AP Environmental Unit 3 Test
By the year 2050, world population is expected to approach 10 billion. If the current population trends continue, which region of the world will most likely experience the majority of the growth?
Africa and Asia
Population growing at a decreasing rate
B
Which of the following species is most likely to provide extensive parental care to its offspring?
Bobcat which produces 2 fertilized eggs per year
Which of the countries listed in the chart above is most likely experiencing a population decline?
C
Which of the following countries is most likely represented in the age structure diagram shown above?
Country B
Which of the following countries has achieved replacement-level fertility?
Country C
Population decreasing at greatest rate
D
Which of the following age structure diagrams represents a population that most likely has a negative growth rate?
D the one with the lowest at the bottom
In a human population undergoing the demographic transition, which of the following generally decreases first?
Death rate
The diagram above illustrates how the number of individuals in a population changed with time as a result of external stresses and resource limitations. Which lettered portion of the curve most likely corresponds to the carrying capacity of the ecosystem?
E
Scientists determined that a species of a reptile dinosaur cohort had 20% survivorship during the first two years of life, but then the survivorship of those individuals that survived to age 2 had a 70% survivorship to middle age. Survivorship declined later in life. Which of the following best illustrates the shape of the survivorship curve for this species?
Graph decreasing exponentially
Directions: The following questions(s) refer to the five graphs shown below, which illustrate different relationships between populations and time. Which graph best illustrates a population growing at its biotic potential?
Graph growing exponentially which is B
Countries undergoing rapid populations growth include which of the following?
I only
Factors that affect the total fertility rate of a human population include which of the following? I. Cultural traditions II. Government policies and economic incentives III. Education level and economic opportunities for females
I, II, and III
Correct statements about the northern spotted owl include which of the following? I. It is a pioneer species that is an opportunistic feeder. II. It is dependent on mature, old-growth forest for its habitat. III. It is a carnivore at or near the top of the food chain.
II and III
Which of the following characteristics in the table best supports the claim that Country A is a more developed country and that Country B is a less developed country?
Infant mortality rate
Cycads are gymnosperms that were diverse and abundant during the Mesozoic era. Extant species of cycads share many traits with those from the Mesozoic era. Cycads bear cones, are long-lived with slow growth rates, show late reproductive maturity, and have very few offspring. Based on this description, the cycads are?
K-strategists with a Type I survivorship curve.
Which of the following statements best describes the trends in the data shown in the graph above?
More-developed countries tend to have lower total fertility rates than less-developed countries.
The tropical rain forests are known to have a large variety of animals. One example is the orchid mantis that is highly camouflaged when standing on a certain species of orchid found in tropical environments. Another species, the tropical cockroach, can live anywhere in the rain forest where it can find water and a food source. Which of the following statements best describes why it is predicted that the orchid mantis will be more affected by global climate change than the tropical cockroach will be?
Orchid mantises tend to be advantaged in habitats that remain constant; the rain forest habitat is likely to shift because of global climate change.
Which of the following species is most likely to be an invasive species if introduced into a favorable new habitat?
Oyster which produces 5 billion fertilized eggs per year
Which of the following best explains the change in the moose population from 1995 to 1997?
Plants in the area could not support the large population of moose in 1995.
Raccoons eat a variety of foods and can live in a variety of habitats, including locations near humans. Tiger salamanders eat an abundance of worms and insects and require wetland habitats so they do not dry out. Which of the following best identifies the two different species?
Raccoons are generalists, and salamanders are specialists.
Salamanders, ospreys, snapping turtles, and beavers all live in aquatic habitats. Salamanders lay their eggs in small freshwater pools and feed on insects. Osprey habitats include rivers, bays, and swamps and the birds feed on fish and other animals in the water or on land. Snapping turtles live in fresh or brackish water and feed on plants, fish, frogs, and snakes. Beavers build lodges on islands, pond banks, and lake shores and eat a variety of shrubs, grasses, and crops. Based on the information provided above, which of the following species would best be classified as a specialist?
Salamanders
In a certain country, the birth rate is high, the death rate is high, and there are many children that are part of the workforce. The country is most likely in which of the following stages of the demographic transition?
Stage 1
During which stage of the demographic transition shown above does a population begin to experience an explosive increase in growth?
Stage 2
The rate of population growth starts to slow down at which point?
The beginning of phase III
Which of the following best describes the change in the carrying capacity of the human population if growth is limited by conditions set forth by the Malthusian theory?
The carrying capacity will decrease, and the human population size will experience a dieback.
A country has a birth rate of 35/1,000 individuals and a death rate of 13/1,000 individuals. The death rate was 37/1,000 individuals in 1950, 28/1,000 individuals in 1970, and 21/1,000 individuals in 1990. Which of the following statements best explains why the country has a declining death rate?
The country is in stage 2 of the demographic transition, and life expectancy has increased because of improvements in public health, sanitation, and access to food.
A certain species of dinosaur laid large numbers of eggs, and the hatchlings had high mortality early in life. But if they survived, the young dinosaurs were able to grow at a rapid pace and disperse into the environment in order to thrive. Based on this information and the graph above, which of the following best characterizes this species of dinosaur?
The dinosaurs were r-strategists and exhibited a Type III survivorship curve
Which of the following graphs best displays population size over time of an r-selected species that has just colonized a new habitat with abundant resources?
The line growing exponentially
Which of the following claims is best supported by the data in the graph for the population of wolves between 1975 and 1985?
The population declined following depletion of food resources after a population overshoot.
The total fertility rate in country A was 6.8 in 1980. Which of the following statements best supports the change in the total fertility rate in country A between 1980 and 2015?
The total fertility rate decreased as a result of a delay in age of first marriage and increased contraceptive use.
As a country goes through the demographic transition, the greatest rate of population growth takes place during which phase?
The transitional
Which of the following characteristics is most closely associated with a country that demonstrates the age structure in the diagram shown above?
There is a high total fertility rate.
Which of the following is generally true of K-strategist species as compared to r-strategist species?
They have longer life spans.
The most populous countries in the world are China, India, and
United States
In 1950, a country had a total fertility rate of 5.9. In 2010, the total fertility rate of the country was 2.3. Which of the following is most likely the reason for the change in total fertility rate?
Women had increased educational opportunities and had children later in life.
The supply of Earth's fresh water is fixed and is being depleted at a rapid rate. Which of the following best describes the effects of a limited freshwater supply on human populations?
World food production will decrease, leading to increased famine.
The K-selection reproductive strategy maximizes survival of offspring by producing
few offspring with high levels of parental care
The world population growth rate in 2015 is about 1 percent. It is expected to drop to 0.5 percent by 2050, partly because of increased access to birth control in developing nations. Another likely cause for the expected decline is
increasing numbers of women entering the workforce in developing nations
A country with an age distribution like that shown in the figure above, is most likely a country that
is experiencing slow or no population growth
Zero population growth is associated with
phases I and IV
Members of an r-selected species characteristically
reach sexual maturity quickly
Based on the data in Figure 1, which of the following is the best estimate of the carrying capacity of the moose population?
1,500
Approximately what percent of the population in Country II is under age 15?
25%
A country currently has a population of 100 million and an annual growth rate of 3.5 percent. If the growth rate remains constant, what will be the population of this country in 40 years?
400 million
The current world population is closest to which of the following?
5 billion
Population growing exponentially
A
Which of the countries listed in the chart above is most likely to have limited educational opportunities for women?
A
