AP Bio 5th Period Test Questions

Graphs representing enzymes sensitive to changes to pH include which of the following?

1,11, and 111 only

Enzymes with their highest activity at an alkaline (basic) pH are represented by which at the following graphs?

11 only

Based on figure 1, the net number of ATP molecules produced during glycolysis from the metabolism of a single glucose molecule is closest to which of the following?

2

If NAF is added to cells undergoing cellular respiration, which of the following will most likely accumulate in the cells?

2-phosphoglycerate

If 45% of nucleotides in double stranded DNA are guanine, what % is expected to be cytosine?

45%

What does the backbone of dna and rna consist of?

5' phospholipid-sugar- 3'

The sequence for a segment of DNA is 5'-ATGTACTAAGC-3' . Using this segment, determine which of the following segments would form pairs to produce normal double helix of DNA?

5'-GCTTAGTACAT-3'

In a certain flock of sheep, 4% of the population has black wool and 96% has white wool. Assume that the population is in Hardy - Weinberg equilibrium. What percentage of the population is homozygous for white wool?

64%

Site of conversion of chemical energy of glucose to ATP

A - mitochondria

What statement describes what happens when two monosaccharides are joined together to form a disaccharides?

A dehydration reaction that joins two monosaccharides and creates a water molecule as a byproduct

What is the most likely explanation for the change in the slope of the line between 3 and 5 minutes?

A large amount of the substrate had been consumed

Which of the following correctly illustrates dipeptide and an amino acid in the optimal position to form a tripeptide?

A.

Which of the following best explains the mechanism by which alanine inhibits pyruvate kinase activity?

Alanine binds to an allosteric site if the enzyme, changing the shape of the enzyme's active site

Which of the following is evidence that eukaryotic and prokaryotic share a common ancestor?

All eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells contain ribosomes

Which statement is justified by mitochondria having dna and ribosomes?

An ancestral cell most likely engulfed an anaerobic prokaryotic cell in a relationship beneficial for both

Site of glucose synthesis

B - chloroplast

Which of the following is characteristic of mitochondria and chloroplasts that supports the endosymbiotic theory?

Both contain DNA molecules

carbon from CO2 is incorporated into organic molecules

Calvin cycle

What best explains changes seen in S. Pistillata in response to changing conditions?

Corals adaptation is an example of natural selection because tolerance is in response to natural selection because tolerance is in response to a changing environment and has genetic basis

Bacteriophages are viruses that infect bacteria. In an experiment, bacteriophages were labeled either radioactive phosphorus or radioactive sulfur. The labels were incubated with bacteria for a short amount of time and destroyed. Based on the result of the experiment, which of the following types of molecules did the bacteriophages most likely inject into the bacteria cells?

DNA

Simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion are related in that both

Depend on a concentration gradient

The diagram below shows energy changes in a specific chemical reaction with and without the addition of an enzyme to the reaction. Which of the following questions can best be answered by the diagram?

Does the addition of an Enzyme reduce the activation energy required for a reaction?

Which of the following statements might explain the increase in average beak size in the finch population during the drought?

Finches with bigger beaks are better able to crack thick-walled seeds and produce more surviving offspring

Which of the following illustrations best represents the response?

Food vesicle binds with a lysosome

What best supports 2 species have structures/similarities as result convergent evolution?

Genetic: low Function: same Form: different

Which of the following best describes the likely evolution of the TAS2R38 locus in the gorilla population?

Gorillas who could taste bitter toxins were more likely to survive and reproduce than nontasters

.24. True about nitrogenous base pairing in DNA

Guanine and cytosine pair, forming 3 hydrogen bonds

The O2 released during photosynthesis comes from...

H20

The wing of a bat, the flipper of a whale, and the forelimb of a horse appear very different, yet detailed studies reveal the presence of the same base bone pattern. These structures are examples of

Homologous Structures

Which of the following questions is most relevant to understanding the Calvin cycle?

How is ATP used in the formation of the 3-carbon carbohydrates?

Which of the following is a plausible explanation for the ancestry of the tortoise subspecies?

Individuals with different adaptations in shell shape and leg length best exploited the food resources and left more surviving offspring on each island

What best supports the claim that pesticides will eventually lose their effectiveness?

Insects are naturally resistant to pesticide and will survive and reproduce more than insects that are sensitive to pesticides

Which of the following is most directly responsible for water's unique properties?

It forms hydrogen bonds

Which is true about the structure of the prokaryotic cell?

It has a cell wall exterior to the plasma membrane and contains ribosomes

Which of the following statement best summarizes organic evolution as it is viewed by modern evolutionists?

It is the differential survival and reproduction of certain phenotypes

process in which CO2 is released as a byproduct of oxidation-reduction reaction

Krebs cycle

process in which o2 is released as a byproduct of oxidation-reduction reactions

Light dependent reactions of photosynthesis

Of the following macromolecules, which one is responsible for insinuating and protecting vital organs?

Lipids

What best explains directional shift in beak length in these birds?

Longer beaks allow birds to better access to bird feeders

Which of these contains hydrolytic enzymes associated with the intracellular digestion of macromolecules?

Lysosome

Within the cell, many chemical reactions that, by themselves, require energy input (have a positive free energy change) can occur because the reactions

May be coupled with the hydrolysis of ATP

Which of the following statement is justified with the endosymbiont theory?

Mitochondria have their own dna and divide independently

Which accurately describes one of the movements taking place?

Na+ transport out of the cell requires ATP hydrolysis

Which of the following conclusions is best supported by the information presented in the graph?

Natural selection over multiple generations is favoring antibiotic resistance in the population of bacteria

Which of the following best matches the fertilizer component with the molecule in which it will be incorporated by organisms in the area?

Nitrogen will be incorporated into nucleic acids

Which of the following is not a type of bond used to connect monomers in biological macromolecules?

Nitrogenous pairing

Which of the following best explains the location of the amino acids in the folded protein?

Nonpolar R groups that cannot form hydrogen bonds with water are pushed into the middle of the protein

Which of the following experimental designs should the students use as a control for the experiment?

Place a catalase-soaked disk into a beaker of water

Which of the following experimental designs will result in the fastest net rate of water movement into chamber A?

Placing salt water in chamber A and distilled water in chamber B

Which of the macromolecules below could form structural parts of the cell, be enzymes, or be involved in cell movement or communication

Proteins

Which of these are synthesized at the ribosomes?

Proteins

During respiration, most ATP is formed as a direct result of the net movement of

Protons down a concentration gradient

Which of the following is not a component that would make up a nucleotide monomer of DNA?

Ribose sugar

Based on the data, which type of cell would be best suited for lining the alveoli of the lungs, where diffusion of carbon dioxide and oxygen must occur very rapidly?

Simple squamous cells

What is the best explanation for increase in average coyote size following crash in rabbit population?

Smaller coyotes were at a hunting disadvantage, fewer surviving long enough to reproduce

The figure represents a rough endoplasmic reticulum. Which of the following best describes the role of structure labeled y?

Structure y is the location where protein is synthesized

Which of the following describes the relationship between the amount of chlorophyll in a water sample and the concentration of nitrogen in that sample

The concentration of nitrogen and chlorophyll are directly correlated

Hydrolysis is involved in which of the following?

The digestion of sucrose, a disaccharide, to its monomers of glucose and fructose

Based on figure 1, which of the following best explains the differences in ATP production between these two molecules?

The electron of FADH₂ are transferred through three complexes of the electron transport chain whereas those of NADH are transferred through four complexes

The reversal in beak size from 1988 to 1933 was most likely related to which of the following events?

The end of the drought

Which of the following would best explain the change in fur color distribution, as shown in the table above?

The field was primarily composed of light-colored soil and little vegetation, affording gray mice protection from predators

( B=0.4 and b= 0.6) - 5 years - ( B=0.6 and b= 0.4) THE SQUIRREL PROBLEM -Which of the following best describes the increase in the frequency of the B allele in the population after 5 years?

The frequency of the B allele increased due to the selective pressures of the environment

Which of the following best describes why the disks rose to the surface faster in the more concentrated hydrogen peroxide solutions?

The higher substrate concentrations in the more concentrated solutions sped up the reactions

The amino acid sequence of cytochrome c is exactly the same in humans and chimps. There is a difference of 13 amino acids between the cytochrome c of humans and dogs, and a difference of 20 amino acids between the cytochrome c of humans and rattlesnakes.

The human is apparently more closely related to the chimps than to the dog or rattlesnake

Which of the following best explains how the phospholipid bilayer of a transport vesicle contributes for cellular functions?

The phospholipid bilayer allows the vesicle to fuse with the Golgi Apparatus and the plasma membrane, allowing the exocytosis of proteins

Which of the following best explains the advantages that these projections provide the cell?

The projections increase the surface-to-volume ratio of the cell, which allows for more efficient nutrient exchange with the environment.

Which part of an amino acid will determine if the amino acid is hydrophobic or hydrophilic

The r-group

Which of the following statements best helps explain the reaction specificity of an enzyme?

The shape and charge of the substances are compatible with the active site of the enzyme

The figure illustrates a eukaryotic cell. Which of the following best describes how the three structures indicated by the arrows work together?

To synthesize and isolate proteins for secretion or for use in the cell

In which of the following tubes did the greatest reduction of DCPIP occur after 60 minutes?

Tube 2

Why does the plasma membrane have 2 layers?

Two oppositely oriented layers of phospholipids allow only hydrophilic heads to interact with water inside and outside the cell

The diagram shows how water can adhere to the xylem in the stems of plants, this contributes to water movement in the plant. Which of the following best explains how water is able to move upward from the root of the plant, through the xylem of the stem, and out through the leaves?

Water and xylem are both polar. Water molecules have the ability to form hydrogen bonds with each other and the walls of the xylem.

Which of the following best describes the role of water in photosynthesis?

Water molecules donate electrons to the electron transport chain

process found in both photosynthesis and cellular respiration

chemiosmosis

The reactions of glycolysis occur in the

cytosol

When a substance moves across the plasma membrane along a concentration gradient at a rate faster than would be expected by simple diffusion alone but without the expenditure of metabolic energy, the process is best described as

facilitated diffusion

when sugar is oxidized to pyruvic acid

glycolysis

Which of the following graphs best predicts the distribution of beak depth in the finch population after several years of drought?

gradual incline

In darwinian terms, the fittest individuals of a species are those that _.

leave the greatest number of reproducing descendents

important difference between light-dependent and independent reactions of photosynthesis

light - dependent produces ATP and NADPH independent uses energy stored in ATP and NADPH

The organelle that is a major producer of ATP and is found in both heterotrophs and autotrophs is the __.

mitochondrion

If the potato solution has boiled for 10 minutes and cooled for 10 minutes before being tested, the average time for the disks to float to the surface of the hydrogen peroxide solution would be _.

more than 30 seconds

The most likely explanation for the results shown in Graph 1 is that

pH affects the shape of the active site of the enzyme

which of the following components of the cell membrane is responsible for active transport?

protein

If p equals the frequency of the dominant allele and q equals the frequency of the recessive allele. Which of the following terms represent the frequency of the individuals who show the dominant phenotype?

p² + 2pq

Evolutionary fitness is measured by _.

reproductive success

A student analyzed a viral genome and found that the genome had the following nucleotide composition: 28% adenine, 20% thymine, 35% cytosine, 17% guanine. Which of the following best describes the structure of the viral genome?

single-stranded DNA

Structure of a viral genome

single-stranded DNA

Which of the following graphs is the most appropriate representation of the experiment results documented in the table?

the bar graph

Which of the following organelles modifies and packages for secretion the materials produced by the ribosome?

the golgi apparatus

The synthesis of protein or carbohydrate polynomials always produce which of the following as a byproduct?

water