AP Euro Chapter 18 Plus

Throughout the 16th and 17th centuries, armies affected population growth in all of the following ways except?

A large number of individuals were killed on the battlefield

Which of the following best characterizes the regions to which slaves were carried from Africa to the Americas?

About ninety percent of slaves were transported to Brazil or the carribean with only three percent brought to North america

The war of the Austrian succession could best be described as?

An inconclusive standoff that set the stage for further warfare

Which of the following best describes the role of women in guilds in the 18th century?

Both legal and illegal work in the guilds became more accessible to women

Who provided the labor force for britians initial colonization of Australia

Convicted prisoners

1700 who was the leader of slave trade?

GB

In africa, the slave trade primarily resulted in?

More wars and likely fewer people

The Englishman Jethro Tull?

Sought to critically analyze farming methods and develop better methods about farming through empirical research

The leadership of the dutch people in farming methodology can be attributed primarily to?

The necessity to provide for a densely populated country

From 1701-17-63, what was at stake in the warfare between great Britain and France?

The position as european leading maritime power with the ability to claim profits from Europe's overseas expansion

At the center of Adam smith's arguments in the "wealth of nations" was the belief that?

The pursuit of self-interest in competitive markets would improve living conditions of citizens

Why did european salve traders in africa adopt the "shore method" of trading in the 18th century?

The shore method permitted europeans to move easily along the coast, obtaining slaves at various slave markets and then departing quickly for the Americas

The rural putting-out system had all of the following competitive advantages except?

The workers had to purchase the raw material themselves, saving the merchant capital expenses

Merchant capitalists complained bitterly about?

Their inability to directly supervise and direct the work of rural laborers

Within the family, the operation of the loom?

Was considered a man's job reserved for the male head of the household

Among the laboring classes, guild masters...

Were a small minority of the population who jealously regarded their membership

What country experimented with their crops?

Holland/ Dutch

Between 1650 and 1760, what crucial component of the global economy was established when nations developed?

The atlantic economy

With the development of Spanish colonial society, by the 18th century...

The colonial elite came to believe that their circumstances gave them different interests and characteristics from those in spain

Effect of the Navigation Acts

3 conflicts 1 Dutch-Anglo/ 7 Years War 2 Fr Indian/ Spanish succession 3 War of Austrian Succession

Colinization of Australia

GB settlement, by Captain Cook, struggled at first then peace then hostility

The british won the American component of the seven years war because ?

The diverted men and money from Europe to the american theater

pop rise because/ not because of

because of no BD, improved sanitation, and increased food supply not because of improved medicine

Putting out system included

capitalist and a rural worker

new economic industrialism

care more about $ than work and quality of goods produced

textile industry=

cottage industry=family

Adam Smith

economic liberalism, unregulated capitalism, The Wealth of Nations

Navigation Acts

economic warfare b/w GB and the Dutch bc it virtually gave GB a monopoly on shipping

Jethro Tull

expirimental agriculture, animal husbandry, animal breeding

enclosure

fence in fields in order to farm more effectively, hurt peasants

Crop rotation

forced enclosure movement, land reviving crops, nitrogen storing crops

cottage-industry

included putting-out system more family based and operated

Slave trade economy

integrated economic system

Jew status in 18th century

jews< christians but not enslaved. Participated in economy with trade outlets along routes

Open farming

land cut out into strips for peasants

debt peonage

like serfdom for creoles-- way to dominate peasant pop.

cottage industry competitive advantages

low wages

war/ army did what to the population?

lowered it

Creole were

spanish decent americans

Loomer of the family was

the Man, took away Woman's importance

Guilds

trade org C received monopoly over trade and right to hire workers

slave prices went

up

who supported the action of abolishing slavery?

women in 1775

In the 18th century, the biggest increase in british foreign trade was with?

The british colonial empire

Why did the Dutch fail to maintain their dominance in Asia?

The dutch east india company failed to diversify its trade to meet changing consumption patterns in Europe

Shore Method

Euro ships pulled up to shore and traders w/ Africans would show up and load them right there onto the boat. Efficient

Fr. v. GB mercantilism

Fr- all money straight to the state GB- some to the state and some for personal

The english navigation acts mandated that all english imports and exports be transported on english ships, and that also?

Gave british merchants a virtual monopoly on trade with british colonists

Which of the following correctly characterize 18th century colonial trade in europe?

In england, the mercantilist system achieved remarkable success as british trade with its colonies grew substantially

What was the status of jews in european colonies in the 18th century?

Jews faces numerous political and economic forms of discrimination but were considered to be white europeans and thus couldnt be enslaved

In the 18th century, the advocates for agricultural innovation argued that?

Landholdings and common lands needed to be consolidated and enclosed in order to farm more efficiently

Population growth in Europe in the 18th century?

Occurred in all regions

Which of the following best characterizes the condition of the peasant in western Europe in the 18th century

Peasants were generally free from serfdom and owned land that they could pass on to their children

The idea of the industrious revolution is best understood as a result of?

Poor families choosing to reduce leisure time and the production of goods for household consumption in order to earn wages to be used to buy consumer goods

The spinning of thread for the loom?

Required the work of several spinners for each loom,which led merchants to employ the wives and daughters of agricultural workers at low terrible wages

How did the problem of food shortages change in the 18th century?

The considerable road and canal building of the 18th century permitted food to be more easily transported to regions with local family crop failure

Which of the following best describes the open-field system of the middle ages?

The land was divided into long, narrow strips that were not enclosed by fences or hedges