AP Euro Reformation/Exploration
Which of the following best characterizes the immigration patterns (forced and unforced) of Europeans and Africans to the Americas between 1500 and 1800
About four times as many Africans immigrated as Europeans
which of the following was a major motivation for European exploration?
Desire of material profit
The Colloquy of Marburg
Failed to resolve differences among protestants on the issue of the Eucharist
How did the Calvinists understand the idea of work or labor?
Hard work, well done, was pleasing to God, and all work with a religious aspect was dignified
What is the name given to French Protestants?
Huguenots
How did the closing of the monasteries and convents affect upper-class women?
Marriage became virtually the only occupation for upper-class women
How did the introduction of Ptolemy's geography mislead European cartographers?
Ptolemy asserted that the world was actually much smaller than it actually is, indicating that Asia was not far removed from Europe to the west
Hasburg-Valois Wat
The Treaty of Cateau-Cambresis ended the conflict known as
How did Magellan's circumnavigation of the globe affect Spanish colonization?
The great distance of the pacific convinced spanish to abandon efforts of trade with Asia and develop their american colonies instead
How did the Portuguese obtain most of their slaves in Africa?
They traded slaves with local leaders
Martin Luther's first response to the peasants war was
To side with the peasants
Which of the following best describes Martin Luther's doctrine of salvation?
Salvation came through God's predestined selection of those he chose to save
In addition to reform the church, what was the other goal of the Council of Trent?
Securing reconciliation with the Protestants
How widespread was the influence of the Inquisition?
The Inquisition effectively destroyed heresey in the Papal States but had little influence elsewhere
How did the encomienda system function?
The Spanish crown granted conquerors the right to employ or demand tribute from Native American groups, in exchange for providing food and shelter
In the early sixteenth century, anticlericalism focused primarily on which of the following issues?
The heresy of priests who preached messages contrary to the church doctrine
What group of people benefited the most during the large price increases in the 16th century?
The middle class
How did the Spanish monarchy seek control over its colonies?
The monarchy established intendants with broad administrative and financial authority who were responsible directly to the monarchy
How did the choice to embrace or reject the reformation occur in a territory or region in the Holy Roman Empire
The political leaders of the territory or region determined whether to introduce reform
Why did protestants allow the dissolution of marriages in divorce?
They viewed marriage as a contract for mutual support, and married partners who failed to provide support endangered their souls and their entire community
The overriding goal of the Catholic religious orders established in the 16th century was
To uplift the moral condition of clergy and laity
What new religious order for women emerged in the 16th century?
Ursuline order
In religious affairs, Elizabeth I, of England, followed a policy that
Was a middle course between Catholic and Protestant extremes
Luther believed the church consisted of
A spiritual priesthood of all Christian believers
How did justifications for slavery change from the fifteenth to eighteenth centuries?
Arguments on slavery began to focus more on science and nature and less on religion
As a result of the peace of Augsburg, the people of Germany
Became either Lutheran or Catholic, depending on their prince
After losing access to slave trade through the black sea, the Genoese obtained which of the following as slaves?
Black Africans
John Calvin rejected the idea of free will because he believes it would
Detract from the sovereignty of God
which of the following characterizes the role of Europe in the system of world trade prior to Columbus?
Europe was a minor outpost that produced A few products desired by other civilizations
Shakespeare's history plays, such as Richard III,
Expressed an english national consciousness
The Edict of Nantes
Granted French Huguenots to worship in 150 towns
The European voyages of the 15th century were derived to share in the wealth of
Indian Ocean trade
What did the Treaty of Tordesillas accomplish?
It divided the Atlantic Ocean, giving Spain control of everything west of an imaginary line, and Portugal everything east of the line
How did the Turks' expansion of the Ottoman Empire and their conquest of the Byzantine empire and its capital Constantinople in 1453 influence European exploration?
It forced Europeans to search for alternate trade routes to China, bypassing the overland routes now controlled by the Ottoman Empire,
What age did Martin Luther it as his call to reform emerged?
Luther understood the new power of the printing press and authorized the publication of his works
What were Lutheran and Calvinist views on secular rulers?
Lutherans taught respect for authority while calvinists encouraged opposition to political authorities who were considered ungodly
What was the name given to Catholic and Huguenot moderates in France?
Politiques
The pilgrimage of Grace attested to
Popular opposition, in northern England, to Henry VIII's reformation