Anthropology Exam 1
Homo sapiens appears in the fossil record approximately:
100,000 years ago
Dennis Covington's Salvation on Sand Mountain is an example of:
A form of spirit possession
Ecclesiastic forms of religion are identified by the presence of which of the following?
A full-time religious practitioner class that forms a bureaucracy
Religion best described as:
A set of beliefs and practices ordering the relationship between humans and the supernatural
Which of the following are characteristic of primates? possession of nails grasping or prehensile hands relative lack of reliance on smell
All of the Above
A set of rules requiring marriage within a person's own social group is called:
Endogamy
The belief that one's own cultural values are superior to those of another culture is called which of the following?
Ethnocentrism
A metaphor is considered an allomorph.
False
Bilateral descent produces a network of relatives called a clan.
False
Cladistic classification refers to the general overall appearance and behavior of a primate
False
Claude Lévi-Strauss worked in the Trobriand Islands
False
Colubine monkeys are characterized by cheek pouches
False
Figurines such as the Venus of Willendorf probably served an aesthetic, but not a spiritual, purpose.
False
Group marriage is a relatively common form of marriage that involves the marriage of two or more women and two or more men, and is usually life-long.
False
In non-state societies artists typically work on their art full time.
False
Nativistic movements focus on the coming of a new world order or a messiah.
False
Rites of passage typically include four phases: separation, liminality, flow, and incorporation.
False
Singing and dancing are almost never used to evoke and communicate with supernatural forces
False
The anthropological study of art differs from Art History in that anthropologists are only concerned with the "high culture" art of the elites.
False
The end of the Pleistocene was characterized by a dramatic cooling in the earth's temperature
False
Verbal art includes which of the following?
Folklore
Which of the following specializations in anthropology would be most likely to work closely with law enforcement?
Forensic anthropology
Paleoanthropologists would be most likely to study which of the following?
Fossilized bones and teeth of human ancestors
How would an anthropological linguist classify the following sentence? "You cain't never come 'round here no more."
Grammatically incorrect descriptive grammar of a non-standard (dialect variation) English
Which of the following is NOT a form of graphic and plastic art?
Hairstyle
The first stone stools are associated with the genus:
Homo
Animism
the attribution of a soul to plants, inanimate objects, and natural phenomena.
In matrilineal descent involves:
Ego's kin include the daughters of his/her sister
The process by which culture is transmitted from one generation to the next by social learning is termed:
Enculturation
Castes in India are characterized by rules of:
Endogamous marriage
Bronislaw Malinowski championed the method of participant observation that includes: Living with the culture you are studying in the field for a time Observing day-to-day interactions Learning the language of the people you are studying
All of the above
Expressive culture provides a context in which cultural values and social institutions are: Reflected upon Reinforced Challenged
All of the above
In which of the following situations would it be possible to experience culture shock? Anthropologists conducting fieldwork in a new culture Traveling to an unfamiliar city First day on a new job
All of the above
Kinship systems make distinctions between relatives related through: Marriage Perceived "blood relationships" Actual biological relatedness
All of the above
Sociolinguistics is concerned with things such as: The relationship between social class and language The relationship between ethnicity and language The relationship between gender and language
All of the above
The concept of mana as found in the Polynesian and Melanesian cultures of Oceania involves a belief in which of the following?
An impersonal supernatural force that exists in humans, other life forms, and inanimate objects
Acheulian technology is characterized by:
Bifaced tools
The descent system used by most people in the United States is:
Bilateral
The anthropologist Claude Levi Strauss argued that a universal property of myths is that they are structured in terms of which of the following?
Binary oppositions
Culture-bound syndromes include which of the following: Susto Anorexia nervosa
Both a and b
In which of the following terminological systems do mother's brother and father's brother receive the same term?
Both a and b
"Symbolic anthropology" is associated with which of the following anthropologists?
Clifford Geertz
A descent system where ego chooses to trace descent through either the male or the female line is termed:
Cognatic
Which of the following theories of religion includes the idea that religion functions to explain unknown phenomena?
Cognitive/Intellectual
When diagramming kinship systems, a vertical line represents a:
Descent or a parental relationship
Attempts to teach the great apes American sign language have demonstrated that nonhuman primates are limited in which design feature of human language?
Discreteness as evidence by limited ability to implement consistent grammatical structure in their signs
Two dogs meet and they both wag their tails. Which of the following design features of language does this form of communication best exemplify?
Interchangeability
"Cultural ecology" is associated with which of the following anthropologists?
Julian Steward
Which of the following were early hominin genera?
Kenyapithecus
Matching
Late 19th Century Evolutionism = Edward Burnett Tylor Symbolic anthroplogy = Clifford Geertz Structural-Functionalism = AR Radcliffe Brown French Structuralism = Claude Levi-Strauss Cultural Materialism = Marvin Harris
Strepsirhines include which of the following?
Lemurs
"Neo-evolutionism" is associated with which of the following anthropologists?
Leslie White
The stages of "savagery, barbarism, and civilization" are associated with which of the following anthropologists?
Lewis Henry Morgan
Polyandry is associated with:
Low status of women
"Cultural materialism" is associated with which of the following anthropologists?
Marvin Harris
Avunculocal residence is most often associated with which of the following descent systems?
Matrilineal
The postmarital residence pattern characterized by couples living with or near the wife's parents is called:
Matrilocal
Communal forms of religion are identified by the presence of which of the following?
Members of the entire group collectively engaging in religious practices
Stories that are typically of a religious nature that are widely believed to be true by the members of the culture are called which of the following?
Myths
The post-marital residence pattern of most Americans is:
Neolocal
Platyrrhines include which of the following:
New World Monkeys
The approach that has as a key concern the way cultures adapt to the environment is:
None of the above
The most important method for fieldwork in cultural anthropology is which of the following?
Participant observation
The smallest units of sound in a language are called which of the following?
Phonemes
The sounds recognized by native speakers of a language and the rules that govern how sounds are combined to form words are topics for which of the following areas?
Phonology
Rituals are:
Prescribed ways of carrying out sacred (or secular) activities
Washoe the chimpanzee combines the signs for "finger" and "ring" the first time she sees a bracelet. Which of the following design features of language does this form of communication best exemplify?
Productivity
Which of the following theories of religion includes the idea that religion functions to help people cope in times of stress?
Psychological
Matching:
Reciprocal Exchange = exchanging gifts of equal value between both families Dowry = transfer of goods from bride's family to new married couple Virilocal = married couple lives with groom's kin group Avunculoca = married couple lives with family of groom's mother's brother Natolocal = married couple does not live together
An individual who causes people to laugh by mocking the social order is termed a:
Sacred Clown
A marriage in which one man marries two or more women who are sisters is termed:
Sororal polygyny
Performance art includes which of the following?
Sports and Play
Which of the following is a suprasegmental feature of language?
Stress
Matching
Syntax = Rules that govern the word order Polysynthetic = Languages that use multiple morphemes Arbitrariness = No necessary relatioship exists between the sounds of a word and the idea it represents Kinesics = The study of human body language Parole = The way language is actually used
The evolutionary origins of art may lie in:
The gesture-call system
A marriage between a woman and her dead husband's brother is called:
The levirate
In neolocal residence:
The married spouses do not live with either the family of the groom or the bride
All New World monkeys are arboreal
True
Anthropologists have found that Frazer's view of the evolutionary progress from magic, to religion, to science is problematic because these concepts often coexist in a given society.
True
Anthropology developed in the wake of European colonization
True
Aramage is a descent group who share a common identity and engage in cooperative or collective activities by virtue of ambilineal descent.
True
Culture is a feature of shared group life and results in the members of that group sharing a common identity.
True
Culture-bound syndromes are a concern of medical anthropology
True
Decreased mobility of groups characterized the Neolithic Revolution
True
Enculturation can be considered the process of transmitting cultural information from one generation to another through genetics.
True
Expressive culture is universal to all humans and all cultures.
True
In the Sudanese terminological system, each individual is given a separate term.
True
Many questions about human nature that anthropologists explore arose during a period in Europe called the Renaissance.
True
Modern space travel has spawned a quasi-religious movement surrounding the belief in abduction by extraterrestrials.
True
Owl monkeys are noctural
True
Psychological anthropology was heavily influenced by the work of Sigmund Freud
True
Revitalization movements act as mediums for social change and involve syncretism.
True
The Dravidian system has been described in all parts of the globe including Sri Lanka, Oceania, Africa, and Amazonia.
True
The Iroquois terminological system distinguishes between cross and parallel cousins.
True
The human body is an important locus for artistic expression in all cultures.
True
There is no example of anything like marriage in any other species of animal.
True
Uxorilocal residence refers to a new couple establishing a new residence in the vicinity of the wife's matrilineal kin.
True
In matricentric residence:
Women and young children live in separate dwellings from men
Animatism
a belief in supernatural forces
The Neolithic Revolution is characterized by a change:
from foraging to farming
