AP Environmental Science Fall Final MCQ

The country of Sudan has an estimated annual growth rate of 2 percent. At this rate of growth, approximately how many years will it take for the population of Sudan to double?

35 years

Directions: The following questions(s) refer to the following graph. At which time after clear-cutting does the ecosystem exhibit the greatest species richness?

100 years

In a given ecosystem, producers convert solar energy into 15,000kcal of chemical energy stored in organic compounds. Which of the following is the most likely amount of energy available to secondary consumers?

150 kcal

Which of the following annual population growth rates is paired with the correct doubling time?

2% . . 35 years

The data shown were collected in a laboratory experiment in which the effect of pH on the survival of water fleas (Daphnia pulex) was examined. In each trial, 40 live water fleas were added to a solution with the pH as indicated. After two hours, observations were made to determine the number of fleas remaining alive in the sample. Results are presented in the table and in graphical form above. On the basis of the data, the best prediction of the pH of the water in which Daphnia normally are found in the wild is

7

Which of the following best shows the process of evolution?

A population of mosquitoes develops resistance to a pesticide.

Which of the lettered choices in the soil profile above represents the region with the greatest concentration of organic material?

A. First top layer

Countries undergoing rapid populations growth include which of the following?

A. I only (Pyramid that is big at the bottom)

Directions: Select the choice that best fits each statement. The following questions(s) refer to the countries listed in the following table. Which of the countries listed in the chart above is most likely to have limited educational opportunities for women?

A. Total Fertility Rate: 6.5 Infant Mortality Rate: 150 Life expectancy at birth: 48 (years)

Directions: The following questions(s) refer to the lettered areas of the map below. Area where new crust is being created at a divergent plate boundary

B. (Next to Canada)

Five islands, A, B, C, D, and E, differ only in distance from the mainland, area, and species diversity. Which island would be predicted to have the highest species diversity?

B. Distance from Mainland (km), Area (hectares):

Area that exhibits a growing nonvolcanic mountain chain due to uplift

C. (Himalayas next to India)

Which of the countries listed in the chart above is most likely experiencing a population decline?

C. Total Fertility Rate: 1.8 Infant Mortality Rate: 60 Life expectancy at birth: 80 (years)

How does the burning of fossil fuels contribute to the net increase in atmospheric carbon?

Carbon that has been sequestered underground is added to the carbon cycling between the atmosphere and the biosphere.

Directions: The following question(s) refer to the diagram below, which shows 100 ml of water being poured through a soil sample. After the water has passed through the soil, 98 ml of water is measured in the collection tray below the sample. Of the following, which is the most likely composition of the soil sample?

Clay: 10% Silt: 10% Sand: 80%

Exemplified by starlings displacing bluebirds from nesting sites

Competition

Which of the following age structure diagrams represents a population that most likely has a negative growth rate?

D. Top heavy graph

Of the following organisms, which occupies the lowest trophic level?

Deer

Which graph best illustrates a population that was growing and has reached its carrying capacity?

E. (Levels off at the top right; exponential graph)

Which latitude shown on the diagram above experiences 24 hours of daylight on December 21?

E. Antarctic Circle

Area that exhibits island arcs

E. By Australia

Region with the lowest atmospheric pressure

Exosphere

Scientists calculated the net primary productivity at two different forest sites. Both forests have the same gross primary productivity. Forest A has a net primary productivity of 1,650kcal/m2/year, and forest B has a net primary productivity of 1,110kcal/m2/year. Which of the following statements is best supported by the data?

Forest A producers have lower rates of cellular respiration than forest B producers.

Elements that cycle in the environment and that also have a gaseous phase at some point in their cycle include which of the following? I. Carbon II. Phosphorus III. Sulfur

I and III only

Directions: Select the choice that best fits each statement. The following question(s) refer to the following processes. (A) Nitrification (B) Denitrification (C) Assimilation (D) Ammonification (E) Nitrogen fixation Ammonia is converted to nitrite, then to nitrate.

Nitrification

Directions: Select the choice that best fits each statement. The following question(s) refer to the following possible relationships between organisms in an ecosystem. (A) Commensalism (B) Parasitism (C) Mutualism (D) Predation (E) Competition Exemplified by ticks feeding on a deer

Parasitism

Which of the following properties of the soil sample most influences the flow of water through the sample?

Permeability

Select the choice that best fits each statement. The following questions(s) refer to the soil composition diagram below. Which soil composition would be the best choice for lining a landfill?

Point W

What are the proportions of sand, silt, and clay for the soil at point T?

Sand 60% Silt 30% Clay 10%

Which of the following is the best example of a keystone species?`

Sea otter

For which of the following reasons do small isolated islands have a greater rate of species extinction than larger, less isolated islands?

Small isolated islands have a lower availability of resources.

Which soil indicated on the soil triangle above would most likely have the highest water-holding capacity?

Soil C (Close to 100% Clay; TOP OF PYRAMID)

The following questions refer to the layers of Earth's atmosphere in the temperature profile shown below. Region where the protective ozone layer is located

Stratosphere

Which tree species grows best with full sunlight?

Sweet gum

The rate of population growth starts to slow down at which point?

The beginning of phase III

A one-hectare pond is sampled in early September. The sample yields 1 small catfish as well as 17 benthic invertebrates that represent 10 species. If the pond is resampled a year later, which of the following would best indicate that the pond had been adversely affected by adjacent development?

The biodiversity of the pond has decreased.

Which of the following is generally true of K-strategist species as compared to r-strategist species?

They have longer life spans.

Region largely responsible for the weather experienced at the Earth's surface

Troposphere

Region that contains the majority of molecules in the atmosphere

Troposphere

In the graph below charting the growth of a population of organisms, the line labeled K represents the...

carrying capacity of the population

The primary cause of Earth's seasons is the

constant tilt of Earth's rotational axis with respect to the plane of its orbit around the Sun

The consumption of mosquitoes by bats and the control of flooding provided by tropical forests in mountainous areas of Central America are examples of

ecosystem services

The K-selection reproductive strategy maximizes survival of offspring by producing

few offspring with high levels of parental care

Zero population growth is associated with

phases I and IV

The two major processes involved in the carbon cycle are

photosynthesis and respiration

Most volcanism in the world is associated with

plate boundaries

The Sun's radiation provides the energy for all of the following EXCEPT

plate tectonics

The ultimate source of energy for terrestrial ecosystem is

the Sun

Small populations of animals, such as those typically found on islands, are prone to extinction because

they are more vulnerable to unpredictable events