AP Euro Absolutism
Why did the English government arrive at a crisis situation by 1640?
Charles I imposed unwelcomed laws and reforms on the country
In return for financial support, what did Charles II of England secretly promise Louis XIV of France?
English laws against Catholics would be eased and England gradually re-Catholicized
Cardinal Jules Mazarin's struggle to increase royal revenues to meet the cost of war led to the uprisings of 1648-53, known as the
Fronde
What was the outcome of the heightened central control established by absolutist and constitutional governments?
Growth in armed forces
How did Frederick of Prussia, the Great Elector, persuade the Junker nobility to accept taxation without consent in order to fund the army?
He confirmed the Junkers' privileges, including their authority over the serfs
How did Frederick William I, King of Prussia, sustain agricultural production while dramatically expanding the size of his army?
He ordered all Prussian men to undergo military training, after which they could return home and serve as army reservists
France's strong economy was created by the mercantilist policies of
Jean-Baptiste Colbert
In music, the baroque style reached its culmination in the work of
Johann Sebastian Bach
The Glorious Revolution and the concept of representative government found their best defense in the "Second Treatise of Civil Government" by
John Locke
The following is an excerpt from Jacques-Benigne Bossuet's "Political Drawn from the Very Words of Holy Scripture (Thinking Like A Historian): "It appears from all this that the person of the king is sacred, and that to attack him in any way is sacrilege. God has the kings anointed by his prophets with the holy unction in like manner as he has bishops and altars anointed. But even without the external application in thus being annointed, they are by their very office the representatives of the divine majesty deputed by Providence for the execution of his purposes." Based on this passage, with which of the following statements would Bossuet most likely agree?
Kings are God's representatives on Earth
How did the Peace of Westphalia mark a turning point in European history?
Large-scale armed conflicts over religious faith came to an end
How did the Peace of Utrecht resolve the problem of succession to the Spanish throne?
Louis XIV of France's grandson, Philip, was placed on the French throne with the agreement that the French and Spanish thrones would never be united.
What was one of the social consequences of Peter the Great's bureaucratic system?
People of non-noble origin were able to rise to high positions
The Junkers were
Prussian nobles who reluctantly worked with Frederick William to consolidate the Prussian state
After his victory in 1709 at Poltava, Peter the Great built a new, Western-style city on the Baltic called
St. Petersburg
One of the largest rebellions in seventeenth-century Russia was that led by
Stenka Razin
How did the princes of Moscow seek to legitimize their authority as rulers of an independent state?
They modeled their rule on the Mongol khans
The primary cause of the English Glorious Revolution was
a fear of the establishment of Catholic absolutism by James II
When speaking of "moral economy", historians are referring to
a vision of the world in which community needs predominate over competition and profit
In eastern Europe between 1500 and 1650, the growth of commercial agriculture was accompanied by the
consolidation of serfdom
Political power in the Dutch Republic was
controlled by an oligarchy of wealthy businessmen
Mercantilist theory postulated that
economic activity should be regulated by and for the state
Oliver Cromwell's Protectorate was ultimately a
military dictatorship
Typically, French classicism
presented subject matter associated with classical antiquity
French foreign policy under Richelieu focused primarily on the
prevention of the Habsburgs from unifying the territories surrounding France
In the Netherlands, tensions were always present between supports of the staunchly republication Estates and supporters of
the House of Orange
Louis XIV selected councilors from
the newly ennobled or upper middle class
The English political philosopher Thomas Hobbes held that
the power of the ruler was absolute and prevented civil war
The final collapse of Spain as a great military power was symbolized by the defeat at the Battle of Rocroi and the resulting Treaty of
the pyrenees
The guiding force behind Cardinal Richelieu's domestic policies was
the subordination of all institutions to the monarchy
