AP Euro Absolutism

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Why did the English government arrive at a crisis situation by 1640?

Charles I imposed unwelcomed laws and reforms on the country

In return for financial support, what did Charles II of England secretly promise Louis XIV of France?

English laws against Catholics would be eased and England gradually re-Catholicized

Cardinal Jules Mazarin's struggle to increase royal revenues to meet the cost of war led to the uprisings of 1648-53, known as the

Fronde

What was the outcome of the heightened central control established by absolutist and constitutional governments?

Growth in armed forces

How did Frederick of Prussia, the Great Elector, persuade the Junker nobility to accept taxation without consent in order to fund the army?

He confirmed the Junkers' privileges, including their authority over the serfs

How did Frederick William I, King of Prussia, sustain agricultural production while dramatically expanding the size of his army?

He ordered all Prussian men to undergo military training, after which they could return home and serve as army reservists

France's strong economy was created by the mercantilist policies of

Jean-Baptiste Colbert

In music, the baroque style reached its culmination in the work of

Johann Sebastian Bach

The Glorious Revolution and the concept of representative government found their best defense in the "Second Treatise of Civil Government" by

John Locke

The following is an excerpt from Jacques-Benigne Bossuet's "Political Drawn from the Very Words of Holy Scripture (Thinking Like A Historian): "It appears from all this that the person of the king is sacred, and that to attack him in any way is sacrilege. God has the kings anointed by his prophets with the holy unction in like manner as he has bishops and altars anointed. But even without the external application in thus being annointed, they are by their very office the representatives of the divine majesty deputed by Providence for the execution of his purposes." Based on this passage, with which of the following statements would Bossuet most likely agree?

Kings are God's representatives on Earth

How did the Peace of Westphalia mark a turning point in European history?

Large-scale armed conflicts over religious faith came to an end

How did the Peace of Utrecht resolve the problem of succession to the Spanish throne?

Louis XIV of France's grandson, Philip, was placed on the French throne with the agreement that the French and Spanish thrones would never be united.

What was one of the social consequences of Peter the Great's bureaucratic system?

People of non-noble origin were able to rise to high positions

The Junkers were

Prussian nobles who reluctantly worked with Frederick William to consolidate the Prussian state

After his victory in 1709 at Poltava, Peter the Great built a new, Western-style city on the Baltic called

St. Petersburg

One of the largest rebellions in seventeenth-century Russia was that led by

Stenka Razin

How did the princes of Moscow seek to legitimize their authority as rulers of an independent state?

They modeled their rule on the Mongol khans

The primary cause of the English Glorious Revolution was

a fear of the establishment of Catholic absolutism by James II

When speaking of "moral economy", historians are referring to

a vision of the world in which community needs predominate over competition and profit

In eastern Europe between 1500 and 1650, the growth of commercial agriculture was accompanied by the

consolidation of serfdom

Political power in the Dutch Republic was

controlled by an oligarchy of wealthy businessmen

Mercantilist theory postulated that

economic activity should be regulated by and for the state

Oliver Cromwell's Protectorate was ultimately a

military dictatorship

Typically, French classicism

presented subject matter associated with classical antiquity

French foreign policy under Richelieu focused primarily on the

prevention of the Habsburgs from unifying the territories surrounding France

In the Netherlands, tensions were always present between supports of the staunchly republication Estates and supporters of

the House of Orange

Louis XIV selected councilors from

the newly ennobled or upper middle class

The English political philosopher Thomas Hobbes held that

the power of the ruler was absolute and prevented civil war

The final collapse of Spain as a great military power was symbolized by the defeat at the Battle of Rocroi and the resulting Treaty of

the pyrenees

The guiding force behind Cardinal Richelieu's domestic policies was

the subordination of all institutions to the monarchy


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