AP Bio Ch 4 prac test questions
Which structure is NOT part of the endomembrane system? nuclear envelope plasma membrane Golgi apparatus ER chloroplast
chloroplast
The liver is involved in detoxification of many poisons and drugs. Which of the following structures is primarily involved in this process and therefore abundant in liver cells? Golgi apparatus smooth ER transport vesicles rough ER nuclear envelope
smooth ER
The smallest cell structure that would most likely be visible with a standard (not super-resolution) research-grade light microscope is a ribosome. a microtubule. a nuclear pore. a microfilament. a mitochondrion.
A mitochondrion
The Golgi apparatus has a polarity or sidedness to its structure and function. Which of the following statements correctly describes this polarity? Proteins in the membrane of the Golgi may be sorted and modified as they move from one side of the Golgi to the other. Lipids in the membrane of the Golgi may be sorted and modified as they move from one side of the Golgi to the other. Transport vesicles fuse with one side of the Golgi and leave from the opposite side. Soluble proteins in the cisternae (interior) of the Golgi may be sorted and modified as they move from one side of the Golgi to the other. All of the above correctly describe polar characteristics of the Golgi function.
All of the above
Centrioles, cilia, flagella, and basal bodies have remarkably similar structural elements and arrangements. Which of the following hypotheses is most plausible in light of such structural similarities? Motor proteins such as dynein must have evolved before any of these four kinds of structures. Cilia and flagella coevolved in the same ancestral eukaryotic organism. Cilia and flagella arise from the centrioles. Natural selection for cell motility repeatedly selected for microtubular arrays in circular patterns in the evolution of each of these structures. Loss of basal bodies should lead to loss of all cilia, flagella, and centrioles.
Cilia and flagella arise from the centrioles.
All of the following are part of a prokaryotic cell except a plasma membrane. a cell wall. ribosomes. DNA. an endoplasmic reticulum.
ER
What is the most likely pathway taken by a newly synthesized protein that will be secreted by a cell?
ER → Golgi → vesicles that fuse with plasma membrane
Plasmodesmata in plant cells are most similar in function to which of the following structures in animal cells? extracellular matrix desmosomes peroxisomes tight junctions gap junctions
Gap Junctions
A mutation that disrupts the ability of an animal cell to add polysaccharide modifications to proteins would most likely cause defects in its Golgi apparatus and extracellular matrix. nuclear lamina and nuclear matrix. mitochondria and Golgi apparatus. nuclear matrix and extracellular matrix. nuclear pores and secretory vesicles.
Golgi apparatus and extracellular matrix.
Why isn't the mitochondrion classified as part of the endomembrane system? It is a static structure. It has too many vesicles. It is not involved in protein synthesis. Its structure is not derived from the ER or Golgi. It is not attached to the outer nuclear envelope.
Its structure is not derived from the ER or Golgi.
Which of the following makes it necessary for animal cells, although they have no cell walls, to have intercellular junctions? Cell membranes do not distinguish the types of ions and molecules passing through them. Large molecules, such as proteins and RNA molecules, do not readily get through one, much less two, adjacent cell membranes. Cell-to-cell communication requires physical attachment of one cell to another. Maintenance of tissue integrity and barriers to fluid leakage requires cells to adhere tightly to one another. The relative shapelessness of animal cells requires a mechanism for keeping the cells aligned.
Maintenance of tissue integrity and barriers to fluid leakage requires cells to adhere tightly to one another.
Which plant cell organelle contains its own DNA and ribosomes? vacuole mitochondrion peroxisome Golgi apparatus glyoxysome
Mitochondrion
Which of the following statements about the cytoskeleton is true? The dynamic aspect of cytoskeletal function is made possible by the assembly and disassembly of a large variety of proteins into complex aggregates. Transport vesicles among the membranes of the endomembrane system produce the cytoskeleton. Movement of cilia and flagella is the result of motor proteins causing microtubules to move relative to each other. Chemicals that block the assembly of the cytoskeleton would cause little effect on the cell's response to external signals and stimuli. Microfilaments are structurally rigid and resist compression, whereas microtubules resist tension (stretching).
Movement of cilia and flagella is the result of motor proteins causing microtubules to move relative to each other.
Which of the following statements correctly describes some aspect of protein secretion from prokaryotic cells? In prokaryotes, the ribosomes that are used for the synthesis of secreted proteins are located outside of the cell. Prokaryotes are unlikely to be able to secrete proteins because they lack an endomembrane system. Proteins that are secreted by prokaryotes are synthesized on ribosomes that are bound to the cytoplasmic surface of the plasma membrane. Prokaryotes contain large pores in their plasma membrane that permit the movement of proteins out of the cell. The mechanism of protein secretion in prokaryotes is probably the same as that in eukaryotes.
Proteins that are secreted by prokaryotes are synthesized on ribosomes that are bound to the cytoplasmic surface of the plasma membrane.
Which structure is the site of the synthesis of proteins that may be exported from the cell? Golgi vesicles lysosomes free cytoplasmic ribosomes rough ER plasmodesmata
Rough ER
Which type of organelle or structure is primarily involved in the synthesis of oils, phospholipids, and steroids? smooth endoplasmic reticulum contractile vacuole ribosome lysosome mitochondrion
Smooth ER
The cell walls of bacteria, fungi, and plant cells and the extracellular matrix of animal cells are all external to the plasma membrane. Which of the following is a characteristic common to all of these extracellular structures? They must provide a rigid structure that maintains an appropriate ratio of cell surface area to volume. They must block water and small molecules in order to regulate the exchange of matter and energy with their environment. They are composed of a mixture of lipids and carbohydrates. They are constructed of polymers that are synthesized in the cytoplasm and then transported out of the cell. They must permit information transfer between the cell's cytoplasm and the nucleus.
They are constructed of polymers that are synthesized in the cytoplasm and then transported out of the cell.
Which of the following contain the 9 + 2 arrangement of microtubules, consisting of nine doublets of microtubules surrounding a pair of single microtubules? both centrioles and basal bodies both basal bodies and primary (nonmotile) cilia both motile cilia and primary (nonmotile) cilia both flagella and motile cilia centrioles only
both flagella and cilia
Which organelle or structure is absent in plant cells? Golgi vesicles centrosomes mitochondria peroxisomes microtubules
centrosomes
Which of the following produces and modifies polysaccharides that will be secreted? lysosome peroxisome Golgi apparatus vacuole mitochondrion
golgi
In a plant cell, DNA may be found only in the nucleus and chloroplasts. in the nucleus, mitochondria, and chloroplasts. in the nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplasts, and peroxisomes. only in the nucleus and mitochondria.
in the nucleus, mitochondria, and chloroplasts.
Hydrolytic enzymes must be segregated and packaged to prevent general destruction of cellular components. In animal cells, which of the following organelles contains these hydrolytic enzymes? lysosome chloroplast central vacuole peroxisome
lysosome
Tay-Sachs disease is a human genetic abnormality that results in cells accumulating and becoming clogged with very large, complex, undigested lipids. Which cellular organelle must be involved in this condition? membrane-bound ribosomes the Golgi apparatus the lysosome mitochondrion the endoplasmic reticulum
lysosome
Which of the following contains hydrolytic enzymes? Golgi apparatus vacuole mitochondrion lysosome peroxisome P
lysosome
What types of proteins are not synthesized in the rough ER? plasma membrane proteins mitochondrial proteins extracellular matrix proteins secreted proteins endoplasmic reticulum proteins
mitochondrial proteins
Which structure-function pair is MISMATCHED? ribosome; protein synthesis Golgi; protein trafficking nucleolus; production of ribosomal subunits lysosome; intracellular digestion microtubule; muscle contraction
microtubule; muscle contraction
Cyanide binds to at least one molecule involved in producing ATP. If a cell is exposed to cyanide, most of the cyanide will be found within the
mitochondria
Which structure is common to plant and animal cells? chloroplast mitochondrion central vacuole centriole wall made of cellulose
mitochondrion
Cytochalasin D is a drug that prevents actin polymerization. A cell treated with cytochalasin D will still be able to Cytochalasin D is a drug that prevents actin move vesicles around the cell. contract muscle fibers. perform amoeboid movement. form cleavage furrows. extend pseudopodia.
move vesicle around
The chemical reactions involved in respiration are virtually identical between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. In eukaryotic cells, ATP is synthesized primarily on the inner membrane of the mitochondria. In light of the endosymbiont theory for the evolutionary origin of mitochondria, where is most ATP synthesis likely to occur in prokaryotic cells? on the inner mitochondrial membrane in the cytoplasm on the inner nuclear envelope on the plasma membrane on the endoplasmic reticulum
on the plasma membrane
Which animal cell organelle contains enzymes that transfer hydrogen from various substrates to oxygen? vacuole lysosome peroxisome Golgi apparatus mitochondrion
peroxisome
Which cell would be best for studying lysosomes?muscle cell nerve cell leaf cell of a plant bacterial cell phagocytic white blood cell
phagocytic white blood cell
The volume enclosed by the plasma membrane of plant cells is often much larger than the corresponding volume in animal cells. The most reasonable explanation for this observation is that animal cells are more spherical, whereas plant cells are elongated. plant cells have a much more highly convoluted (folded) plasma membrane than animal cells. plant cells can have lower surface-to-volume ratios than animal cells because plant cells synthesize their own nutrients. plant cells are capable of having a much higher surface-to-volume ratio than animal cells. plant cells contain a large vacuole that adds to the volume of the cytoplasm.
plant cells contain a large vacuole that adds to the volume of the cytoplasm.
Which type of organelle is found in plant cells but not in animal cells? ribosomes plastids mitochondria nuclei none of these
plastids
When a potassium ion (K+) moves from the soil into the vacuole of a cell on the surface of a root, it must pass through several cellular structures. Which of the following correctly describes the order in which these structures will be encountered by the ion?
primary cell wall → plasma membrane → cytoplasm vacuole
A cell with a predominance of free ribosomes is most likely producing primarily cytoplasmic proteins. constructing an extensive cell wall or extracellular matrix. digesting large food particles. producing primarily proteins for secretion. enlarging its vacuole.
producing primarily cytoplasmic proteins.
Which of the following is present in a prokaryotic cell?chloroplast? ER nuclear envelope mitochondrion ribosome
ribosome
A primary objective of cell fractionation is to separate lipid-soluble from water-soluble molecules. separate the major organelles so that their particular functions can be determined. determine the size of various organelles. sort cells based on their size and weight.
separate the major organelles so that their particular functions can be determined.
The difference in lipid and protein composition between the membranes of the endomembrane system is largely determined by the modification of the membrane components once they reach their final destination. the physical separation of most membranes from each other. the synthesis of different lipids and proteins in each of the organelles of the endomembrane system. the transportation of membrane lipids among the endomembrane system by small membrane vesicles. the function of the Golgi apparatus in sorting and directing membrane components.
the function of the Golgi apparatus in sorting and directing membrane components.
In a liver cell detoxifying alcohol and some other poisons, the enzymes of the peroxisome remove hydrogen from these molecules and transfer the hydrogen to oxygen molecules to generate hydrogen peroxide. transfer the hydrogen to the mitochondria. use the hydrogen to break down hydrogen peroxide. combine the hydrogen with water molecules to generate hydrogen peroxide.
transfer the hydrogen to oxygen molecules to generate hydrogen peroxide.
When biologists wish to study the internal ultrastructure of cells, they can achieve the finest resolution by using a scanning electron microscope. confocal fluorescence microscope. transmission electron microscope. phase-contrast light microscope. super-resolution fluorescence microscope.
transmission electron microscope.