ap bio post test
Simple cuboidal epithelial cells line the ducts of certain human exocrine glands. Various materials are transported into or out of the cells by diffusion. (The formula for the surface area of a cube is 6 X S2, and the formula for the volume of a cube is S3, where S = the length of a side of the cube.) Which of the following cube-shaped cells would be most efficient in removing waste by diffusion?
10
Researchers propose a model to explain variation in phytoplankton cell sizes in a marine environment. They base their model on the idea that smaller cells absorb nutrients more efficiently. The researchers predict that the mean diameter of phytoplankton cells will change by 50 micrometers for every 5-kilometer increase in distance from the shore because of a gradual decrease in nutrient availability. To test their model, the researchers determine that the phytoplankton cells found closest to shore have a mean diameter of 900 micrometers. Based on the model, what will be the mean diameter of the phytoplankton cells that are found 25 kilometers from shore?
650 micrometers
Mitochondria are found in most eukaryotic cells and contain their own DNA and ribosomes that are similar to those typical of many prokaryotic cells. Which of the following statements is justified by these observations?
An ancestral cell most likely engulfed anaerobic prokaryote in a relationship that proved beneficial for both cells.
Which of the following groups of cellular components are found in eukaryotic cells but not prokaryotic cells?
An endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, and a nucleus
The following questions refer to the following diagram. For each phrase or sentence, select the labeled part to which it is most closely related. Each option may be used once, more than once, or not at all for each group. Evolved from a photoautotrophic prokaryote
B - the mitochondria
Which of the following is a characteristic of mitochondria and chloroplasts that supports the endosymbiotic theory?
Both contain DNA molecules
Two different models of a living cell are represented in the figure. which would likely be more efficient at exchanging substances with the surrounding environment?
Cell A, because it has the larger surface-area-to-volume ratio.
Which of the following are characteristic of both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
Cell membrane, ribosomes, DNA, and RNA
Which of the following is true about the structure of the prokaryotic cell represented in the figure?
It has a cell wall exterior to the plasma membrane and contains ribosomes
Which of the following best supports the statement that mitochondria are descendants of endosymbiotic bacteria-like cells?
Mitochondria and bacteria possess similar ribosomes and DNA.
Which of the following provides the weakest evidence that mitochondria were once free-living prokaryotes?
Mitochondria and prokaryotes both are found in a variety of sizes.
The endosymbiont theory proposes a model for the evolution of mitochondria. According to the model, an ancestral eukaryote engulfed a small, free-living prokaryotic organism. The engulfed prokaryote then formed an endosymbiotic relationship with the eukaryotic host. Which of the following observations best supports the model?
Mitochondria and some prokaryotes share similar metabolic reactions that produce ATP
Which of the following statements best supports the claim that certain organelles within eukaryotic cells evolved from free-living prokaryotic cells?
Some organelles contain their own DNA that is more similar to prokaryotic DNA in structure and function than to the eukaryotic DNA found in the cell's nucleus.
A spherical bacterial cell has a radius of 3μm. The human egg cell has a radius of 100μm. Which statement correctly indicates the cell that is able to more efficiently exchange materials with the external environment and provides a correct explanation?
The bacterial cell, because it has the largest surface-to-volume ratio.
In an experiment, the efficiency of oxygen exchange across the plasma membrane is being assessed in four artificial red blood cells. The table above lists some properties of those artificial cells. Other conditions being equal, which artificial cell is predicted to be the most efficient in exchanging oxygen with the environment by diffusion?
The cuboidal cell
The table below provides a comparison of nitrogenous waste production in selected organisms. Which of the following statements is most consistent with the data in the table?
The kidneys of reptiles and birds are highly efficient because little water is needed to excrete uric acid.
Researchers claimed that a particular organelle originated from a free-living prokaryotic cell that was engulfed by a larger cell, as shown in Figure 1. Which of the following provides evidence to best support the researchers' claim?
The organelle has a double membrane.
The diagram above represents a typical rod-shaped bacterium. Which of the following best describes a feature shown in the diagram that is unique to archaea and bacteria?
The organism does not have a nuclear membrane surrounding its genetic material.
All of the following cell components are found in prokaryotic cells EXCEPT
nuclear envelope
A prokaryotic has which of the following?
plasma membrane