Anthropology Mid-Term Monica Cox

Becoming Human: According to a technique called the "molecular clock," humans and chimpanzees last shared a common ancestor about ________ years ago -200,000 -5 to 7 million -22 million -65 million

-5 to 7 million

Who are the Narcerima? -A group of Mesoamericans conquered by the Aztecs. -A previously isolated indigenous group from the Amazon -Americans -They are a fictitious group of people made up by Horace Milner to fool gullible people

-Americans

The famous group of hominins known as the Neanderthals is included in which of the following groups? -Archaic Homo sapiens -Anatomically modern Homo sapiens -Australopithecus -Homo erectus

-Archaic Homo sapiens

According to "Our Babies Ourselves", which of the following is NOT typical of child-rearing practices in the United States. -Bottle-feeding over breast-feeding -Bed-sharing with child -Longer periods of crying to teach a child self-reliance -Adult supervision of small children

-Bed-sharing with child

Which of the following traits is unique to hominins and NOT found in other primates? -Binocular vision -Bipedalism -Grasping hands -Fingernails

-Bipedalism

Studying another culture from its own point of view without imposing our own cultural values is known as: -Moral Relativism -Cultural Relativism -Ethnocentrism -Culture-bound worldview

-Cultural Relativism

According to the "Survival of the Fittest" video , what trait of the Rock Pocket Mouse was best adapted to survival on the lava flow? -Long tail -Wide Feet -Nocturnal Vision -Dark fur

-Dark fur

Which of the following is NOT studied by anthropologists? -Dinosaur bones -Primates -Human culture -Forensics

-Dinosaur bones

Who was responsible for the theory of social evolution? -Franz Boas -E. B. Tylor -Bronislaw Malinowski -E. E. Evans-Pritchard

-E. B. Tylor

Behavioral ecology uses a comparative approach to evaluate differences among primates. -True -False

-False

Cultural anthropology is one of the most quantitative of the social sciences. -True -False

-False

In order to study culture one must travel to distant, far-off places. -True -False

-False

In science, a theory is an educated guess and is not well-accepted among the scientific community. -True -False

-False

In science, a theory is only a guess. -True -False

-False

When considering other hominins, culture is only found among modern humans (Homo sapien sapiens). -True -False

-False

Shaking hands when you meet someone is an example of a? -Folkway -More -Taboo -Material Culture

-Folkway

The American anthropologist responsible for the concept of historical particularism was named -E. B. Tylor -Morgan -Alfred Kroeber -Franz Boas

-Franz Boas

How would you describe Edward Tylor's evolutionary theories? -He studied how humans have no directional evolutionary goal. -He studied how societies have harnessed more energy for production over time. -He studied how the human body has changed physically from earlier to later forms, sometimes even changing species. -He studied the history of human society from simple to complex technology and social institutions (from so-called savagery to civilization).

-He studied the history of human society from simple to complex technology and social institutions (from so-called savagery to civilization).

According Becoming Human (and Daniel Lieberman), the most compelling hypothesis for why bipedalism developed in early hominins is -It allowed them to carry offspring -It allowed them to see predators -It conserved energy -It helped them see potential mates from long distances

-It conserved energy

Besides fossilized skeletal remains, what other evidence indicates bipedalism in Australopithecus afarensis? -Laetoli Footprints -The Lascaux cave paintings -The Oldowan Tool Tradition -The Mask of La Roche Cotard

-Laetoli Footprints

The name most closely associated with the system traditionally used to classify living things is: -Lyell -Linnaeus -Lamarck -Leakey

-Linnaeus

What is the tool tradition associated with Homo habilis? -Oldowan -Levallois -Mousterian -Acheaulian

-Oldowan

The rough edge stone chopping tools made by Homo habilis are called -Olduvai axes -Obiwan tools -Olduwan tools -Homo habilis toolkits

-Olduwan tools

In archaeology, this is a division of prehistory based on gross changes in subsistence patterns, climatic changes, housing, and burial styles, etc. -Phase -Period -Site -Age

-Period

Reconnaissance work in archaeology is also known as: -Phase I -Phase II -Phase III -Phase IV

-Phase I

Which of the following is NOT a part of a human's taxonomic classification? -Primate -Mammal -Platyrrhine -Hominoid

-Platyrrhine

The argument that modern H. sapiens appeared as a new species in Africa about 200,000 years ago is called the -Out of Africa model -Recent African Origin model -Multiregional Evolution model -Multiple Dispersals model

-Recent African Origin model

Who, along with Niles Eldredge, developed the theory of punctuated equilibrium? -Duane Gish -Mary Leakey -Charles Lyell -Stephen Jay Gould

-Stephen Jay Gould

A critical reason for taking field notes is that there may be a long lag time between fieldwork and writing and publishing about it. -True -False

-True

Clyde Kluckhohn argued that both biological and cultural aspects of humanity must be seen as a continuum of small changes. -True -False

-True

Gene flow is the movement of genetic material across different populations. -True -False

-True

According to "Our Babies Ourselves", the goal of child-rearing in any society is to make the child: -a happy adult -a wealthy adult -an accomplished adult -a culturally appropriate adult

-a culturally appropriate adult

A key principle of the holistic perspective developed by Franz Boas is -understanding the racial diversity of the human species -deconstructing cultures into the four subfields of anthropology -a goal of synthesizing the entire context of human experience -that people are fundamentally ethnocentric

-a goal of synthesizing the entire context of human experience

Chronometric dating techniques used by archaeologists help establish -when something lived in relation to other fossils -when something died in relation to other fossils -the exact time of death of a human or creature -a more specific age for a fossil or something organic

-a more specific age for a fossil or something organic

One important adaptation found in New World monkeys is the presence of -a longer thumb -a prehensile tail -a wet nose -color that blends into the surrounding habitat

-a prehensile tail

During fieldwork, cultural anthropologists -learn the local language -record people's economic transactions -study how environmental changes affect agriculture -all of the above

-all of the above

Examples of social institutions are: -kinship -marriage -subsistence patterns (such as farming) -all of the above

-all of the above

When cultural anthropologists go into the field -they go with a set of questions they want to ask and have answered -they often change the focus of their question to fit what they are seeing -they often go with the flow of everyday life, even if it seems off-topic at the time -all of the above

-all of the above

Fossils of Homo erectus are found: -both in the Old World and New World -all over the Old World -only in Africa -only in Africa and Java

-all over the Old World

In which of the following locations would you likely find an anthropologist doing fieldwork? -a factory -a mental institution -a New York City neighborhood -the Amazon rain forest -any of the above

-any of the above

The subfield of anthropology that studies the material remains of past cultures is called -biological anthropology -linguistic anthropology -cultural anthropology -archaeology

-archaeology

The evolution of the tail among New World monkeys reflects an adaptation to their environment and would be of interest to a -cultural anthropologist -forensic anthropologist -historical linguist -behavioral ecologist

-behavioral ecologist

A taxonomic structure is one that -both names and classifies all organisms according to a system -names and classifies animals according to an evolutionary logic -organizes all plants and animals in a random fashion -determines the importance of an organism based on a system of classification

-both names and classifies all organisms according to a system

A primary characteristic that allows paleoanthropologists to place a particular finding into the genus Homo is -molar size -cranial capacity -forehead flatness -bipedalism

-cranial capacity

All the characteristics listed below are common behavior patterns found in all primates except -mother-infant bond -affiliation and grooming -father-son bond -cooperation and conflict

-father-son bond

Uniformitarianism is the idea that change occurs: -suddenly and through catastrophes such as floods, earthquakes, etc -gradually and through the result of processes that are still observable today. -in major punctations with new species arising very rapidly as a result of mutations or changes in selective pressures -None of the above

-gradually and through the result of processes that are still observable today.

For much of its early history, physical anthropology was associated with what methodology? -gene decoding -facial recognition methodology -measurement and classification of skulls according to racial characteristics -primatological field studies

-measurement and classification of skulls according to racial characteristics

Darwin's idea about the major process of evolution is called: -descent with modification -natural selection -inheritance of acquired characteristics -adaptation

-natural selection

The process by which inheritable traits are passed along to offspring because they are better suited to the environment is -evolution -natural selection -degeneration -genetic mutation

-natural selection

Techniques that classify features of a phenomenon and count, measure, and construct statistical models are collecting and analyzing -qualitative data -historical data -ethnographic data -quantitative data

-quantitative data

Cultural anthropologists face an ethical responsibility in their work and so must disclose to informants -funding sources for research -reasons for doing the research -their location in the field -the names of all informants

-reasons for doing the research

Among the Bonobo chimpanzees, social conflict is often resolved through sexual activity. This is a form of -affiliation -dominance -behavior modification -reconciliation

-reconciliation

Anthropologists overcome ethnocentrism by -developing theories to explain human action -studying a culture's customs -defending whatever another culture does -seeing matters from the point of view of another culture

-seeing matters from the point of view of another culture

Primates rely extensively on all the characteristics listed below except -manual dexterity -stereoscopic vision -sense of smell -larger brain relative to their size

-sense of smell

The ability to document changes in pottery styles in non-living societies happens through -seriation -faunal correlation -stratigraphy -holographic analysis

-seriation

According to the lecture, in order for an explanation to be defined as scientific, it must be: -proven -testable -developed in an academic institution such as a university -at least 50 years old

-testable

Gregor Mendel's findings about inheritance among pea plants stemmed from what key ability that he possessed? -his deep knowledge of genetics -his willingness to ignore his religious affiliation -the ability to observe closely -he had obtained the full blessing of the abbot at his monastery to conduct his work

-the ability to observe closely

How, in general, does Marvin Harris (a materialist) explain the biblical dietary laws? -they were means of establishing the identity of the ancient Hebrews -they were all related to the Hebrews worldview and what was "normal" in their world -they resulted from some practical, usually economic considerations -they functioned to impose order in one part of the ancient Hebrews' world

-they resulted from some practical, usually economic considerations

The main idea behind the holistic perspective is to study culture -by its individual parts -through systematic connections of different parts -through third-party reports -all of the above

-through systematic connections of different parts

One of the important ways that genetic material is moved between different populations, such as through gene flow, is -through the decision about when to have a child -through the careful use of birth control products -through the prevention of sexually transmitted infections -through the choice of a sexual partner

-through the choice of a sexual partner