AP euro final chapter 17

Which statement describes the role of women in guilds in the eighteenth century?

Guilds permitted women to serve as workers but forbade any women from becoming masters.

Which statement characterizes eighteenth-century colonial trade in Europe?

In england, the mercantilist system achieved remarkable success as british trade with its colonies grew substantially

Why did European slave traders in Africa adopt the "shore method" of trading in the eighteenth century?

It permitted Europeans to move easily along the coast, obtaining slaves at various slave markets and then departing quickly for the Americas.

Which statement characterizes the condition of peasants in western Europe in the eighteenth century?

Peasants were generally free from serfdom and owned land that they could pass on their children.

How did the problem of food shortages change in the eighteenth century?

The considerable road and canal building of the eighteenth century permitted food to be more easily transported to regions with local crop failure and famine.

From 1701 to 1763, the stakes in the wars between Great Britain and France involved

The position as Europe's leading maritime power, with the ability to claim profits from Europe's overseas expansion

At the center of Adam Smith's arguments in An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations was the belief that

The pursuit of self-interest in competitive markets would improve living conditions of citizens

Within the family, the operation of the loom

Was considered a man's job reserved for the male head of the household

Who provided the labor force for Britain's initial colonization of Australia?

convicted prisoners

During the sixteenth century, the Portuguese

dominated but did not fundamentally alter the pattern of Indian Ocean trade.

The industrious revolution was a result of

poor families choosing to reduce leisure time and the production of goods for household consumption in order to earn wages to buy consumer goods.

The seventeenth-century financial revolution entailed the

promotion of banks, stock exchanges, credit, and paper money.

Between 1650 and 1790, a crucial component of the global economy was established when European nations developed

the atlantic economy

In the eighteenth century, the biggest increase in British foreign trade was with

the british colonial empire

In the putting-out system, merchant capitalists complained bitterly about

their inability to directly supervise and direct the work of rural laborers.

Which statement describes the status of Jews in European colonies in the eighteenth century?

Jews faced numerous political and economic forms of discrimination but were considered to be white Europeans and thus could not be enslaved.

Britain's great rival for influence in India in the eighteenth century was

france

Population growth in Europe in the eighteenth century occurred

in all regions

In the eighteenth century, advocates for agricultural innovation argued that

landholdings and common lands needed to be consolidated and enclosed in order to farm more efficiently.

In the eighteenth century, the West's largest and richest city was

london

The spinning of thread for the loom

required the work of several spinners for each loom, which led merchants to employ the wives and daughters of agricultural workers at terribly low wages.

Which statement characterizes the regions to which slaves were carried from Africa to the Americas?

About ninety percent of slaves were transported to Brazil or the carribean with only three percent brought to North america

The English Navigation Acts mandated that all English imports and exports be transported on English ships, and they also

Gave British merchants a virtual monopoly on trade with British colonies

Which statement describes Jethro Tull's contribution to English agriculture in the eighteenth century?

He critiqued accepted farming methods and developed better methods through empirical research

in Africa, the slave trade primarily resulted in

More wars and likely fewer people

Why did the Dutch fail to maintain their dominance in Asia?

The dutch east india company failed to diversify its trade to meet changing consumption patterns in Europe

Which statement correctly characterizes the transformation of the English and Scottish countryside in the enclosure era?

The elimination of common rights and access to land turned small peasant farmers into landless wage earners.

Which statement describes the enclosure movement of the eighteenth century?

The land was divided into plots bounded by fences to farm more efficiently

Holland's leadership in farming methodology can be attributed to

The necessity to provide for a densely populated country

Arthur Young, an eighteenth-century agricultural experimentalist, advocated

arge-scale enclosure as a necessary means to achieve progress

The proletarianization of peasants in the eighteenth century forced them to

became landless rural wage earners

By the eighteenth century, the elite of Spanish colonial society

came to believe that heir circumstances gave them different interests and characteristics from those in Spain

People of Spanish ancestry born in the Americas were referred to as

creoles

Wealthy Spanish landowners kept indigenous workers on their estates through a system of

debt peonage in which landowners advanced food, shelter, and some money, in this way keeping the workers in perpetual debt

Between 1700 and 1835, Europe's population

doubled

In seventeenth- and eighteenth-century Europe, guild masters

guarded their guild privileges jealously.

In the eighteenth century, European public health measures

improved water supply and sewage systems

Which statement describes a competitive advantage of the rural putting-out system?

the rural poor worked for low wages

The British won the Seven Years' War owing to

the size and strength of British naval power.

The treaty that ended the Seven Years' War in Europe and the colonies in 1763 and that ratified British victory on all colonial fronts was the

treaty of paris

The War of the Austrian Succession resulted in

An inconclusive standoff that set the stage for further warfare