatic cells are characterized by all of the following EXCEPT:

each contains half a copy of an organism's DNA.

Somatic cells are characterized by all of the following EXCEPT: each contains half a copy of an organism's DNA. each includes a nucleus. they are used in multiple tissues throughout the body. each contains a complete copy of all of an organism's DNA.

each contains half a copy of an organism's DNA.

A human karyotype contains 23 autosomal chromosome pairs and one pair of sex chromosomes. true

false

Heritability is a measure of the proportion of total variation that is related to ___________ variation

genetic

Heritability is a measure of the proportion of total variation that is related to ___________ variation.

genetic

The total DNA sequence of an organism is known as its

genome

The genetic makeup of an individual is known as the

genotype

Gametes are:

haploid

Gametes are:

haploid.

The shape of a DNA molecule is a

helix

A trait's heritability:

is the proportion of its variation that is genetic.

The presence of a recessive allele:

is usually masked in the phenotype.

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) differs from ribonucleic acid (RNA) in that:

it is the "recipe" for all biological characteristics and functions.

Sometimes alleles for different genes are inherited together, which is due to

linkage

Chromosome number is reduced during:

meiosis

Transcription occurs where?

occurs in the nucleus.

Some genes can have multiple effects on an organism, such as affecting different physical and biochemical systems. This is known as

pleiotropy

Some genes can have multiple effects on an organism, such as affecting different physical and biochemical systems. This is known as

pleiotropy.

Traits that are due, in part, to multiple loci are known as _________ traits.

polygenic

Given that humans and apes share over 98 percent of their genetic material, it seems likely that their anatomical differences involve differences in __________ genes.

regulatory

The gene responsible for lactose persistence among adults in Europe is a:

regulatory gene.

Homeotic (Hox) genes are:

responsible for the development and location of key body parts.

Homeotic (Hox) genes are:

responsible for the development and location of key body parts. responsible for determining the sex of offspring. not used during embryonic development.

Somatic cells include all of the following EXCEPT: sex cells. lung cells. skin cells. brain tissue

sex cells

Somatic cells include all of the following EXCEPT: lung cells. Correct sex cells. skin cells. brain tissue

sex cells.

In mammals, the male parent's gametes determine the sex of his offspring because:

the Y chromosome is present in males only.

Mendel's Law of Independent Assortment states that

the set of chromosomes that is passed on from a parent to a child is not always the same.

Mitosis produces:

two identical daughter cells.

An individual that is homozygous at the locus that determines ABO blood type may have any of the following EXCEPT:

type AB blood

RNA differs from DNA in that it uses:

uracil instead of thymine