ap bio quiz 7.6-7.7

Which organism would the researchers most likely predict to be the most distantly related to eukaryotes? A Organism I B Organism II C Organism III D Organism IV

A Organism I

Which of the following best predicts the importance of this process? A This process is common to all members of Eukarya and allows noncoding regions of RNA to be removed so that proteins with the correct amino acid sequence are produced. B This process is common to all members of Archaea and allows these organisms to survive harsh environments. C This process is common to all organisms and is a conserved DNA repair mechanism. D This process is common to vertebrates and allows the production of large and complicated proteins.

A This process is common to all members of Eukarya and allows noncoding regions of RNA to be removed so that proteins with the correct amino acid sequence are produced.

Which of the following best predicts how phylogenetic relationships might be revised if transposon 1 was not found in chimpanzees? A Bonobos would be more closely related to humans than to chimpanzees. B Chimpanzees would be more closely related to humans than to bonobos. C Orangutans would be more closely related to humans than to chimpanzees. D Chimpanzees would be more closely related to gibbons than to gorillas.

B Chimpanzees would be more closely related to humans than to bonobos.

Experimental evidence shows that the process of glycolysis is present and virtually identical in organisms from all three domains, Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya. Which of the following hypotheses could be best supported by this evidence? A All organisms carry out glycolysis in mitochondria. B Glycolysis is a universal energy-releasing process and therefore suggests a common ancestor for all forms of life. C Across the three domains, all organisms depend solely on the process of anaerobic respiration for ATP production. D The presence of glycolysis as an energy releasing process in all organisms suggests that convergent evolution occurred.

B Glycolysis is a universal energy-releasing process and therefore suggests a common ancestor for all forms of life.

The hormone prolactin has varying effects in many different animal species. All vertebrates produce prolactin, which is involved in signal transduction pathways. In mammals, prolactin stimulates the production of milk in mammary glands. In fish, prolactin plays an important role in osmoregulation. In birds, prolactin is involved in lipid metabolism. Which of the following best explains the presence of prolactin in various vertebrate species? A Though all vertebrates produce prolactin, its varied uses indicate it arose as a result of convergent evolution and not as a result of common ancestry. B Prolactin is a homologous hormone because it has a common origin but different functions in various species. C Prolactin will bind only to intracellular receptors in animal species with phospholipid bilayers, so its effects are varied in different species. D Because of different receptors activating different signal transducti

B Prolactin is a homologous hormone because it has a common origin but different functions in various species.

Which of the following best describes the importance of the number of amino acid differences indicated in Table 1 ? A They reflect the different environments where the organisms were captured. B They reflect the number of base pair changes in the DNA. C They reflect random changes due to translation errors. D They reflect the number of oxygen molecules each hemoglobin molecule carries.

B They reflect the number of base pair changes in the DNA.

Which of the following rows of data listed in table 1 best supports the possibility of a common ancestor for the organisms listed there? A Vascular tissue B Seeds enclosed in fruit C Cell wall composed of cellulose D Flagellated sperm cells

C Cell wall composed of cellulose

Which of the following data sets is most likely to provide reliable information about the evolutionary relationships among these three snail species? A Shell composition and shell orientation B Trophic level and DNA analysis C Location of fossils and shell orientation D Shell composition and location of fossils

C Location of fossils and shell orientation

Researchers analyzed the amino sequence of the protein cytochrome c� in various groups of organisms and determined the number of amino substitutions that have occurred in the different groups of organisms. They plotted the data with respect to the time since divergence of the members of paired groups from a common ancestor (Figure 1). Based on the data, which of the following organisms are most distantly related? A Birds and mammals B Mammals and reptiles C Fish and land vertebrates D Insects and vertebrates

D Insects and vertebrates