Anthropology (Ethnocentrism)

society

a group of people organized into social relationships to perform certain tasks; tends to have it's own territory to perpetuate itself and is somewhat self governing

real culture

refers to a society's actual behavior

diffusion

the borrowing by one society of a cultural trait belonging to another society as a result of contact between two societies (integration)

culture

the complex whole that includes knowledge, belief, values, customs, habits, and behavior acquired by humans as members of society

functions of culture

-must provide for biological continuity through the reproduction of its members; ex: marriage, family, kinship -must maintain order among its members and with outsiders; ex: politics -must provide for the production and distribution of goods and services; ex: economics -must motivate its members to survive and engage in those activities for survival; ex: religion -must enculturate new members so that they can become functioning members; ex: language, gender, race

innovation

changes in a culture as a result of discovery or invention; ex: Kathryn Johnson in N.A.S.A.

Ideal Culture

consists of what people say they should do and what they say they do

culture is shared

culture is a set of shared ideals, values, and standards of behavior; a member of a culture can often predict how others will act and know how the self should act in given situations; maladaptive-> air conditioning

Culture and society

culture is not the group but a property of the group; society is a group of people who occupy a specific locality and who share common cultural beliefs and behaviors

acculturation

diffusion resulting from pressure from the dominant group upon the subordinate group; ex: if someone comes to America they are basically forced to speak English

Ethnocentrism

judging another culture in terms of one's own cultural values and traditions

enthnocentrism

judging culture based on one's own culture; ex: Shakespeare in the Bush

syncretism

something is borrowed and adapted within the context of the culture's system of beliefs and practices

cultural appropriation

the adoption of some specific elements of one culture by the dominant culture cultural group; these element , once removed from their indigenous contexts, can take on meanings that are significantly different from those originally held.

assimilation

the process by which one society experiences acculturation changes so much that it is hardly distinguishable from a more dominant one; to bring into conformity with the costumes and attitudes of the dominant; ex: Americans dominating the Native Americans and forcing them to become Americanized

enculturation

the process by which society's culture is transmitted through observation; taught directly, learned unconsciously, or transmitted through observation

Ethnocide

the systematic destruction of traditional way of life