AP Euro (chapter 19)
Which of these best describes the composition of Napoleon's Grand Empire?
An enlarged France, a number satellite kingdoms, and the independent but allied states of Austria, Prussia, and Russia
Who argued in Reflections on the Revolution in France (1790) that abstract principles like "liberty" and "rights" were no foundation on which to form a government?
Edmund Burke
Napoleon's Continental System had which economic effect?
French artisans and the middle class suffered, for they were economically damaged by the blockade of Great Britain
Louis XV damaged the sense of his sacred authority by
He allowed his common-born mistress to exert tremendous cultural and political influence.
How did Napoleon consolidate his rule?
He appealed both to disillusioned revolutionaries and members of the old nobility and offered them high posts in the expanding centralized state.
By July 1794, how had the central government in Paris managed to reassert control over the provinces and gain momentum against the First Coalition?
It harnessed the explosive forces of a planned economy, revolutionary terror, and modern nationalism into a total war effort.
Why was the Declaration of Independence so important to the American Revolution?
It universalized the traditional rights of English people and made them rights of all mankind
After the arrest and deportation of Toussaint L'Ouverture, how was the war of Haitian independence resolved?
Jean-Jacques Dessalines, L'Ouverture's lieutenant, led the resistance to a crushing victory over the French and later declared Haitian independence.
Who wrote A Vindication of the Rights of Man (1790) and A Vindication of the Rights of Woman (1792), the latter a founding text of the feminist movement?
Mary Whollstonecraft
According to Olympe de Gouges,
Men and women should be equal in the eyes of the law
Which event occurred during the Hundred Days in France?
Napoleon returned from exile to rule France briefly.
How did the Concordat resolve the crisis over Catholicism in France in the Napoleonic era?
The Catholic Church gained the right to practice religion freely, while the French state gained greater control over the naming of church officers and church activities
Why did Great Britain seek to raise taxes on its American colonies in the 1760s?
The Crown expected the colonies to help pay the costs of the Seven Years' War.
Why did the Directory continue French wars of conquest begun by early revolutionary governments?
The Directory understood that big, victorious armies kept men employed.
Which factor caused the life-and-death political struggle between the Girondists and the Mountain?
The Girondists more moderate policies
The abbé Sieyès considered the third estate
The true strength of the French nation
Why did the French commissioners sent by the newly elected National Convention to Saint-Domingue abolish slavery in 1793?
They were desperate to rally the rebel slaves to the French cause against the Spanish and English forces on the island.
How did the delegates to the Legislative Assembly that convened in October 1791 differ from the delegates to the Estates General or National Assembly?
They were younger and less cautious; many joined political clubs.
Why did the British decide to stop fighting the Americans at Yorktown in 1781 and to offer such favorable terms to the Americans in Paris in 1783
To cut their losses and end a war that had gone global
Which of these was the goal of the Committee of Public Safety?
To use dictatorial powers to respond to threats to France from without and within
In the summer of 1789, the National Assembly was driven toward more radical action by
revolutionary actions of French peasants and the common people of Paris.
Between 1789 and 1791, the National Assembly passed legislation to undermine the power of
the Catholic Church
In the eighteenth century, many liberal thinkers believed that representative institutions could defend the liberty and interests of the people. In terms of political practice, this meant that
voting for representatives would be restricted to men of property.
When liberals in the late eighteenth century called for equality, they were primarily concerned with equality for
white properties men
The National Assembly that ruled France from 1789 to 1791 passed laws that
Broadening women's rights to seek divorce and inherit property.
Which statement was true of Napoleon Bonaparte?
He won brilliant victories in Italy in 1796 and 1797
How did the reaction of kings and nobles in continental Europe to the French Revolution change over the Revolution's first two years?
Initially pleased by the Revolution's weakening of France, they came to feel threatened by its increasingly radical message.
How did America's Constitutional Convention of 1787 deal with the discord between pro- and antislavery delegates?
It compromised by stipulating that an enslaved person would count as three-fifths of a person for purposes of taxation and proportional representation in the House of Representatives.
How did the National Assembly respond to the hopes and expectations of Saint-Domingue's different social groups?
It frustrated the hopes of all the different social groups.
The legal definition of the composition of the prerevolutionary third estate included
Masses (everyone who was not nobility or clergy)
Who forced the king and the royal family to abandon Versailles and return to Paris?
Several thousand Parisian women
Which two fundamental principles of the French Revolution were incorporated into the Napoleonic Code?
The equality of all male citizens before the law and the absolute security of wealth and private property
The attack on the Bastille had which political effect?
The king's plan to reassert his authority was stalled, permitting the Assembly to continue its work.
Why did members of the National Convention turn against Robespierre on 9 Thermidor?
They believed that Robespierre might soon have them arrested and executed
Why did the Antifederalists oppose the new American Constitution proposed by the Constitutional Convention?
They feared for the individual freedoms for which they had fought
How did French armies during the French Revolution offer a mixed message to the people they conquered?
They presented themselves as liberators to the middle/lower class but seemed more like foreign invaders due to their plundering of resources.
On Map 19.3: The War of Haitian Independence, 1791-1804, where is the first phase of the slave insurrection in 1791 located?
a few plantations in northern Saint-Domingue
In the wake of the Great Fear in the summer of 1789, the National Assembly restored order by
abolishing all of the old noble and church privileges.
The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen guaranteed
equality before the law (freedom of speech, religion, equal rights)
In the 1780s, over 50 percent of France's annual budget was expended on
interest payments on the debt
The string of French military victories after the winter of 1793-94 was largely due to
patriotism and the superior numbers supplied by the draft
The Loyalist faction in the American Revolution
tended to be wealthy and politically moderate
As the Jacobins gained power, what was their reaction to women's political activity?
they banned all women's political activity, which they believed to be disorderly and a distraction from women's proper domestic duties
