Antisemitism
Doctor
11%
1938: how many Jews were assaulted and lost their jobs
138,000
1938: how many Jews were sent to Dachau
1500
Lawyer
16%
Banker
17%
1938: how many Jews does heydreich pressure to emigrate
180,000
Unplanned: no
1939 speech "if there's a war it would lead to the annialation of the Jewish race" 25 points Immigration
Retailing owned by Jews
25%
1938: how many Jews committed suicide
500
Dentist
8%
when was kristallnacht
8-9 november 1938
How did hitler see Jews
As bacteria
How did himmler see Jews
As vermin
1935: nazi lynch mobs
Attack civilians and humiliate them by beating them, German women forced to wear plaques if associated with Jews
Persecution of the Jews: law for the restoration of the professional civil service
Attack on Jewish community to limit their influence
Driven from below: yes
Boycott- channeling the SA violence into an organised event it's a response to nazi violence Nuremberg laws- attacks on mixed marriages
1935: violence
Builds up against the Jews
1938: year of significant
Change
How many Jewish grandparents do you need to have to be considered Jewish
Civil servants said 3, Nazis said 2
Why did lots of the Jews join communism?
Communism promised equality
Why can't Jews and Germans have relations or get married
Contaminates purity of German blood and the children will be polluted
Law for protection: why can't women be domestic servants under the age of 45
Cut off period to have kids. If there were women in households the Jewish men would rape them and have contaminated kids
1936: Jews are conflicted and confused about what to do next
Different Jewish meetings one saying Jews should stay the worst is over and other saying Jews have got to get out now
What's wrong with the Nuremberg laws
Doesn't state who it is targeted at
1936: why is antisemitism toned down
Due to the olympics Nazis want to be on their best behaviour
1936: office of emigration set up
Estimated 150,000 left between march 1933 and November 1938 some people came back as they thought the worst was over
Hitler's anti-Semitic views weren't new: where did many of Hitler's arguments come from
Gobineau and Houston Stewart chamberlain
Persecution of the Jews: sacking Jewish professor
Had influence over young people
Hitler's anti-Semitic views weren't new: what were chamberlains view
He developed gobineau's argument stating "the purest race was the Aryan race of which Germans were the best example"
Does Hitler make a decision on the grandparents
He doesn't as he doesn't want all responsibility on him as he doesn't want to be unpopular
1936: argument against hitler being influenced from below
He is actually the one controlling it all and making the decisions
Hitler's anti-Semitic views weren't new: what was gobineau argument
Human kind is divided and some races are more superior than others
Why did the nazis hate the jews: Hitler's quoted in mein kampf
If 12500 Jews had been gassed at the start of the war, a million German lives would have been saved
Hitler's view on blood: what did Hitler believe about Jewish blood
If Jews and Aryans married their blood would mix and be polluted by the dominating Jewish blood weakening the aryan blood
Why did the nazis hate the jews: stab in the back, himmler believed
If Jews weren't destroyed they would betray Germany again
The debate: origins of the holocaust- the intentionalists
Include historians like fleming and argue that Hitler intended extermination early on and Hitler's central
The debate: origins of the holocaust- the structuralist
Include people like noakes and pridham and kershaw arguing it was very chaotic influenced by pressure from below
1938: SD
Intelligence branch of the SS set up a section for Jewish affairs
1938: lead up to Krystal knacht
Invasion in Austria where a large uproar of antisemitism was brought to the Jews
What did structuralist think about the Nazis violence
It was out of control and had to be channelled into an event such as a boycott, night of broken glass
How well was the Nuremberg planned
It was very last minute written on the back of a menu finished st 2:30am very chaotic
1935: marriage
Jewish German marriage banned
Mischlinge
Jewish blood is dominant mixed race can they be trusted
Theory of the law for protection of German blood and honour
Jews and citizens of Germany can't get married or have relations
Culture: what idea did Wagner have a give to hitler
Jews have no culture of their own so they hijack others and distort it, they parasite off other people
1938: what happened in the Austria uproar
Jews kicked in the street made to scrub it and 40,000 Jews seized from their homes
A second law had to be created called
Law for protection of German blood and honour
Why did the nazis hate the jews: who wasn't Russian and Jewish
Lennon and stalin
Persecution of the Jews: limitations to Jews in education
Limited to 5% education to give more aryans education
1936: significance of antisemitism being toned down
Nazi antisemitism is affected by other factors such as image, popular opinion, the economy Hitler says cant go straight for the attack
Opportunist: no
Nazis sticking with their racial theories
1934
Nothing stands out so anti-Semitism is on and off
Unplanned: yes
Nuremberg laws Krystal knacht( goering and himmler not informed)
Opportunist: yes
Nuremberg laws last minute Boycott- supposed to be indefinite but called off after a day Goebbels night of broken glass- he's desperate to restore his credibility in party
1936: who want to emigrate
Professionals such as doctors and lawyers as they know they'll be accepted, easiest to emigrate are the young but the old and experienced want to emmigrate
Hitler's view on blood: what did Hitler believe about blood
Purity of blood is the source of culture and conquest, the purer the blood the stronger the nation
Jews are based on
Race and will always be Jewish In the eyes of Nazis even if they convert
Inconsistent: yes
Race vs religion 1936 olympics
1936: problem with emigration as a policy
Reich office operates very slowly, lots of countries reluctant to take Jews as they've been stripped of their wealth
Inconsistent: no
Removal of Jews from cultural life Boycott Jewish department stores
Driven from below: no
Sep 1935 violence died down around this time Nuremberg rally comes around Hitler gives the go ahead orders- Nuremberg laws and tells goebbels to go ahead with night of broken glass
1937: hitler makes a speech at Nuremberg attaching Jewish Bolshevism
Shows how hitler sets the tone for anti Semitism by portraying them as communists
In 1935 how strong is anti semitism
Strong sense
1938: arguments with SD
The SS are increasingly taking control of Jewish policy and the running of Jewish issues
1938: eichmann who runs the SS and SD is part of
The final solution
What was kershaws argument as a structuralist
The road to auschwitz was a twisted one it's not a straight line and he argued Hitler didn't intend extermination early on just something that falls into place later
Document 406: the nazi view on anti Semitic is confused and inconsistent as
They base is on religion in document 406 instead of race
1936: what's the nazi policy with Jews at this stage
To emigrate not exterminate- try and get the news out of Germany this is what SS believed
1935: Nuremberg laws
Unplanned law
Why did the nazis hate the jews: what did the germans blame the jews for
Versailles as they signed it
Why did Hitler want the Nuremberg laws
Wants a law on the motive of race relations between Jews and aryans
Why did the nazis hate the jews: Germans believed communism
Was a plot by the Jews for world domination as Karl Marx founder of communism was Jewish
Why did the nazis hate the jews: himmler quote
We had a duty to exterminate this bacteria, before they destroy us once again
Persecution of the Jews: what did Hindenburg say about the restoration of professional civil service
You can't sack Jewish civil servants who had family fallen in war or fought in the war
wansee conference 1942
met to discuss the final solution
What population of Germany was Jewish
0.7%