AP Bio Ch. 6 - Practice Quiz

Where would you expect to find proteins involved with movement of structures within a cell?

cytoskeleton

Consider a protein that is made in the rough ER. You observe that when the synthesis of the protein is completed, the protein is located in the ER membrane. Where else in the cell might this protein be found?

embedded in the plasma membrane functioning in the transport of molecules into the cell

What is most likely to be involved in the process of producing proteins for a chloroplast or mitochondrion, neither of which is part of the endomembrane system?

free cytoplasmic ribosomes

You would expect a cell with an extensive Golgi apparatus to _____.

secrete a lot of proteins

What are possible sites of protein synthesis in a typical eukaryotic?

The cytoplasm, the rough ER, the mitochondria

What correctly describes a common characteristic of a plant cell wall and an animal cell ECM?

1. Both are permeable to water and small solutes 2. both are synthesized in the ER and Golgi apparatus

Assume that when a plant cell divides, one of the daughter cells lacks chloroplasts. What would be some reasons as to why the cell could not produce new chloroplasts from scratch?

1. Chloroplasts are not part of the endomembrane system 2. chloroplasts contain unique DNA that encodes for some of their own proteins

What are 3 valid statements about the ratio of cell surface area to cell volume?

1. because of limitations in the surface-to-volume ratio, larger organisms generally do not have larger-volume cells when compared to smaller organisms 2. cells involved in uptake of materials with their environment gave large surface areas without greatly increasing their volume 3. cells with one or more convoluted surfaces have larger surface-to-volume ratios than cells with smooth surfaces

What functional processes result from the presence of proteins in or on the plasma membrane?

1. enzymatic activity 2. cell-cell recognition 3. intercellular joining 4. cell-cell communication

What is are functions of membrane proteins?

1. membrane proteins attach the membrane to the cytoskeleton 2. membrane proteins provide receptors for chemical messengers 3. membrane proteins form channels which move substances across the membrane 4. membrane proteins with short sugar chains form identication tags that are recognized by other cells

What correctly states the sidedness of the plasma membrane?

1. parts of proteins that are exposed on the cytoplasmic side of the endoplasmic reticulum are also exposed on the cytoplasmic side of the plasma membrane 2. the asymmetrical distribution of membrane proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates across the plasma membrane is determined as the membrane is being constructed. 3. every integral membrane protein has specific orientation in the plasma membrane

What is likely to limit the maximum size of a cell?

1. the time it takes a molecule to diffuse across a cell 2. the cell's surface-to-volume ratio

Which of the following cellular processes or characteristics is not related to the cytoskeleton?

1. transmission of information from the cell surface to the interior 2. movement of the chromosomes during cell division 3. movement of cilia or flagella 4. contraction of muscle cells

What is not a true statement about chloroplasts and mitochondria?

Both are composed of two separate membranes

What is a correct comparison of the ECM of animal cells and cell walls of plant cells?

Both the ECM and the plant cell wall are composed of varying mixtures of proteins and carbohydrates

In terms of cellular function, what is the most important difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Compartmentalization of the cytoplasm by membrane-bounded organelles occurs in eukaryotic cells.

What is likely to not be found in prokaryotic cells?

Mitochondria

A researcher made an interesting observation about a protein made by the rough ER and eventually used to build a cell's plasma membrane. The protein in the plasma membrane was actually slightly different from the protein made in the ER. The proteins was probably altered in the _____.

Golgi apparatus

What is a correct statement concerning carbohydrates associated with the plasma membrane?

Membrane carbohydrates function primarily in cell-cell recognition

What is a possible reason for grouping the peroxisomes with chloroplasts and mitochondria?

None of these organelles are a part of the endomembrane system

What correctly describes the role of phospholipids in forming membranes?

Phospholipids form a selectively permeable structure

Your intestine is line with individual cells. No fluids leak between these cells from the gut into your body. Why?

The intestinal cells are bound together by tight junctions.

The surface cells that line the intestines are highly folded to optimize uptake of molecules from the digestive tract. If these cells were treated with a drug that causes the breakdown of the cytoskeleton, what would be most likely to occur?

The surface of the cells would become more randomly shaped.

A certain cell contains mitochondria, ribosomes, smooth/rough ER, and several other cellular components. Based on this information, this cell could not be _____.

a bacterium.

Consider two cells with the same volume but with very different surface areas due to differences in their shapes. The cell with the larger surface area is likely to _____.

be involved in the rapid uptake of compounds from the cell's environment.

Basal bodies are most closely associatedd with what cellular component?

cilia

What is the sequence that represents the order in which a protein made in the rough ER might move through the endomembrane system?

golgi apparatus → vesicle

Bacterial cells are prokaryotic; unlike a typical eukaryotic cell they _____.

have no membrane-bounded organelles in their cytoplasm.

Chloroplasts and mitochondria are thought to be of prokaryotic origin. One piece of evidence that supports this hypothesis is that these organelles contain prokaryotic-like ribosomes. These ribosomes are probably most similar to ribosomes found _____.

in bacterial cells

Consider the currently accepted fluid mosaic model of the plasma membrane. Where in the plasma membrane would cholesterol most likely be found?

in the interior of the membrane

A protein that ultimately functions in the plasma membrane of a cell is most likely to have been synthesized _____.

in the rough ER

The walls of plant cells are largely compsed of polysaccharides and proteins that are synthesized _____.

in the rough ER and the golgi apparatus

What type of cell is most likely to have the most mitochondria?

muscle cells in the legs of a marathon runner

What category best describes the function of the rough ER?

manufacturing

What structures are found in both plant and animal cells?

mitochondria

What membrane is most likely to have a lipid composition that is distinct from the other four?

mitochondrial outer membrane

Cilia and flagella move due to the interaction of the cytoskeleton with what?

motor proteins

The observation that chloroplasts and mitochondria each contain their own DNA and synthesize some of the proteins that function in these organelles suggests that chloroplasts and mitochondria _____.

must divide each time the cell containing them divides

A plant was grown in a test tube containing radioactive nucleotides, the molecules form which DNA is built. Later examination of dividing cells in the plant showed the majority of the radioactivity to be concentrated in the _____.

nucleus.

Consider the currently accepted fluid mosiac modela of the plasma membrane. Where in the membrne would oligosaccharides most likely be found?

on the outside/external surface of the membrane

What is untrue about the cytoskeleton?

plant cells lack a cytoskeleton because they have a rigid cell wall

Dye injected into a plant cell might be able to enter an adjacent cell through a _____.

plasmodesmata

What types of information is most likely to be derived from freeze-fracture of biological samples?

proteins imbedded in membrane bilayers

Of the following organelles associated with the endomembrane system, which group is primarily involved in synthesizing molecules needed by the cell?

ribosome, rough ER, smooth ER

What organelle might be found inside other organelles?

ribosomes

What lack membranes as a part of their structure?

ribosomes and microfilaments

What features do prokaryotes and eukaryotes have in common?

ribosomes, plasma membrane, cytoplasm

Which organelles are unlikely to show enhanced abundance in the pancreatic cells that secrete large amounts of digestive enzymes?

rough Er, free cytoplasmic ribosomes, golgi apparatus, transport vesicles

What is the functional connection between the nucleolus, nuclear pores, and the nuclear membrane?

subunits of ribosomes are assembled in the nucleolus and pass through the nuclear membrane via the nuclear pores

The plasma membrane is referred to as a "fluid mosaic" structure. What correctly describes this?

the fluid component of the membrane is phospholipid and the mosaic is protein.

A substance moving from outside the cell into the cytoplasm must pass through _____.

the plasma membrane.