Ap Euro ch 18

In his spirit of laws, Montesquieu argued for

The separation of governmental powers

The concept of the reading revolution refers to

The shift from reading out loud texts perceived as authoritative to reading many different text rapidly silently and individually

The key feature of Newton system was the law of

Universal gravitation

The illegal booktrade in France featured all of the following types of literature except

Technical journals on agriculture and industry

Empiricism emphasized

The actual observation of phenomena

All of the following were causes of the scientific revolution except

The active support of the Papacy

D'holbachs system of nature presented

A mechanistic, atheistic philosophy

Catherine the great of Russia came to power in 1762 through

A military coup

Habsburg Emperor Joseph II abolished serfdom in the Austrian empire in 1781. What was the outcome of this reform?

After Joseph IIs death in 1790 serfdom was more or less reinstated

Before the scientific revolution, Europeans view of the universe was based on the ideas of

Aristotle

Russo's concept of the general will asserts that

Authentic, longer-term needs of the people can be correctly interpreted by a farseeing minority

Madame du chatelet

Believed women's limited contribution to science was the result of an equal education

According to its editor, the fundamental goal of the encyclopedia was to

Change the general way of thinking

___________'s Progress of the human mind tracked nine stages of human development

Condorcet

After the death of Louis XIV, the French parliaments

Effectively challenged royal absolutism

Galileo's greatest achievement was his

Elaboration and consolidation of the experimental method

Immanuel Kant argued for

Freedom of the press

The enlightenment reached its highest development in France for all of the following reasons except

French scientist and universities were the most preeminent in the scientific revolution

According to _______'s theory of inertia, rest is not the natural state of objects

Galileo

One of the few attempts to link theoretical science with applied science took place at

Greshem college

In general, what was Voltair's attitude toward government

He believed that a good Monarch was the best one could hope for

In his essay concerning human understanding, John Locke claims that

Human development is determined by education and society

In 1748, following the war of the Austrian succession, Louis XV's finance minister created an outcry among French nobles, clergy, and wealthy town dwellers by

Imposing a 5% income tax on all Frenchman

A striking feature of the salons was that

Philosophies, nobles, and members of the upper-middle-class intermingled

The primary purpose of Fontenelle's Conversations on the plurality of worlds was to

Popularize the findings of the scientific revolution

Copernicus's theory of the universe

Postulated a sun centered view of the universe

Which powers participated in the partitioning of Poland in the late 18th century

Prussia, Russia and Austria

Mendelssohn argued that

Reason could complement and strengthen religion

To improve the rural economyand lives of the peasants, Empress Maria Teresa

Reduced nobles power over their serfs

All of the following were important trends of enlightenment thought except

Religion too could be analyzed using enlightenment theories, and eventually religious truth could be known

The two men generally given credit for creating the modern scientific method were Francis Bacon and

René Descartes

The accomplishments of Frederick II included all of the following except

Restructuring the Prussian social system

Before 1500, science was primarily a branch of

Theology

All of the following played a role in the erosion of French absolutism except the

Theories of Charles Montesquieu