ANTHROPOLOGY LIGHTFOOT FINAL STUDY GUIDE T2

THE FUNDAMENTAL DIFFERNCE BETWEEN CULTURE AND MOST OTHER FORMS OF ANIMAL BEHAVIOR IS THAT CULTURE IS _____

LEARNED AND SHARED

WHICH TERM CAN BE USED TO REFER TO THE ENTIRE CULTURE OF HOMO ERECTUS?

LOWER PALEOLITHIC

THE NEANDERTAL PERIOD IN AFRICA IS CALLED THE

MIDDLE STONE AGE

THE FOSSIL RECORD IS CLEAR AND WITHOUT DOUBT OR AMBIGUITY

NO, IT IS FRAGMENTARY AND INCOMPLETE

HOW WERE EARLY STONE TOOLS MADE?

ONE STONE WAS STRUCK WITH ANOTHER TO CREATE A SHARP FLAKE

WITH THE DRYING TREND OF 16 TO 11 MILLION YEARS AGO, THE AREA CALLED THE _____ EXPANDED IN AFRICA

SAVANNA

WHAT HAVE SCIENTISTS DISCOVERED ABOUT THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN NEANDERTALS AND HUMANS BASED ON THEIR MITOCHONDRIAL DNA?

THE DIFFERENCES IN GENE SEQUENCES BETWEEN NEANDERTALS AND HUMANS ARE LARGER THAN THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN DIFFERENT GROUPS OF HUMANS

HOW CERTAIN ARE SCIENTISTS WHETHER OR NOT NEANDETALS ENGAGED IN RITUAL BEHAVIOR?

THERE ARE VERY CONVINCING ARGUMENTS FOR RITUAL BEHAVIOR

HOW ARE THE COSTS OF BIPEDALISM DIFFERENT FOR MALES AND FEMALES?

THEY ARE GREATER FOR FEMALES, BECAUSE THEY MUST SUPPORT EXTRA WEIGHT DURING PREGNANCY

BASED ON YOUR KNOWLEDGE OF THE NEADERTAL'S ENVIRONMENT, DIET, AND SOCIAL LIFE, WHAT DO YOU EXPECT WAS THE FUNCTION OF THEIR HEAVY WOODEN SPEARS?

THEY WERE USED FOR HUNTING BIG GAME

THE FIRST CLEAR EVIDENCE OF STONE TOOLS APPEARS MORE THAN ______ MILLION YEARS AFTER THE APPEARANCE OF BIPEDALISM

2

THE EARLIEST IDENTIFIABLE STONE TOOLS FROM EAST AFRICA DATE FROM ABOUT _____ MILLION YEARS AGO

2.5

HOMO ERECTUS HAD A BRAIN CAPACITY OF ABOUT ______PERCENT OF MODERN HUMANS

70

THE FORAMEN MAGNUM LOCATIONS ON FOSSIL HUMANOIDS INDICATES

A DROP IN INTELLIGENCE AS WE APPROACH MODERNITY

WHO ARE THE DENISOVANS?

A RECENTLY DISCOVERED HOMININ SPECIES

THE TOOL TRADITION IDENTIFIED WITH HOMO ERECTUS IS THE

ACHEULIAN

WHEN HOMO ERECTUS HUNTED THEY MAY HAVE USED FIRE. HOW WOULD THIS BE AN ADVANTAGE?

ANIMALS WERE DRIVEN OUT OF THEIR HIDING PLACES AND TOWARDS HUNTERS

BIPEDALISM HAS

BENEFITS AND COSTS

WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING HOMININ CHARACTERISTICS CAME FIRST?

BIPEDALISM

ONE EARLY TOOL OF THE ACHEULIAN TRADITION IS KNOWN AS THE HAND AXE. SCIENTISTS THINK THE HAND AXE WAS MOSTLY USED FOR

BUTCHERING LARGE ANIMALS

IF A SECOND DENISOVAN SITE WAS FOUND TODAY, WHERE WOULD YOU MOST LIKELY EXPECT IT TO BE LOCATED?

CENTRAL ASIA

WE DEFINITELY KNOW THAT EARLY OLDUVAI HOMININS USED TOOLS TO _____

CUT UP ANIMAL CARCASSES FOR MEAT

ANTHROPOLOGISTS SPECULATE THAT EARLY STONE TOOLS FOUND IN EAT AFRICA WERE MADE BY

EARLY HOMO

UNDISPUTED BIPEDAL EARLY HOMININS LIVED IN _____ ABOUT 4 MILLION YEARS AGO

EAST AFRICA

MOST PALEOANTHROPOLOGISTS AGREE THAT ______ EVOLVED INTO H.SAPIENS

H. ERECTUS

DOES THE PRESENCE OF TOOLS MEAN CULTURE EXISTED?

YES, BECAUSE MAKING TOOLS IS A PATTERN OF BEHAVIOR SHARED BY A GROUP OF INDIVIDUALS

WHEN WE CORRECT FOR BODY SIZE, THE HOMININ BRAIN _____ AFTER 2 MILLION YEARS

INCREASED BOTH ABSOLUTELY AND RELATIVELY

BRAIN SIZE HAS

INCREASED WITH MODERN FORMS

HOW WOULD COOKING WITH FIRE BE ADAPTIVE?

IT MAKES FOOD MORE SAFELY DIGESTIBLE