AP EURO Napoleon Quiz 1/8
Which of the following actions by Napoleon aided the cause of German unification A The elimination of many small states and the political reorganization of territory B The incorporation of Schleswig-Holstein into Prussia C The expulsion of the Turks occupying the European territory where German was spoken D The reversal of the long-standing policy of French support for the Holy Roman Empire E The requirement that all people in conquered lands speak a common language, French
A
Napoleon Bonaparte's repressive occupation sparked a violent popular revolt in A Spain B Italy C Austria D Poland E Great Britain
A
Napoleon could be characterized as "1st Modern Dictator" in all of the following ways EXCEPT A- plebiscite B- censorship of the press and skillful "selling" of propaganda to the press C- lack of freedom of speech or toleration of dissent D- cult of personality surrounding the leader E- Code Napoleon F- expansionistic foreign policy
E-Code Napoleon
Saying that a man has "met his Waterloo" means that he has
experienced a climatic defeat
The coup d'etat by which Napoleon gained power in 1799 was a
swift and relatively bloodless revolution
what was the famous slogan associated with the ideals of the French Revolution
"Liberte, Egalite, Fraternite" ("Liberty, Equality, Brotherhood")
"From this moment...all Frenchmen are in permanent requisition for the services of the armies. The young men shall fight; the married men shall forge arms and transport provisions; the women shall make tents and clothes and shall serve in the hospitals; the children shall turn linen into lint [for bandages]; the old men shall betake themselves to the public squares in order to arouse the courage of the warriors and preach hatred of kings and the unity of the Republic." Decree issued by the republican government of France, August 23, 1793 In subsequent years, the French government used the institutions created by the decree to A attempt to spread French Revolutionary ideals throughout Europe B start nationalist uprisings in countries outside of France C encourage internal debate concerning the proper course of the revolution in France D justify the granting of greater political and legal rights to women
A
How did Mary Wollstonecraft differ from Edmund Burke and Jean Jacques Rousseau on attitudes towards women's role in society
Mary Wollstonecraft is considered a "radical" because of her feminist beliefs in women's equality and rights whereas Burke and Rousseau are "conservative" because they believe in the status quo and the traditional role of women, which contradicts feminism
Napoleon's failure to conquer Russia was due chiefly to
climate and size of Russia
"Peoples of these long-oppressed, German lands! As a German I come among you, long-lost brothers who have been won back at great cost! To return you freedom, independence, honor, and happiness in the name of generous-hearted monarchs. Prove yourselves worthy of such great gifts. Earn the blood that has flowed on your behalf. Make willing and immediate sacrifice to secure an honorable, happy future. Seek to earn and preserve what the victorious allied armies* have given you. Remember the noble German princes, whose rule was happy and who remained worthy in good times and bad. Think of the great Imperial union and the common language, which binds you with us in perpetuity. Prove yourselves worthy of being German, and you will remain so." * a reference to the forces of Russia, Prussia, and Austria that had defeated Napoleon in Germany the previous year Declaration of Justus Gruner, newly appointed governor-general of the Middle Rhine region after Napoleon's retreat from Germany, 1814 All the following statements are historically accurate. Which would most strongly support Gruner's characterization in the second paragraph of the rule of German princes before Napoleon? A There were virtually no instances of significant popular rebellions against German princes in the eighteenth century. B Germany was divided in nearly three hundred independent principalities in the eighteenth century. C The Peace of Westphalia had established the idea of state sovereignty as the governing principle for relationships among German states in the eighteenth century. D Most German states in the eighteenth century had an official religion supported by the ruler
A
"Peoples of these long-oppressed, German lands! As a German I come among you, long-lost brothers who have been won back at great cost! To return you freedom, independence, honor, and happiness in the name of generous-hearted monarchs. Prove yourselves worthy of such great gifts. Earn the blood that has flowed on your behalf. Make willing and immediate sacrifice to secure an honorable, happy future. Seek to earn and preserve what the victorious allied armies* have given you. Remember the noble German princes, whose rule was happy and who remained worthy in good times and bad. Think of the great Imperial union and the common language, which binds you with us in perpetuity. Prove yourselves worthy of being German, and you will remain so." * a reference to the forces of Russia, Prussia, and Austria that had defeated Napoleon in Germany the previous year Declaration of Justus Gruner, newly appointed governor-general of the Middle Rhine region after Napoleon's retreat from Germany, 1814 Which of the following best explains why Napoleon's empire provoked nationalist reactions across Europe, as suggested by the passage? A Napoleon used nationalism to mobilize the mass armies that facilitated his conquests, and his methods were copied and in some cases amplified by his rivals. B Napoleon's failure to conquer Russia provoked nationalist fears of the imposition of Eastern Orthodox religion on Europe. C Napoleon's agreement with the Roman Catholic Church in the Concordat of 1801 provoked nationalist responses in Protestant areas. D Napoleon's attempts to promote economic and industrial development in his empire threatened the merchant elites of other nations
A
Napoleon's efforts to limit civil rights and restrict domestic opposition are best explained by which of the following? A The need to maintain a unified France in the face of continued resistance by other European powers to his imperial conquests B The desire to create an absolute monarchy modeled on the Bourbon dynasty C The desire to appear as an upholder of Enlightenment political models D The need to suppress internal opposition to the state-sponsored Cult of the Supreme Being
A
Source 1 "Many of the issues raised in those 25 years [of the French Revolution] remain a cause of partisan debate, being sources of our political and social system. The proposition that simply by being born one has certain inherent rights was the Idea of that revolution. The [seed] of it, as we saw, lay in the Protestant Revolution, which asserted the 'Christian liberty' of everyone's free and equal access to God. The [seed] was developed indirectly by the Monarchical Revolution, which lowered the power and prestige of the nobility and tended, despite exceptions, toward making everybody alike subjects of the king within the nation-state. Next, the 'Century of Light' [the Enlightenment] launched doctrines, political, social, and economic, that should have caused France to transform its monarchy from so-called absolute to constitutional like England and even more thoroughly. This purpose was widely understood by the population; it inspired the first moves of the Estates General convened at mid-year 1789, and it brought about the nobles stripping themselves of their privileges." Jacques Barzun, French historian, From Dawn to Decadence: 1500 to the Present, 500 Years of Western Cultural Life, 2000 Source 2 "For me as a British Conservative, with Edmund Burke the father of Conservatism and the first great perceptive critic of the Revolution as my ideological mentor, the events of 1789 represent a perennial illusion in politics. The French Revolution was a Utopian attempt to overcome a traditional order—one with many imperfections, certainly—in the name of abstract ideas, formulated by vain intellectuals, which lapsed, not through chance but through weakness and wickedness, into purges, mass murder and war. In so many ways it anticipated the still more terrible Bolshevik Revolution of 1917. The English tradition of liberty, however, grew over the centuries: its most marked features are continuity, respect for law and a sense of balance, as demonstrated by the Glorious Revolution of 1688." Margaret Thatcher, Conservative Prime Minister of Great Britain (1979-1990), memoirs, 1993 Which of the following is an accurate comparison of each author's view of the causes of the French Revolution? A Barzun asserts that it originated from the idea of individual liberty created by the Reformation, while Thatcher argues that it came from radical Enlightenment intellectuals. B Barzun asserts that it was led by the bourgeoisie of France, while Thatcher argues that it resulted from the demands of radical peasants and workers. C Barzun asserts that it was the result of the success of absolutism in France, while Thatcher argues that it was the result of antireligious sentiment during the Enlightenment. D Barzun asserts that it was the result of the development of the working class, while Thatcher argues that it was led by reformers among the nobility
A
"From this moment...all Frenchmen are in permanent requisition for the services of the armies. The young men shall fight; the married men shall forge arms and transport provisions; the women shall make tents and clothes and shall serve in the hospitals; the children shall turn linen into lint [for bandages]; the old men shall betake themselves to the public squares in order to arouse the courage of the warriors and preach hatred of kings and the unity of the Republic." Decree issued by the republican government of France, August 23, 1793 Countries in the coalitions that opposed Revolutionary and Napoleonic France were most eager to adopt which provision of the decree? A The mass mobilization of children for the war effort B The creation of nationally based mass conscript armies C The formation of female nursing corps D The promotion of public oratory by citizens in support of the government's cause
B
"Peoples of these long-oppressed, German lands! As a German I come among you, long-lost brothers who have been won back at great cost! To return you freedom, independence, honor, and happiness in the name of generous-hearted monarchs. Prove yourselves worthy of such great gifts. Earn the blood that has flowed on your behalf. Make willing and immediate sacrifice to secure an honorable, happy future. Seek to earn and preserve what the victorious allied armies* have given you. Remember the noble German princes, whose rule was happy and who remained worthy in good times and bad. Think of the great Imperial union and the common language, which binds you with us in perpetuity. Prove yourselves worthy of being German, and you will remain so." * a reference to the forces of Russia, Prussia, and Austria that had defeated Napoleon in Germany the previous year Declaration of Justus Gruner, newly appointed governor-general of the Middle Rhine region after Napoleon's retreat from Germany, 1814 Which of the following best explains why many saw Napoleon as an oppressor, as stated in the passage? A He imposed the Code Napoleon, a system of laws based on French revolutionary principles, on territories conquered by his armies. B While he created some representative institutions in conquered regions, in practice these were manipulated to keep Napoleon's regime in power. C He redrew territorial boundaries to meet popular nationalist demands, such as creating a new Polish state out of Prussian, Austrian, and Russian territory. D The creation of systems of primary education under Napoleon was seen as an unjustified intrusion into family life.
B
A historian would be most likely to use the two images as evidence that the Napoleonic Wars A affected civilians in Germany less severely than they did civilians in Spain B inspired nationalist sentiment in both Germany and Spain C brought about resistance to French rule in Spain but not in Germany D led artists in both Spain and Germany to experiment with new styles and subject matter
B
Napoleon's establishment of what he called republics in various conquered territories is best explained by A his intention to prepare those provinces for eventual self-rule B his nominal adherence to the French Revolutionary principle of popular sovereignty C his desire to win recognition and acceptance from conservative monarchies in Europe D his hope to experiment with various governmental models for possible application in France
B
Source 1 "Many of the issues raised in those 25 years [of the French Revolution] remain a cause of partisan debate, being sources of our political and social system. The proposition that simply by being born one has certain inherent rights was the Idea of that revolution. The [seed] of it, as we saw, lay in the Protestant Revolution, which asserted the 'Christian liberty' of everyone's free and equal access to God. The [seed] was developed indirectly by the Monarchical Revolution, which lowered the power and prestige of the nobility and tended, despite exceptions, toward making everybody alike subjects of the king within the nation-state. Next, the 'Century of Light' [the Enlightenment] launched doctrines, political, social, and economic, that should have caused France to transform its monarchy from so-called absolute to constitutional like England and even more thoroughly. This purpose was widely understood by the population; it inspired the first moves of the Estates General convened at mid-year 1789, and it brought about the nobles stripping themselves of their privileges." Jacques Barzun, French historian, From Dawn to Decadence: 1500 to the Present, 500 Years of Western Cultural Life, 2000 Source 2 "For me as a British Conservative, with Edmund Burke the father of Conservatism and the first great perceptive critic of the Revolution as my ideological mentor, the events of 1789 represent a perennial illusion in politics. The French Revolution was a Utopian attempt to overcome a traditional order—one with many imperfections, certainly—in the name of abstract ideas, formulated by vain intellectuals, which lapsed, not through chance but through weakness and wickedness, into purges, mass murder and war. In so many ways it anticipated the still more terrible Bolshevik Revolution of 1917. The English tradition of liberty, however, grew over the centuries: its most marked features are continuity, respect for law and a sense of balance, as demonstrated by the Glorious Revolution of 1688." Margaret Thatcher, Conservative Prime Minister of Great Britain (1979-1990), memoirs, 1993 Which of the following is the most accurate description of a similarity in the ideas of the two authors? A Both authors see the Glorious Revolution in England as a more positive development than the French Revolution. B Both authors see the French Revolution as an attempt to change the traditional order. C Both authors see the French Revolution as encouraging the Industrial Revolution. D Both authors see the motivations for the French Revolution as fundamentally conservative
B
"From this moment...all Frenchmen are in permanent requisition for the services of the armies. The young men shall fight; the married men shall forge arms and transport provisions; the women shall make tents and clothes and shall serve in the hospitals; the children shall turn linen into lint [for bandages]; the old men shall betake themselves to the public squares in order to arouse the courage of the warriors and preach hatred of kings and the unity of the Republic." Decree issued by the republican government of France, August 23, 1793 The French government issued the decree primarily in response to A the use of new military tactics and technologies by opponents of the French Revolution B the lack of female support for the ideals of the French Revolution C domestic unrest and foreign aggression against the radical Revolutionary government D opposition to the trial of the French royal family by the French government
C
Napoleon's reign was characterized by all of the following except A- Joseph Fouche was placed in charge of an extensive domestic and foreign spy program B- Napoleon launched a series of expansionistic wars C- Napoleon was able to pacify the Spanish population and control the Iberian Peninsula with relative ease D- A Grand Alliance formed against Napoleon after his failed invasion of Russia E- the 4th estate was largely regulated by napoleon's censors
C
Source 1 "Many of the issues raised in those 25 years [of the French Revolution] remain a cause of partisan debate, being sources of our political and social system. The proposition that simply by being born one has certain inherent rights was the Idea of that revolution. The [seed] of it, as we saw, lay in the Protestant Revolution, which asserted the 'Christian liberty' of everyone's free and equal access to God. The [seed] was developed indirectly by the Monarchical Revolution, which lowered the power and prestige of the nobility and tended, despite exceptions, toward making everybody alike subjects of the king within the nation-state. Next, the 'Century of Light' [the Enlightenment] launched doctrines, political, social, and economic, that should have caused France to transform its monarchy from so-called absolute to constitutional like England and even more thoroughly. This purpose was widely understood by the population; it inspired the first moves of the Estates General convened at mid-year 1789, and it brought about the nobles stripping themselves of their privileges." Jacques Barzun, French historian, From Dawn to Decadence: 1500 to the Present, 500 Years of Western Cultural Life, 2000 Source 2 "For me as a British Conservative, with Edmund Burke the father of Conservatism and the first great perceptive critic of the Revolution as my ideological mentor, the events of 1789 represent a perennial illusion in politics. The French Revolution was a Utopian attempt to overcome a traditional order—one with many imperfections, certainly—in the name of abstract ideas, formulated by vain intellectuals, which lapsed, not through chance but through weakness and wickedness, into purges, mass murder and war. In so many ways it anticipated the still more terrible Bolshevik Revolution of 1917. The English tradition of liberty, however, grew over the centuries: its most marked features are continuity, respect for law and a sense of balance, as demonstrated by the Glorious Revolution of 1688." Margaret Thatcher, Conservative Prime Minister of Great Britain (1979-1990), memoirs, 1993 Which of the following is the most accurate comparison of each author's overall view of the French Revolution? A Both Barzun and Thatcher view the French Revolution positively. B Both Barzun and Thatcher view the French Revolution negatively. C Barzun views the French Revolution positively, while Thatcher views it negatively. D Barzun views the French Revolution negatively, while Thatcher views it positively.
C
Napoleon was without a doubt one of the greatest administrators in history. Napoleon quickly worked to repair the wounds of the first ten years of the revolution. Which of the following is not a reform of Napoleon
Civil Code of 1804 granted equality before the law for men and women
Napoleon's mobilization of large conscript armies is best understood as a continuation of the military practices of A the French wars of religion B the Thirty Years' War C the Bourbon monarchy's wars of the eighteenth century D the French Revolutionary period
D
Napoleon's primary aim in establishing the Continental System was to A unite the German states B end the military threat from Russia C provide new governments in French-occupied territories D destroy Great Britain's economy E create a tariff-free zone throughout Europe
D
The dark areas in the map above represent the A division of Europe into Catholic, Protestant, Orthodox, and Muslim areas B division of Europe after the Thirty Years' War C rule of the Hapsburgs in the sixteenth century D farthest extent of lands ruled directly by Napoleonic France E regions that experienced the slowest demographic changes in the eighteenth century
D
The painting of Napoleon shown above portrays him as which of the following? A A chivalrous hero B A compassionate humanist C A competent bureaucrat D An imperial ruler E A ruthless military conqueror
D
Which of the following statements accurately describes the Napoleonic Code A It was Europe's first written law code. B It prepared the way for the Bourbon Restoration. C It institutionalized the corvée. D It protected private property and the authority of husbands within the family. E It determined the shape of European governments until the First World War
D
which of the following was not one of Napoleon's lasting legacies A- demonstrated the power of "fraternity" B- the Napoleonic Code C- the Bank of France D- bringing Liberalism to Russia E- abolition of feudalism in areas he conquered including the Holy Roman Empire
D
Napoleons could be characterized as a "son or preserver of the revolution" in all of the following ways EXCEPT A- His belief in meritocracy B- Napoleonic Code and Civil Code C- religious tolerance D- his treatment of the 4th estate E- abolished feudalism in the lands he conquered and governed
D-his treatment of the 4th estate
which is not a lasting legacy of Napoleon's reign A- Napoleonic law code B- end of feudalism in areas he conquered C- Bank of France D- Meritocracy and constitutionalism in lands he conquered E- decline in intolerant nationalism
E-decline in intolerant nationalism
What are four distinct criticisms of the Old Regime leveled by the Enlightenment philosophers? John Locke Montesquieu Adam Smith Beccaria
John Locke- Attacks absolutism because absolute leaders do not give the right to revolt Montesquieu- Attacks absolute power and believes there should be a separation of powers Adam Smith- Attacks mercantilism and the governments involvement in trade, economic policies... believes in laissez faire and free trade Beccaria- attacks cruel and unjust punishments, wants to give people better environments
Which listing of titles correctly gives the steps by which Napoleon Bonaparte rose to power
general, first consul, emperor
Napoleon's "Continental System" was mainly and effort to
hurt British trade
The importance of the Code Napoleon is that it
is the basis of legal equality in many European nations
