AP Euro Chapter 5 Questions

How were Peter the Great's domestic reforms related to his military ambitions?

At one point, the domestic and military ambitions intersected on the Gulf of Finland where he founded St. Petersburg.

Why did France become an absolute monarchy?

Cardinals Richelieu and Mazarin imposed direct royal administration in France.

What major problems did the Habsburgs face and how did they seek to resolve them?

Charles died with only a female heir, and to fix it the Pragmatic Sanction was enforced to protect her. The other problem was that the large size of the empire made it difficult to keep it unified, so various rulers created central councils to chart common policies for their domains.

What happened to Charles I? How did that change England?

Charles lost to Parliament in the civil war, and was executed then after that England became a Puritan republic.

Describe government in the Netherlands. Describe religious life.

Each of the provinces retained considerable authority, and the central government, embodied in the States General that met in the Hague, exercised its authority through a kind of ongoing negotiation with the provinces. In the Netherlands, peoples of differing religious faiths lived together peacefully.

Name the five countries that dominated European politics from 1750-1914.

France, England, Austria, Prussia, Russia

Who were the major personalities involved in this process and what were their individual contributions?

Frederick William broke the noble estates, organized a royal bureaucracy, and build a strong army. Had the best army in Europe. Then Frederick I built palaces, founded Halle University, and lived luxuriously. Crystallized the Austrian-Prussian rivalry.

What was Louis's religious policy?

He created a methodical campaign against the Huguenots in an attempt to unify France religiously.

Why was the military so important in Prussia?

It made Prussia a valuable potential ally.

How did he use ceremony and his royal court to strengthen his authority?

Louis built up his court system and his palace to reflect his every-day duties and lifestyle-- reflecting his importance to the country and thereby increasing his authority over his subjects.

How did Louis XIV consolidate his monarchy? What role did Versailles play?

Louis made all of the nobility live at Versailles. Versailles was a sign or propaganda, which it showed that he could outspend and create a greater social display.

What were the goals of his foreign policy?

Louis maintained his army at full strength and pushed beyond his borders.

Why did the English king and Parliament quarrel in the 1640s?

Parliament wouldn't give the king money and they didn't want Charles to be commander of the armies.

What were his methods of reform?

Peter built government structures and compelled the boyars to construct town houses.

How did family conflict influence his later policies?

Peter had to suppress the independence of the Russian Orthodox Church where some bishops and clergy had displayed sympathy for his son.

How and why did Russia emerge as a great power but Poland did not?

Poland had an absence of a strong army.

What were the most important issues behind the war between them?

Puritans wanted to abolish the bishops and the Book of Common Prayer.

What role did religion play in seventeenth century English politics?

Religion led to wars with England and Scotland and a civil war in England.

Which family, the Hohenzollern's or the Habsburgs, was more successful and why?

The Hohenzollern's because they had control of their nobility and had the strongest army in Europe.

How were the Hohenzollern's able to forge their diverse landholdings into the state of Prussia?

The Junkers were obedient to the Hohenzollern's in exchange for the Junkers right to demand obedience from their serfs.

Why did the Netherlands decline in the eighteenth century?

The Netherlands declined in the eighteenth century due to the decline in the fishing industry and the loss of their technological superiority in shipbuilding.

Significance of Puritans dislike of Anglican and decision to leave England?

The Puritans were so strongly committed to their faith, they were willing to cross into a part of the world unknown to establish their religion.

How did a country's economy affect its government?

The country's economy affected its government by affecting the revenue after wars which hurt the economy and without a stable financial backbone, they couldn't achieve absolute rule.

What was the Glorious Revolution, and why did it take place?

The largely peaceful replacement of James II by William and Mary as English monarchs in 1688. It marked the beginning of constitutional monarchy in Britain.

What were the sources of Dutch prosperity?

The sources of Dutch prosperity would be their farmers, their fishermen, and their traders.

What limits were there on his authority?

There was no limits to his authority in France.

Why did England and France develop different systems of government and religious policies?

They found different sources to finance the growing cost of warfare.

Why was the War of the Spanish Succession fought?

To find the right heir to the throne of Spain after Charles II died without direct heirs.

Was Peter a successful ruler?

Yes he was a successful ruler. Peter had imitated Louis XIV by constructing smaller versions of Versailles.