Antisemitism

Western and Eastern Jews (OstJuden)

1880s outside migration from Easter Europe (Jews) move West. Established Jewish communities by the late 19th century are successful when Eastern Jews come over and are poor. Western Jews don't want to be reminded of what they used to be. Late 18th century: Jews are expelled by emancipation Late 19th century: Jews are being picked on

What is Zionism

A jewish response to the perceived failure acceptance by general society even after assimilation. Zionist argue that Jewish state, is the only state ran by Jews and where jews are the majority, the only way to guanrantee normalization.

Neo- Colonialism

A would with no formal control there are parts/ countries that are still influenced with older imperialists power. U.S preference: Ability to have control although you don't have absolute influence.

Emergence of The New Antisemitism

After the Six Day war 1967 Russian trained armies defeated in 6 days by Israel Response: Russian antisemitism moves into new gear. After 1967 USSR began to flood world with anti- Zionist propaganda. Everything bad about Jews is projected onto Israel.

Trajectory of Antisemitism

Ancient hostility to Jews was directed at Jew for religious reasons. Christian and Muslim antisemitism was directed at JEws as religion. Medieval period= Jews began to take on a proto- racist character Modern Antisemitism element of political mobilization and innate cultural markers

Events (Muslim)

Arab nationalism as the Ottoman Empire crumbles for internal and external reasons. Increase of Arab nationalism (19th and 20th) European pressures and penetraion includes using dhimmi minorites as their agents Zionism compounds this status mov. for Jews. They also assert themselves physically as Zionists.

Revolutionary Left Movement

Cold War Context: Soviet Training And/ Or resistance for all revolutionary movement. Europe: Germany (Red Army Faction LAC: Cuba, Nicaragua all were anti-capitalists and pro- liberation for non- european people

Double Standard

Criticism of Israel is applied selectively UN Human rights council 9 countires specific resolutions had been passed, all of them targeting Israel,

Sharanksy's 3D test

Demonization Double Standard Delegitimization

The Problem (Zionist)- The New Antisemitism

Directed at the new Jewish State, this new antisemitism can't hide behind legitimate criticism of Israel, making it more difficult to identity, especially when its couched in the lang. of human rights

Traditional vs. Hellenizers

During last century BCE Hellenizers wanted to assimilate with dominant majority group Informants are hellenizers

Late 19th Century

Emergence of racial idea. No amount of correct etiquette will change their race

Orthodox vs. Reform Judaism

First time as of Self Hatred was introduced Self Hatred is asserted by the orthodox- reform Judaists

What elements are continuity between old and new antisemitism?

Global conspiracy and control Demonization Attacking Jewish targets globally

Anciant (Pre- Christian) Philosemitism

Greek societies: Jews were widely admired for a number of reasons. 1. Philosophical sophisticated 2. Ppl. with antiquitiy 3. Cardinal virtues (courage, temperance, justice) 4. Moses the law giver

Renaissance and Aftermath

Humanism rekindles interest in ancient texts and ideas. Since Jewish are among these, an emerging group of Christians Hebraist Greco- Roman: Admiration for Jewish scholarship and determination to preserve identity Adds sustained Christian interest in Jewish law and Jewish mystical thought (kabbala) An inspiration for hew polity with religious tolerance The REFORMATION strengthens this interest 1. Element of control 2. Protestants emphasized on being able to increase literacy and read the Bible. It's not all philosemitic because some of them wanted to convert Jews.

Jews symbolizes Arabs societies failure

Indexes the inversion of prior hierarchy locally and geopolitically Israel existence symbolizes Arab and Muslim failure Israel vicotry over Arab monarchy in 1948-9 demonstrates the impotence of monarchies. Israel victory over new Arab dictators iin 1967 demonstrates the impotence of new imported ideologies.

Pathological Characteristics

Insanity Mental Illness Inbreeding: Funny Feet Slumped Feet

How is dejudaization framed and justified?

Israel to represent all the evils against which the USSR is fighting. Agent of western imperialist Propagator of national, parochial interests

What sort of nationalism (Zionist)?

Jewish religion- definition vs. racial antisemitism's definition (Jews are define by their mother) In order to get immigration of Israel you have to have Jewish grandparents

Soviet Language

Jews are increasingly associated with undesirable political ideas, antisemitic fiction and pseudo- scholarly monographs. 1. Standard left and right antisemitic assertions: Jews are liberals, cosmopolitans 2. Morally infused adj. exam- barbarians and pirates

New Soviet Language

Jews as Nazis: Twisting the idea of a "Chosen people" into the Herreonvolk/ Zionist collaborated with Nazis during WWII Jews as Racist: Trying to build a case for twinning Zionism with Apertheid Jews as Colonialists: Era of decolinization, Jews are going in the wrong direction

Reemergence of medieval conditional acceptance

Jews can only hope to be accepted and tolerated if they convert. Characteristics of a Good Jew: 1. Distance themselves from religion. 2. Deny Jewish "peoplehood" and dist. themselves from any ethnoreligious pride expressing itself through state 3. Emphasize/ take pride in: Radical political ideas associated with the Biblical prophet and Jewish culture

Philosemitism- Early Christians

Knotty relationship bet. Christianity and Judaism arises from Paul's goal to "reformulate Judaism as a universalistic message." A number of paths for subsequent Christian thinkings (dual covenant super cession with Jews as "witness" ppl. Ground for Philosemitism remains in Paul's Epistle to the Romans

Self Hatred 2

Long lasting phenomenon among Jews because of exile and constant minority status. Jews internalize then employs negative ideas about Jews to use against Jews Disproportionate Level of (obsessive) jewcentricity which demands that Jews- often only Jews- are to blame

Modernity

Malleability and Cosmopolitan transcendence of Jewish identity. Global identity The ability of being individualize

Ethno- religious

Many recognize there can be secular Jews who carry with them elements of Jewish culture

Epicenter of Muslim antisemitism

More freedom to express antisemite ideas in Arab and Muslim societies. (illocutionary in all sense) Expressive Directive commissive

Eastern European Jews

More religious, more radical politically and poorer, with more tradition. Eastern Jews came to remind Western Jews of who they were 100 years ago.

NEW Antisemitism

Not just anti- Israel, Obsessive focus on Israel and hostility to Israeal because it was est. as a Jewish state everything about ISrael has to be bad- Demonization and antisemitism

Result of epicenter

One is expected to express ideas Implications for countries and groups seem to be allies for Jews. there is a deep internalization that Jews control the world it's really easy to jump to that conclusion when something happens. Exa. 9/11, political leadership- Israel invented democracy, capitalism and want to rule the world.

Assimilated enlightment Jews vs. ostjuden

Ostjuden- Jews of eastern Europe Self Hatred is asserted by the ostjudent to englightment JEw

Motives for Stalin's dejudaization

People who represent dissent are targeted Look out for Jewish writers and intellectual. Dissent vs. totalitarian

Early Christian Zionists

Restoration Early 19th C. Wanted to restore Jews in the Holy Land

Otto Weinger:

Sex/ Character (He was a Jew) See Jews as race Jews are saturated with femininity, they are not creative and are ruled by their physical needs, the antithesis of rationality. He killed himself because he realized that as a Jew he couldn't be a real man or creative so he solved the problem

Karl Marx

The modern commercial world is a Jewish creation By creating a utopian socialists society you need to rid the world of jews There is no room for Jews as a separate ethnic or cultural identity

Racial Antisemitism

The more we head into racial antisemitism the more we realize we can't change there inherent difference about Jews.

The culmination

The protocols of the Elders of Zion

Stage 1 (Self Hatred)

There are ways to improve ourselves. Internalize idea of others. Problem: When you try to project what the majority says many will not notice your efforts.

Easter and Western Jews

There is a religious/ cultural difference between western/ eastern Jews

Source of Anxiety: Failure

Transition from military and scientific dominance to weakness. Transition- this sequence of failures has been central gaol of Arab political thought since the 1920s.

Demonization

When Israel actions are blown out all sensible proportions Not legitmate criticism of Israel Extends to Zionist and assertive national Jews in general Types of Demonization: Unambigous association with undesirable ideologies. Zionism- Racism/ Zionazis Power Hungry: World Jewry- international Zionism- complex network of financers aspiring to global domination Demonization of the new assertive, nationalist Jew

Delegimization

When Israel fundemental rights to exists is denied. Types: 1. Denied right to exist for trampling on other people's right 2. REcent and emerging debate about indegenous rights 3. Deny Jewish peoplehood

Self Hatred

When someone starts to believe they are waht the majority group says they are. (It doesn't matter how much a Jew tries to become German, there will always be a flaw) Majority group will constantly remind the "others" of their difference. Things become more self hating when you start moving out of the religious realm, when one distinguishes themselves culturally/ racially that's when they are seen as self hating.

muslims deep anxiety about direction

comprehensive attitude grows during times of anxiety and anomie (Describes society that has lost its guiding norms all moral orders crumble and generate intense anxiety) It promises and provides vision of order by explaining events. Muslim society reflect deep anxiety about the direction in which Muslim society is heading

Non- align block

countries that aren't formally connected to either the U.S or Soviet but because they have gained independence their ideology are non- imperialists (leaning more to the Soviet)

Radical Politics

(Tends not to be religious) 18th Century: Liberating society from monarchy, aristrocracy and the Church. Late 19th century: Nietzche's portrayal of Jews as responsible for "slave rebellion in morals" and having the intellectual and collective moral fortitude to resist corrupt majority opinion. Some of the same intellectual roots for subsequent 19th C antisemitism and philosemitism: Moral discourse: Emphasize univesalist ideas of virtues and humanity Scientific discourse: Distinguish among ppl.s

4 basic models of ethnic dejudaization

1) Dejudaization in Russia: Jewish Ally Committe- The giving of resources from the U.S to the Jewish group. Stalin was ok with it in order to resources. Doctor's plot- blame Jews/ JAC- prosecuted Poland: Strong anti- Russian feeling after WWII this stalin couldn't get rid of enough Jews. After his death dejudaization occurs as part of desalinization. 3) Moscow: Stalin uses the of Jews taking control because somehow they are running Czecholosvakia after WWII. Stimulating fear of Jews running control. 4) Moscow

Competing Solutions emerge

1. Arab socialism/ secular models= copying west. thi is dominant till 1970s vs. 2. Islamists models- selectively appropriating aspects of western science and combining them with mre authentic Muslim cultural codes that criticized corruption

Globalized along 2 paths

1. Deepening connection bet. Soviets and anti- Western/ anti capitalists groups everywhere 2. Slow infusion of these idea into progressive politicas in general peaceful/ Moderate

3 streams of thought with the experiment of emancipation

1. Traditional (Orthodox) Jewish response was do not do anything, e.g. assimilate or acculturate. 2. Modern Jews said to continue assimilating because they believed that the antisemites are right, in that there is something wrong with the Jewish people. 3. No hope, because still losing. As a result, Zionism emerges.