AP Computer Science Exam Review

Jesse purchases a new smartphone and is immediately able to use it to send a photo over the Internet to a friend who lives in a different country. Which of the following is NOT necessary to make this possible?

A single direct connection is established between any two devices connected to the Internet

Which of the following is true of intellectual property?

Creative Commons enables content creators to freely distribute their otherwise copyrighted work

computing network

a group of interconnected computing devices capable of sending or receiving data

Your computer uses 4 bits to represent decimal numbers (0, 1, 2, 3 and so on) in binary. What is the SMALLEST number for which an overflow error occur?

16

Convert the decimal (base-10) number 20 to binary (base-2).

10100

Which of the following binary (base-2) numbers is LARGEST?

11000000

How many total numbers can be represented with an 8-bit binary (base-2) system?

256

Convert the binary (base-2) number 1001 to decimal (base-10)

9

Which of the following best describes how computing devices represent information?

A computer represents data as bits which is either a 0 or a 1

Which of the following situations is most likely to cause issues arising from the digital divide?

A state makes voter registration forms available only by visiting a government website

Which of the following is NOT a reason to include comments in programs?

Comments help the computer decide whether certain components of a program are important.

Which of the following is NOT true of how computers represent complex information?

Abstraction helps represent complex information by surfacing complexity that might otherwise be hidden

Arman takes a picture with his smartphone which he subsequently posts online. Beatrice finds the picture online and posts a copy of it on her website with an attached Creative Commons license. Which of the following best describes who owns the photo?

Arman owns the photo because he was the original creator and did not license the work

computing device

a machine that can run a program, including computers, tablets, servers, routers, and smart sensor

Which of the following best describes the purpose of a design specification?

Describing the requirements for how a program will work or users will interact with it

Which of the following is true of functions?

Functions can help remove repeated code from a program

Which of the following Internet protocols is used to request and send pages and files on the World Wide Web?

HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP)

Which of the following best describes the purpose of an IP address?

IP addresses provide a unique number for identifying devices that send and receive information on the Internet

Which of the following BEST describes the differences between sequential and event-driven programming?

In sequential programming commands run in the order they are written. In event-driven programming some commands run in response to user interactions or other events.

Which of the following is true of lossy and lossless compression algorithms?

Lossy compression algorithms are typically better than lossless compression algorithms at reducing the number of bits needed to represent a piece of data.

Ryan is designing an app that needs to quickly send low quality photos between users. Most smartphones take much higher quality photos than Ryan needs for his app. Which answer best describes the type of compression Ryan should choose and why?

Lossy compression since it typically results in smaller data sizes

Which of the following is true of how packets are sent through the Internet?

Packet metadata is used to route and reassemble information travelling through the Internet

Which of the following is MOST likely to be an outcome of the digital divide?

People from some racial or ethnic groups have unequal access to computing technology.

An Internet Service Provider (ISP) is a company that builds the routers and wired connections that allow individuals to access the Internet. An ISP is considering adding additional redundant connections to its network. Which of the following best describes why the company would choose to do so?

Redundant networks are more reliable

Jorge is sending a large image file to a friend as part of a shared classroom project. Which of the following is most likely true if Jorge opts to compress the image before sending it?

The image will require fewer bits in order to be represented

Emilee is watching an online video. The video is being sent to her laptop by a server over the Internet which splits the video into packets and sends them in the order they appear in the video. Which of the following is true about how the packets will arrive at her computer?

The packets may arrive out of order

When visiting a museum Lian takes a photo of a painting with a smartphone which stores the photo as an image file. Which of the following best describes the differences between the painting itself and the photo of the painting stored on the smartphone?

The photo is a digital representation of the analog painting

Which of the following best describes the protocols used on the Internet?

The protocols of the Internet are open and used by all devices connected to the network

Which of the following is true of how the Internet has responded to the increasing number of devices now using the network?

The protocols of the Internet were designed to scale as new devices are added

Which of the following Internet protocols is MOST important in reassembling packets and requesting missing packets to form complete messages?

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)

Lucy is completing a project as part of a science class using materials she found online. Which of the following is MOST LIKELY to lead to legal consequences?

Using images posted online by another student without permission or citation

Which of the following is true of how computers represent numbers?

With a fixed number of bits some numbers are too large to represent in a computer which will lead to overflow errors.

computing system

a group of computing devices and programs working together for a common purpose

Choose the correct definition for Conditional Statement

affects the sequential flow of control by executing different statements based on the value of a Boolean expression

Two devices are connected to the Internet and communicating with one another. A squirrel chews through one of the wires in the network that is currently being used by the devices to communicate. The network immediately begins using a different path through the network and communication continues as normal. This situation best exemplifies which principle?

fault-tolerance

In which of the following stages of the development process is a team MOST likely to interview a potential user of an app?

investigating and reflecting

path

the series of connections between computing devices on a network starting with sender and ending with a receiver