Anthropology Exam 1

Homo sapiens appears in the fossil record approximately:

100,000 years ago

Dennis Covington's Salvation on Sand Mountain is an example of:

A form of spirit possession

Ecclesiastic forms of religion are identified by the presence of which of the following?

A full-time religious practitioner class that forms a bureaucracy

Religion best described as:

A set of beliefs and practices ordering the relationship between humans and the supernatural

Which of the following are characteristic of primates? possession of nails grasping or prehensile hands relative lack of reliance on smell

All of the Above

A set of rules requiring marriage within a person's own social group is called:

Endogamy

The belief that one's own cultural values are superior to those of another culture is called which of the following?

Ethnocentrism

A metaphor is considered an allomorph.

False

Bilateral descent produces a network of relatives called a clan.

False

Cladistic classification refers to the general overall appearance and behavior of a primate

False

Claude Lévi-Strauss worked in the Trobriand Islands

False

Colubine monkeys are characterized by cheek pouches

False

Figurines such as the Venus of Willendorf probably served an aesthetic, but not a spiritual, purpose.

False

Group marriage is a relatively common form of marriage that involves the marriage of two or more women and two or more men, and is usually life-long.

False

In non-state societies artists typically work on their art full time.

False

Nativistic movements focus on the coming of a new world order or a messiah.

False

Rites of passage typically include four phases: separation, liminality, flow, and incorporation.

False

Singing and dancing are almost never used to evoke and communicate with supernatural forces

False

The anthropological study of art differs from Art History in that anthropologists are only concerned with the "high culture" art of the elites.

False

The end of the Pleistocene was characterized by a dramatic cooling in the earth's temperature

False

Verbal art includes which of the following?

Folklore

Which of the following specializations in anthropology would be most likely to work closely with law enforcement?

Forensic anthropology

Paleoanthropologists would be most likely to study which of the following?

Fossilized bones and teeth of human ancestors

How would an anthropological linguist classify the following sentence? "You cain't never come 'round here no more."

Grammatically incorrect descriptive grammar of a non-standard (dialect variation) English

Which of the following is NOT a form of graphic and plastic art?

Hairstyle

The first stone stools are associated with the genus:

Homo

Animism

the attribution of a soul to plants, inanimate objects, and natural phenomena.

In matrilineal descent involves:

Ego's kin include the daughters of his/her sister

The process by which culture is transmitted from one generation to the next by social learning is termed:

Enculturation

Castes in India are characterized by rules of:

Endogamous marriage

Bronislaw Malinowski championed the method of participant observation that includes: Living with the culture you are studying in the field for a time Observing day-to-day interactions Learning the language of the people you are studying

All of the above

Expressive culture provides a context in which cultural values and social institutions are: Reflected upon Reinforced Challenged

All of the above

In which of the following situations would it be possible to experience culture shock? Anthropologists conducting fieldwork in a new culture Traveling to an unfamiliar city First day on a new job

All of the above

Kinship systems make distinctions between relatives related through: Marriage Perceived "blood relationships" Actual biological relatedness

All of the above

Sociolinguistics is concerned with things such as: The relationship between social class and language The relationship between ethnicity and language The relationship between gender and language

All of the above

The concept of mana as found in the Polynesian and Melanesian cultures of Oceania involves a belief in which of the following?

An impersonal supernatural force that exists in humans, other life forms, and inanimate objects

Acheulian technology is characterized by:

Bifaced tools

The descent system used by most people in the United States is:

Bilateral

The anthropologist Claude Levi Strauss argued that a universal property of myths is that they are structured in terms of which of the following?

Binary oppositions

Culture-bound syndromes include which of the following: Susto Anorexia nervosa

Both a and b

In which of the following terminological systems do mother's brother and father's brother receive the same term?

Both a and b

"Symbolic anthropology" is associated with which of the following anthropologists?

Clifford Geertz

A descent system where ego chooses to trace descent through either the male or the female line is termed:

Cognatic

Which of the following theories of religion includes the idea that religion functions to explain unknown phenomena?

Cognitive/Intellectual

When diagramming kinship systems, a vertical line represents a:

Descent or a parental relationship

Attempts to teach the great apes American sign language have demonstrated that nonhuman primates are limited in which design feature of human language?

Discreteness as evidence by limited ability to implement consistent grammatical structure in their signs

Two dogs meet and they both wag their tails. Which of the following design features of language does this form of communication best exemplify?

Interchangeability

"Cultural ecology" is associated with which of the following anthropologists?

Julian Steward

Which of the following were early hominin genera?

Kenyapithecus

Matching

Late 19th Century Evolutionism = Edward Burnett Tylor Symbolic anthroplogy = Clifford Geertz Structural-Functionalism = AR Radcliffe Brown French Structuralism = Claude Levi-Strauss Cultural Materialism = Marvin Harris

Strepsirhines include which of the following?

Lemurs

"Neo-evolutionism" is associated with which of the following anthropologists?

Leslie White

The stages of "savagery, barbarism, and civilization" are associated with which of the following anthropologists?

Lewis Henry Morgan

Polyandry is associated with:

Low status of women

"Cultural materialism" is associated with which of the following anthropologists?

Marvin Harris

Avunculocal residence is most often associated with which of the following descent systems?

Matrilineal

The postmarital residence pattern characterized by couples living with or near the wife's parents is called:

Matrilocal

Communal forms of religion are identified by the presence of which of the following?

Members of the entire group collectively engaging in religious practices

Stories that are typically of a religious nature that are widely believed to be true by the members of the culture are called which of the following?

Myths

The post-marital residence pattern of most Americans is:

Neolocal

Platyrrhines include which of the following:

New World Monkeys

The approach that has as a key concern the way cultures adapt to the environment is:

None of the above

The most important method for fieldwork in cultural anthropology is which of the following?

Participant observation

The smallest units of sound in a language are called which of the following?

Phonemes

The sounds recognized by native speakers of a language and the rules that govern how sounds are combined to form words are topics for which of the following areas?

Phonology

Rituals are:

Prescribed ways of carrying out sacred (or secular) activities

Washoe the chimpanzee combines the signs for "finger" and "ring" the first time she sees a bracelet. Which of the following design features of language does this form of communication best exemplify?

Productivity

Which of the following theories of religion includes the idea that religion functions to help people cope in times of stress?

Psychological

Matching:

Reciprocal Exchange = exchanging gifts of equal value between both families Dowry = transfer of goods from bride's family to new married couple Virilocal = married couple lives with groom's kin group Avunculoca = married couple lives with family of groom's mother's brother Natolocal = married couple does not live together

An individual who causes people to laugh by mocking the social order is termed a:

Sacred Clown

A marriage in which one man marries two or more women who are sisters is termed:

Sororal polygyny

Performance art includes which of the following?

Sports and Play

Which of the following is a suprasegmental feature of language?

Stress

Matching

Syntax = Rules that govern the word order Polysynthetic = Languages that use multiple morphemes Arbitrariness = No necessary relatioship exists between the sounds of a word and the idea it represents Kinesics = The study of human body language Parole = The way language is actually used

The evolutionary origins of art may lie in:

The gesture-call system

A marriage between a woman and her dead husband's brother is called:

The levirate

In neolocal residence:

The married spouses do not live with either the family of the groom or the bride

All New World monkeys are arboreal

True

Anthropologists have found that Frazer's view of the evolutionary progress from magic, to religion, to science is problematic because these concepts often coexist in a given society.

True

Anthropology developed in the wake of European colonization

True

Aramage is a descent group who share a common identity and engage in cooperative or collective activities by virtue of ambilineal descent.

True

Culture is a feature of shared group life and results in the members of that group sharing a common identity.

True

Culture-bound syndromes are a concern of medical anthropology

True

Decreased mobility of groups characterized the Neolithic Revolution

True

Enculturation can be considered the process of transmitting cultural information from one generation to another through genetics.

True

Expressive culture is universal to all humans and all cultures.

True

In the Sudanese terminological system, each individual is given a separate term.

True

Many questions about human nature that anthropologists explore arose during a period in Europe called the Renaissance.

True

Modern space travel has spawned a quasi-religious movement surrounding the belief in abduction by extraterrestrials.

True

Owl monkeys are noctural

True

Psychological anthropology was heavily influenced by the work of Sigmund Freud

True

Revitalization movements act as mediums for social change and involve syncretism.

True

The Dravidian system has been described in all parts of the globe including Sri Lanka, Oceania, Africa, and Amazonia.

True

The Iroquois terminological system distinguishes between cross and parallel cousins.

True

The human body is an important locus for artistic expression in all cultures.

True

There is no example of anything like marriage in any other species of animal.

True

Uxorilocal residence refers to a new couple establishing a new residence in the vicinity of the wife's matrilineal kin.

True

In matricentric residence:

Women and young children live in separate dwellings from men

Animatism

a belief in supernatural forces

The Neolithic Revolution is characterized by a change:

from foraging to farming