AP Euro Midterm Review

The growing integration of all of the peoples of the planet into a single economic and political model and accelerating the interchange if products, ideas, and other aspects of culture. a. Egalitarianism b. Globalization c. Postmodernism d. Universalism

b. globalization

President Reagan did all of the following as he intensified the Cold War struggle EXCEPT: a. tighten the grain embargo of the Soviet Union. b. increase military spending. c. slow arms limitation negotiations. d. propose the "Star Wars" initiative to defend against space-based nuclear attack.

a. tighten the grain embargo of the Soviet Union

"From Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic, an iron curtain has descended across the Continent" Which of the following European leaders described the Cold War division of Europe in this fashion? a. Sir Winston Churchill b. Josef Stalin c. Nikita Khrushchev d. Harry Truman

a. Sir Winston Churchill

Changes affecting women in Western Europe since the 1950s include a. a much greater participation in the labor force b. a reduction in life expectancy c. increasing family size d. declining opportunities in higher education

a. a much greater participation in the labor force

The conservative politics instituted by Margaret Thatcher ("Thatcherism") stressed all of the following EXCEPT a. nationalization of industries b. sharp tax cuts c. reduced government spending d. close partnership with the United States

a. nationalization of industries

The Helsinki Accords: a. represented a step forward in recognizing human rights in Eastern Europe. b. sought to limit the Soviet sphere of influence in Eastern Europe. c. were opposed by the United States d. were championed by the Soviet Union.

a. represented a step forward in recognizing human rights in Eastern Europe

4. During the Khrushchev era (1953-1964) the Soviet Union a. retreated from some Stalinist practices and talked about "peaceful coexistence" b. enjoyed great expansion in agricultural production c. sought to join NATO and received funding from the Marshall Plan d. rapidly created a robust consumer economy

a. retreated from some Stalinist practices and talked about "peaceful coexistence"

Document: "Mankind must put an end to war - or war will put an end to mankind. .... This will require new strength and new roles for the United Nations. For disarmament without checks is but a shadow.... In 1945, this nation proposed ... to internationalize the atom before other nations even possessed the bomb.... We proposed with our allies the disarmament plan of 1951 while still at war in Korea. And we make our proposals today, while building up our defenses over Berlin, not because we are inconsistent or insincere or intimidated, but because we know the rights of free men will prevail .... I therefore propose... that disarmament negotiations resume promptly.... But this year, while we were negotiating in good faith in Geneva, others were secretly preparing new experiments in destruction...." John F. Kennedy, Address Before the General Assembly of the United Nations, September 25, 1961 Question: Kennedy made the trip shown in the photograph partly in response to a. the government of East Berlin stopping the free movement between East and West Berlin b. German forces taking control of Berlin as a focal point of the Cold War c. over three hundred people being killed as they tried to move from Berlin into East Germany d. the Iron Curtain being built across Germany.

a. the government of East Berlin stopping the free movement between East and West Berlin

Which event, more than any other, caused Khrushchev to lose the support of the Soviet people? a. de-Stalinization b. the Cuban Missile Crisis c. the Bay of Pigs invasion d. his crude mannerisms

b. The Cuban Missile Crisis

5. The European Economic Community had its origins in an earlier agreement about a. agricultural production b. coal and steel production c. railway operation d. river navigation

b. coal and steel production

document: "Soviet leaders are driven ... to put forward a dogma which [depicts the] outside world as evil, hostile and menacing.... In addition, it has an elaborate and far flung apparatus for exertion of its influence in other countries... managed by people whose experience and skill in underground methods are presumably without parallel in history." George Kennan, Charge d'Affaires, US Embassy in Moscow, telegram, 1946 "The present policy of the American government with regard to the USSR is ... directed at limiting or dislodging the influence of the Soviet Union from neighboring countries..... Such a policy is intended to weaken and overthrow the democratic governments in power there, which are friendly toward the USSR, and replace them in the future with new governments that would obediently carry out a policy dictated from the United States." Nikolai Novikov, senior Soviet diplomat in Washington, DC, telegram, 1946 question: Based on his concerns, Kennan went on to propose a US policy called a. blockades b. containment c. confrontation d. reactionism.

b. containment

Document: "Mankind must put an end to war - or war will put an end to mankind. .... This will require new strength and new roles for the United Nations. For disarmament without checks is but a shadow.... In 1945, this nation proposed ... to internationalize the atom before other nations even possessed the bomb.... We proposed with our allies the disarmament plan of 1951 while still at war in Korea. And we make our proposals today, while building up our defenses over Berlin, not because we are inconsistent or insincere or intimidated, but because we know the rights of free men will prevail .... I therefore propose... that disarmament negotiations resume promptly.... But this year, while we were negotiating in good faith in Geneva, others were secretly preparing new experiments in destruction...." John F. Kennedy, Address Before the General Assembly of the United Nations, September 25, 1961 Question: In 1961 Kennedy made his proposal to the UN because of a. his fear of a Soviet take-over of Eastern European states b. the Soviet build-up of nuclear weapons c. the US representative to the UN was unable to present the proposal d. Americans whole-heartedly supported the work of the UN.

b. the Soviet build-up of nuclear weapons

document: "Soviet leaders are driven ... to put forward a dogma which [depicts the] outside world as evil, hostile and menacing.... In addition, it has an elaborate and far flung apparatus for exertion of its influence in other countries... managed by people whose experience and skill in underground methods are presumably without parallel in history." George Kennan, Charge d'Affaires, US Embassy in Moscow, telegram, 1946 "The present policy of the American government with regard to the USSR is ... directed at limiting or dislodging the influence of the Soviet Union from neighboring countries..... Such a policy is intended to weaken and overthrow the democratic governments in power there, which are friendly toward the USSR, and replace them in the future with new governments that would obediently carry out a policy dictated from the United States." Nikolai Novikov, senior Soviet diplomat in Washington, DC, telegram, 1946 question: Both Kennan and Novikov a. looked at the Iron Curtain as a Soviet move to control her neighbors b. viewed each other's state as aggressive c. were interested in spreading the ideals of Greek democracy and Roman republicanism d. believed that the standards of the Warsaw Pact should be defended.

b. viewed each other's state as aggressive

image description: american octopus with dollar signs in his eyes. Created by the French communist party. Says "No, France will not be a colonized country! Americans stay in America! question: 8. The creators of the poster also likely opposed which of the following? a. Greater involvement of women in politics and education b. The expansion of social welfare programs c. The continued French government of Algeria d. The expansion of Soviet economic influence in Eastern Europe

c. The continued French government of Algeria

Which was the only Communist country to accept Marshall Plan aid? a. Czechoslovakia b. Albania c. Yugoslavia d. Bulgaria

c. Yugoslavia

3. One of the most important causes of the Cold War between the Soviet Union and the United States after World War II was a. refusal of western powers to give the Soviet Union a role in postwar Germany. b. rivalries between the Western European countries regarding the status of Germany c. competition between rival political and economic systems in the U.S. and USSR d.border disputes in Scandinavia

c. competition between rival and political and economic systems in the U.S. and USSR

Between the death of Stalin and the rise of Gorbachev, the Soviet Union a. dismantled the KGB b. solved its agricultural problems c. experienced some liberalization along with increasing economic decline d. announced repression of revolts of satellites

c. experienced some liberalization along with increasing economic decline

Document: "Mankind must put an end to war - or war will put an end to mankind. .... This will require new strength and new roles for the United Nations. For disarmament without checks is but a shadow.... In 1945, this nation proposed ... to internationalize the atom before other nations even possessed the bomb.... We proposed with our allies the disarmament plan of 1951 while still at war in Korea. And we make our proposals today, while building up our defenses over Berlin, not because we are inconsistent or insincere or intimidated, but because we know the rights of free men will prevail .... I therefore propose... that disarmament negotiations resume promptly.... But this year, while we were negotiating in good faith in Geneva, others were secretly preparing new experiments in destruction...." John F. Kennedy, Address Before the General Assembly of the United Nations, September 25, 1961 Question: At this time Kennedy was also concerned about what other area of conflict in which the US lagged behind? a. African decolonization b. sports, such as soccer c. space exploration d. drug enforcement

c. space exploration

A key provision of the 1991 Maastricht Treaty called for: a. the creation of a special police force to fight the drug trade. b. the establishment of uniform wages and prices in all the signatory countries. c. the creation of a unified currency. d. new laws to enforce gender equality in the workplace.

c. the creation of a unified currency

All of the following were 20th century artistic movements EXCEPT a. Soviet Realism b. Abstract Expressionism c. Pop Art d. Baroque

d. Baroque

6. After the division of Germany into east and west, the city of Berlin remained in __________ occupied territory. a. French b. American c. British d. Soviet

d. Soviet

Which statement best explains why many violent clashes have broken out between ethnic and religious groups in Central and Eastern Europe since the fall of Communism? a. The opening of Eastern Europe to a free-market economy has promoted ferocious competition, which has provoked ethnic hatred. b. under Communism the different ethnic and religious groups were allowed complete freedom, but under new governments they are repressed. c. The United States actively supported nationalist movements with troops and money d. The Communist regimes suppressed or permitted only cultural expression of national ambitions, and now these ethnic differences have resurfaced.

d. The Communist regimes suppressed or permitted only cultural expression of national ambitions, and now these ethnic differences have resurfaced.

image description: american octopus with dollar signs in his eyes. Created by the French communist party. Says "No, France will not be a colonized country! Americans stay in America! question: 7. The attitude exemplified by the poster was likely LEAST influenced by which of the following? a. Soviet influence over Western European communist parties during the Cold War b. The Marshall Plan c. The creation of NATO d. The creation of the United Nations

d. The Creation of the United Nations

image description: american octopus with dollar signs in his eyes. Created by the French communist party. Says "No, France will not be a colonized country! Americans stay in America! question: 9. The political sentiment expressed in the poster would have the greatest influence on which of the following? a. The collapse of the Soviet Union b. The development of the European Union c. The increase in the number of "guest workers" in Western Europe d. The student rebellions of 1968

d. The student rebellions of 1968

Which best characterizes the weaknesses of the Soviet economy after World War II? a. inflexible central planning b. low worker morale and productivity c. shortages in natural resources and raw materials d. both a and b e. both b and c

d. both a and b

Under the Brezhnev Doctrine, the Soviet Union a. was focused on reforming the internal workings of the Soviet Government b. set a policy of Soviet self-containment c. increased freedom of discussion and other rights in the Soviet Union d. gave itself the right to interfere in the affairs of other communists countries

d. gave itself the right to interfere in the affairs of other communists countries

Under Pope Paul VI the Twenty-First Ecumenical Council made changes in Catholic liturgy, including all of the following EXCEPT: a. fostering a new spirit toward Judaism. b. encouraging freer relations with other Christian denominations. c. Mass would be celebrated in the vernacular languages rather than in Latin. d. ordaining women.

d. ordaining women

document: "Soviet leaders are driven ... to put forward a dogma which [depicts the] outside world as evil, hostile and menacing.... In addition, it has an elaborate and far flung apparatus for exertion of its influence in other countries... managed by people whose experience and skill in underground methods are presumably without parallel in history." George Kennan, Charge d'Affaires, US Embassy in Moscow, telegram, 1946 "The present policy of the American government with regard to the USSR is ... directed at limiting or dislodging the influence of the Soviet Union from neighboring countries..... Such a policy is intended to weaken and overthrow the democratic governments in power there, which are friendly toward the USSR, and replace them in the future with new governments that would obediently carry out a policy dictated from the United States." Nikolai Novikov, senior Soviet diplomat in Washington, DC, telegram, 1946 question: Novikov seemed to suggest that the United States a. wanted to take control of the Western European states near the USSR b. was limiting Soviet control of post-World War II China c. was trying to seize the Ukraine and other democracies in the USSR d. sought to influence Eastern European countries.

d. sought to influence Eastern European countries

Evidence of the "Americanization" of European culture in the post-World War II era is represented by American dominance in all of the following EXCEPT a. popular music b. television and movies c. the predominance of U.S. businesses in Europe d. the rise of the welfare state

d. the rise of the welfare state