ap bio cells
The mitochondria has an amazing design. It produces
ATP
What is required to move molecules against a concentration gradient?
ATP
What is meant by facilitated diffusion?
Does not require energy but does require a membrane protein to move molecules along the concentration gradient
Which of the following describes the solute concentration of a hypertonic solution?
Large amounts of solutes
Which of the following describes the solute concentration of a hypotonic solution?
Low solute concentration
What are two functions of the smooth ER?
Produce lipids and break down toxins
Explain why the water will move in the cell when placed in distilled water
There is more water outside the blood cell, it's going to explode the cell
A semipermeable membrane is stretched across a chamber filled with water. The membrane is only permeable to water. 60 mg of salt is added to the left side of the chamber. Which of the following will happen
Water will move toward the left side
Unlike eukaryotes, prokaryotes do not have:
a membrane bound nucleus
Endocytosis and Exocytosis are what type of transport?
active transport
schleiden and schwann both believed
all living things are made up of cells, cells come from other cells, the cell is the basic unit of life
animalcules
anton can leeuwenhoek
Which of the following could be found in both the nucleus and the cytoplasm.
both RNA and ribosomes
the word cyto means
cell
The _ controls what enters and leaves the cell
cell membrane
This structure serves as the outer boundary of the eukaryotic cell:
cell membrane
Which of the following cell parts is described as a "fluid mosaic"
cell membrane
surface area and volume are limiting factors for cell size
cell size
Which of the following is found in plant cells, but not animal cells?
cell wall
in plant cells only, rigid structure made of peptidoglycan and cellulose, makes it difficult for plants to digest
cell wall
Which of the following is NOT one of the main components of the cell theory?
cells must contain DNA
this moves chromosomes during cell division, builders or cytoskeleton, in animal cells only
centrosomes (centrioles)
stiffens membrane by connecting phospholipids
cholestrerol
Lysosomes
contain enzymes,aid in digestion of viruses and organelles, Contain proteins
Cell organelles are located within the _ of the cell.
cytoplasm
The jellylike interior of the cell is called the
cytoplasm
all cells have: (in prokaryotic cells)
cytoplasm, plasma membrane, ribosomes, DNA
network of fibers that gives support and structure to the cell, cilia and flagella function in movement
cytoskeleton
A cell that is missing lysosomes would have difficulty doing what?
digest food
Facilitated diffusion _ require energy and uses the help of _
does not, transport proteins
Some cells take in large molecules through the process of .
endocytosis
Taking in large amounts of material is called
endocytosis
a group of organelles that work to process, package, and secrete proteins, ribosomes make the proteins, golgi apparatus packages and exports
endomembrane system
Identify the organelle.
endoplamic reticulum
Amino acid chains built by the ribosomes then move to the.
endoplasmic reticulum
What part of the cell serves as the intracellular highway?
endoplasmic reticulum
provides a possible explanation for the origin for the origin of eukaryotic cells, particularly the mitochondria and chloroplast
endosymbiosis
What are the mitochondria and chloroplasts most closely associated with?
energy
the liquid interior in the _ cells are the cytoplasm
eukaryotic
The release of large amounts of material is called
exocytosis
How is facilitated diffusion different from diffusion?
facilitated diffusion requires the use of a transport prtein
The centriole is most like the
flagella
Which of the following structures has a 9+2 arrangement.
flagella
Which of the following organelles would not be found in a plant cell.
food vacuole
The door to your house is like the _ of a cell membrane
gated channel
Which of the following would you NOT find in a bacterial cell?
golgi apparatuc
The organelle functions to package and deliver proteins.
golgi apparatus
What part of the cell serves to process, package and export proteins?
golgi apparatus
total volume of a cell is
height x width x number of cubes
total surface area of a cell is
height x width x number of sides x number of cubes
water moves out of the cell, cell shrink
hypertonic
water moves into the cell, cell could burst
hypotonic
no net movement
isotonic
This organelle is responsible for destroying worn-out parts
lysosomes
What part of the cell is responsible for breaking down and digesting things?
lysosomes
found in animals cells, known as the "garbage disposal" because they break down substances
lysosomes
Which is NOT descriptive of the nucleus?
makes ribosomes
nucleolus
makes ribosomes
believed call plants were made of cells which contributed to the development of the cell theory
matthias schleiden
main features: (eukaryotic cells)
membrane-bound nucleus w/ chromosomes
Which technology was essential for the development of the cell theory?
microscope
Identify the organelle pictured.
mitochondria
provides energy in the form of ATP, responsible for cellular respiration
mitochondria
This organelle functions in cellular respiration
mitochondrion
Located within the nucleus, it is responsible for producing ribosomes.
nucleolus
Genetic material is contained within the _ of a cell.
nucleus
Where are ribosomes usually located in animal and plant cells?
on the endoplasmic reticulum
Tiny structures that carry out cell functions are collectively called:
organelles
What are the 2 main types of transport in a cell?
passive and active
selective permeable, only some things can cross
passive transport
small organelles that carry out oxidation reactions, enzymes within them safely break down hydrogen peroxide
peroxisomes
The chloroplasts are amazing! They are designed to hold abundant chlorophyll for.
photosynthesis
phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins
plasma membrane
what are the connections between intercellular junctions
plasmodesmata, tight junctions, desmosomes, gap juctions
the disorder causes cells to not create normal cilia
primary ciliary dyckinesia
doesnt have a membrane bound nuucleus, smaller than eukayotic cells
prokarotic cells
Ribosomes consist of two components; what are they?
proteins and RNA
The rough endoplasmic reticulum has _located on it.
ribosomes
What part of the cell makes proteins
ribosomes
Which structure is directly responsible for the formation of proteins within the cell
ribosomes
site of protein synthesis, floats in cytoplasm and found attached to endoplasmic reticulum, mRNA provides the code to build a chain of amino acids
ribosomes
Which of the following is composed of a large and a small subunit.
ribsomes
nammed cells "cells", "micrographia", first person to see cells under the microscope
robert hooke
He advanced the cell theory with his conclusion that cells could only come from other cells
rudolph virchow
believed that all animals were made of cells
schwann
The phospholipid bilayer of the cell membrane is like a(n)?
screen door
What is the name of a common transport protein used in Active Transport?
sodium/potassium pump
Rudolph Virchow's observations helped to disprove was commonly held belief of the time?
spontaneous generation
The Golgi apparatus (or complex) is in charge of.
taking organic molecules produced in the ER and shipping them to where they need to go.
contains chromosomes which store info
the nucleus
What is the main difference between rough and smooth ER?
the rough has ribosomes attached; the smooth does not
Which is true of the cell's vacuoles?
they act as "storage containers"
contractile vacuoles are found in freshwater microrganisms
they pump out excess water
Vacuoles in plants may contain
toxins, watercolor pigments (are like storage)
The endoplasmic reticulum functions too
transport materials
The ER (rough and smooth) are attached to the nuclear membrane and are like "organic molecule factories"
true
plants have a large central _
vacuole
can fuse with the membranes and transport materials out of the cell
vesicles
used for storage and transport
vesicles and vacuoles
Explain why the blood cells will shrivel up when adding them to salt water?
water over times moves from a high water concentration to a low water concentration. the ratio of water to the sugar molecules is the same
The lipid bilayer keeps the inside of the cell membrane.
wet
