AP Euro History Chapter 13 Art
Hans Frank
1 of Hitler's top lieutenants, "Butcher of Poland", took Lady with an Ermine,
Louis XI
1461-1483; French King that unified France, seized Burgundy and gained Brittany, secured monarchy for France
Ginevra di Binci
A poet painted by DaVinci in 1470s, painting purchased by Princely House of Lichtenstein in 1967 for $5 million
statue of David
A sculpture by Michelangelo that pushed the limits of sculpting, hands + arms + head aren't preportiate, express tension
Christopher Marlowe
An Elizabethan playwright, interested in universal knowledge and "got involved with the devil"
Peter Brueghel
Belgium artist who painted peasants and village scenes, 1st time patrons are paying to depict rich ppl
How did Petrarch and Bruni relate?
Both prized ancient Greek texts, believed people had to learn from these texts
Erasmus
Christian humanist who published Praise of Folly (satire of church) which called for end of corruptions, rejected Luther as source
Hieronymous Bosch
Dutch artist whose bizarre imagination inspired the surrealists, nightmarish fantasy worlds, "Garden of Earthly Delight"
Thomas Tallis
English Catholic Renaissance composer of religious music
Petrarch
Father of Humanism, wrote sonnets, supported Christianity
Albrecht Durer
Founder of the German Renaissance, painted many self portraits
Montaigne
French writer regarded as the originator of the modern essay (1533-1592), a skeptics
What Machiavelli's view of the human nature?
From the standpoint of its limitations and imperfections
Charles IV
Holy Roman Emperor, became symbolic head of Germany, inherited a lot of land
Raphael Santi
Humanized madonna paintings, "Sistine Madonna", "School of Athens"
How does Pico's Oration of the Human Dignity exemplify the new psychological outlook of the Renaissance?
It said that humans have the power to shape their own lives and develop their own destinies
Why was the Mona Lisa revolutionary?
It was the first painting with a 3/4 pose, the background is receding, there is subtle shadowing of the eyes and mouth (sfumato), illusion of depth
Pico della Mirandolla
Italian Renaissance philosopher who wrote Oration on the Dignity of Man
Leonardo Bruni
Italian humanist and writer, first to divide history into three eras: ancient, medieval, modern
Ben Jonson
Last major literary figure of Elizabethan Literature
What did Poland control during the Renaissance?
Latvia, Ukraine, Belarus, parts of Estonia, Lithuania
Edmund Spenser
Leading poet of Elizabethan poetry, wrote sonnets
What was Leonardo DaVinci interested in?
The human body, faces, emotions, helicopters, architecture, dissected cadavers, animals, plants, war machines and fosils
The Mona Lisa
The most famous painting on the world by DaVinci in 1503, shows a woman (wife of a rich banker) with a receding background
Principality of Lichtenstein location
Tiny, doubly-landlocked country tucked away between Switzerland and Austria with mountain slopes rising above the Rhine Valley (important in WW2)
What did the new monarchies offer?
a gurantee of law and order, only legitimate form of power, ppl were also tired of private wars + noble's habits
El Escorial
a monastery in Spain, founded in 1563 by Pilip II, sparsely ornate, many courtyards, a lot of rooms
Wawel
a royal castle in Krakow, Poland, has arches, spacious, used for politics in 16th century
Machiavelli
an Italian Renaissance historian, politician, diplomat, philosopher, humanist, and writer of The Prince
What is Albrecht Durer's self portrait like?
background indicates leaving something behind, dress is very flamboyant, all show he has spent time in Nuremburg
What are the 5 qualities a prince must always speak of?
being merciful, humane, sincere, and religous but always be able to change these qualities
the sistine chapel ceiling
central panels depict the Biblical creation story, nudes (ignudi) used throughout, by Michelangelo, "greatest painting in the world"
Jan and Hubert Van Eyck
developed oil paint, flemish, drew townspeople and religious scenes
Muscovy Russia during Renaissance
gen. isolated from major European developments until the reign of Peter the Great
El Greco
greek who migrated to Spain, greatest painter of the spanish renaissance, intense religious mysticism,
Why are Leonardo's notebooks important?
he invented hundreds of machines that were centuries ahead of his time
Franz List
hungarian composer
Johanes Gutenburg
invented the printing press which allowed the Bible to be translated (1439)
Ralph Vaughan Williams
leading composer of generation that "revived" British Classical music in the 20th century from the 16th century, also helped escaped Germans
Lady With an Ermine
painting by Leonardo da Vinci, mistress of Duke of Milan, purchased by prince but confiscated by Nazi German forces in 1939, now in museum in Krakov
what did el escorial reflect?
political power
What was Michel Angelo's preferred medium?
sculpture
What did the theories of Copernicus put into question?
the central significance of the world and it's inhabitants bc he said the sun was at the center of the universe
christian humanism
the combination of humanist and religious ideas
How did the Habsburgs remain powerful?
they used their hereditary possessions of Austria + bribing + balanced numerous political forces in Germany to continously be elected Holy Roman Emperor
Palace of Urbino
town in the shape of a palace, Ren. arch, 1st ducal palace built in Italy
Miquel de Cervantes
wrote "Don Quixote" about a knight motivated by standards of chivalry + justice, when knightly class in Spain was becoming more unnecessary
Leonardo da Vinci
Renaissance artist who painted the Mona Lisa and made contributions to science
Sfumato
Shadowing at corners to make paintings more realistic, used/invented by da Vinci
What was DaVinci's most important work?
The Adoration of the Magi because the characters are pressed around the virgin and are clearly focussed on the central event
