AP Euro Semester 2 Unit Test

Which of the following nations were ultimately able to defeat the Axis powers?

The United States, Britain, and the Soviet Union

Which of the following would have justified Soviet intervention in Czechoslovakia in the spring of 1968?

Czechoslovakia had been under the domination of the Soviet Union since the end of World War II

Which of the following would also be a significant reason for the Russian victory at Stalingrad?

The concentrated military commitment of the Soviet Union to defeat Germany

The formation of Nato and the Warsaw Pact, as shown on the map, was a result of

Deep-seated tensions between the Soviet Union and the West

Nikita Khrushchev did which of the following?

Denounced Stalin's cult of personality.

Which Warsaw Pact nation did not share a border with the Soviet Union?

East Germany

Which of the following postwar developments was a result of the Allied offensives from 1942 to 1945?

Eastern Europe was politically and economically dominated by the Soviet Union

Which of the following is the most serious potential limitation of the data in the tables for assessing the comparative performance of European economies?

Economic data may have been reported differently in the Eastern Bloc countries than it was in Western European countries.

Which of the following would have been a factor that encouraged Margaret Thatcher to initiate reforms in Great Britain?

Extensive and expensive social welfare programs that began after World War II

The widespread hostility and resistance to German occupation during the Second World War is best explained in the context of the

German occupiers' attempts to implement Nazi racial theories

A person who agrees with the views of the women in the picture would be LEAST likely to advocate which of the following?

Government policies that encourage an increased birth rate

Which of the following demographic groups would have most likely written the inscriptions above?

Intellectuals and youth

Which of the following was a characteristic of the Spanish Civil War?

Italy and Germany allied with Franco and the fascists

Which of the following was a reason that the Ungarians rebelled against the Soviet authority in 1956?

Khrushchev's de-Stalinization policies led to increased nationalism in the satellite countries

Trotsky's appeals to the Russian lower class were a result of which of the following?

Long-term problems made worse by Russian entry into World War 1

Which of the following would best explain the appeal of Fascism in France alluded to in the passage?

Political instability in France after the First World War

The effects of war as described in the except resulted in which of the following?

Protests in belligerent nations against the military

Which of the following policies would the author of the poem be LEAST likely to support?

Reluctant acceptance of democratic institutions

The Soviet Second World War poster shown above gives which of the following messages?

Soviet soldiers defend the Motherland like heroes from Russian history.

The conflict alluded to in the passage is best explained by

Territorial disputes and rival alliance structures involving the two countries

All of the following quotes are from historians who studied the Holocaust. Which quote most directly challenges the claim made by the author of the passage?

"The 'Final Solution' was not so much willed and decreed by Hitler as improvised by the bureaucrats, competing for favor in Hitler's eyes."

One result of the Bolshevik Revolution was

A civil war between the communists and the opponents of communism

How can the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk be described?

As the result of the Bolsheviks' need to end the Russian War effort in order to consolidate their revolutionary gains.

Which of the following was the direct and immediate result of the agreement pictured above?

The British and French allowed Hitler to occupy the Czechoslovakian territory of Sudetenland, rather than defending their Czech ally.

Chamberlains willingness at Munich to appease Nazi demands and maintain peacful relations with Hitler is BEST explained by which of the following statements?

British public opinion was overwhelmingly against another war, so that Chamberlain feared taking military action against Germany.

The member-nations of the Warsaw Pact would also have belonged to which of the following organizations?

The Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (COMECON)

Which of the following statements best reflects Robert's ideas in the above except?

The Marshall Plan intensified the rivalry between the United States / Western Europe and the Soviet Union / Eastern Europe

All the following statements are factually accurate. Which would most directly challenge the argument described by Marrus?

The Nazi regime considered a plan to deport European Jews to the French colony of Madagascar.

Which of the following resulted from Lenin's compromise with free-market principles?

The New Economic Policy (NEP)

Which of the following best explains why, in the 1956 edition of the book, the author stated, "I no longer think that all wars are unnecessary"?

The Second World War had to be fought to stop the expansion of Nazi Germany in Europe.

Nagy's view as expressed in the excerpt above most directly supports which of the Following?

The Soviet imperialism extends around the globe

Which of the following best explains why Marshall's plan outlined in the passage was a break from prior United States policy in Europe?

The United States had adopted a largely isolationist foreign policy with regard to Europe after the First World War.

Which of the following best explains the emergence of new cultural and social voices in Europe during the second half of the twentieth century?

The demographic and economic changes that altered the experience of everyday life for women and minorities

Which of the following developments led to the growth of communist parties as described in the excerpt?

The destruction and devastation caused by World War II

Lenin's proposals for revolutionary change in Russia are best explained by which of the following intellectual developments?

The development of a Marxist critique of industrial society

The results of the attacks described in the passage are best explained in the context of

The emergence of new technologies that disrupted traditional military tactics

The events described in the excerpt reflect which of the following?

The new technologies used during World War I led to civilian casualties

All of the following were reasons for the Western policy toward fascist aggression EXCEPT

The process of decolonization, which challenged the brush commitments to the European continent

he image most directly ilustrates the policy of Fascist Italy that emphazised which of the following?

The social, economic, cultural, and political life of a nation must be directed and dictated by a single leader who alone was strong enough to control the state.

What was the result of Article III of the treaty?

The surrender of the western part of the Russian Empire to the German Empire

Which of the following statements best reflects Chertoff's ideas in the above excerpt?

Winston Churchill's speech in the House of Commons was not widely popular at that time

The German military's development of blitzkrieg tactics in the period just before the Second World War is best explained in the context of

advances in transportation and communication technology

The data in Table 2 most strongly suggest that

democratic governments were more successful in delivering economic prosperity to their citizens than nondemocratic governments were

The all-out military commitment of the Soviet Union to the defeat of Germany in the Second World War is best explained in the context of

the ideological hostility of the two regimes that made compromise or surrender unlikely

Which of the following was a result of the Marshall Plan?

A period of growth known as the "economic miracle"

Which of the following conclusions about the period from 1930 to 1939 is most directly supported from the picture and passage above?

Children were not exempted but rather targeted by the Nazi propagandists who aimed at eliminating individualism in favor of creating a like-minded population.

FDR's speech is referring to which date below?

December 7th, 1941

Which of the following would be the most significant cause of the Great Depression?

Dependence on post-World War I American investment capital

The ideas expressed in this picture would have been most influenced by which of the following developments?

Despite gains to the feminist movement, women still continue to face social and economic inequalities

Sentiments similar to those expressed in the report most directly contributed to which of the following developments in the late twentieth century?

Ethnic conflict after the collapse of communism

Which of the following was a direct consequence of Stalin's economic modernization of the Soviet Union?

Famine in Ukraine

The image above reflects which of the following historical developments?

Fascist states revolved around the cult of a single all-powerful leader, who would encompass all state and society, politics, culture, and art in his leadership.

The events referred to in this poem led most directly to which of the following?

Franco's victory and the establishment of authoritarian rule in Spain from the mid-1930s to the 1970s

The pattern of Axis conquest through 1942 resulted most directly from which of the following factors?

Germany's Blitzkrieg tactics brought the Axis powers early victories

Based on the passage and the historical context in which Wedgwood's book was originally published, which of the following most heavily influenced the author's view of the Thirty Years' War?

Growing international tensions in Europe as a result of aggressive nationalism

Based on the passage, which of the following can be inferred about Sukhanov's beliefs?

He was supportive of his new phase of the revolution

Which of the following pieces of evidence would most directly support the argument about the Holocaust described by Marrus?

Hitler called for the elimination of the Jewish people from Europe in his early 1920s autobiography Mein Kampf.

Which of the following statements would LEAST explain Huntley's support of Margaret Thatcher?

Huntley was supportive of Thatcher's reforms because she may have been a member of a trade union

Which of the following causes of WWI MOST likely motivated Wilson to draft this 14-Point plan.

Imperialism

Which of these is most likely to be the event that Gen. Eisenhower is preparing American soldiers for in this dispatch?

Invasion of Normandy

Which of the following statements best reflects Barry;s ideas on the German defeat at the Battle of Stalingrad?

Many of the generals and top officials share the responsibility for the defeat at Stalingrad; however, Hitler should bear the brunt because he could have stopped the carnage by ordering a retreat at any time

The Russian political cartoon above from the Cold War era ridicules the motivations of the

Marshall Plan

The first excerpt alludes to which of the following political concepts?

National self-determination

The author of this poem was most likely motivated by which of the following nineteenth-century movements?

Nationalism

Which of the following led to weaknesses in the European economy prior to the Great Depression?

Nationalistic tariff policies

Which of the following was a characteristic of the Cold War?

Nations to the east of the Iron Curtain following an economic policy based in central planning and extensive social welfare

Russia's performance in the First World War was most significantly held back by which of the following?

Russia's incomplete industrialization

Lenin's call for an end to the war is best explained by which of the following?

Russia's poor performance in the war that had created massive suffering and discontent in Russia

Sending people to Siberian camps was part of which of the following?

Stalin's efforts to purge political rivals

The developments within the Soviet Union that most immediately led to increased production of military weaponry such as the tank shown in the picture above began which of the following eras?

Stalins economic modernization

Which of the following areas was taken by the Soviets as a buffer zone prior to going to war with Germany?

The Baltic States

According to Stephen Hicks, Dadaists art like that of Duchamp's Fountain lack meaning and was not "exciting or ennobling." As such, Dadaism MOST contrasts with which of the following artitistc genres of the past?

The Baroque

The graph above of the voting (by party) in the German elections from 1928 to 1932 shows which of the following?

The Depression saw an increase in the percentage of votes for Communist and Nazi parties.

Which of the following provisions of the Versailles treaty most hindered the political stability of post-World War I Germany?

The German reparations and war guilt clause

Based on this passagem which of the following can be inferred about the results of the Great Depression?

The Great depression led to an acceptance of radical policies such as the Nazi Party in Germany

Which of the following statements best explains the reason for the British attitude toward fascist aggression as reflected in the excerpt above?

The belief that World War I was the last world war

Advances in military technology during World War II also led to which of the following?

The development of nuclear weapons

he poster is most clearly evidence for which of the following trends in the period it was printed?

The exploitation of economic suffering to promote radical politics

Which of the following accurately explains why the Cold War heightened the sense of anxiety in European culture?

The nuclear arms race between the United States and the Soviet Union brought about fears of a catastrophic conflict.

The economic conditions portrayed in the poster are most directly a result of which of the following?

The onset of the Great Depression

The perspective of the artist regarding the Treaty of Versailles is best explained by which of the following developments at the time the poster was created?

The onset of the Great Depression undermined the already unstable economy of the Weimar Republic, which was required to pay reparations to the Allies

In the passage, Milosz is reacting most directly to which of the following aspects of life in communist Eastern Europe?

The oppressive political system and pervasive internal surveillance

In the years immediately following the production of Jansen's etching (Image 2), the conditions of workers in Germany's Weimar Republic were further exacerbated by which of the following?

The political and economic disruption caused by Germany's reparation payments

Marshall's linkage of economic stability and peace best reflects which of the following?

The recognition that the Great Depression's effects had empowered the rise of Nazi Germany

The battle described in the passage was significant in that it was part of which of the following developments of the First World War?

The stalemate that resulted from trench warfare on the Western Front

Which of the following resulted from the discontentment expressed by the authors of the above inscriptions

The student revoked 1968

Which of the following best explains how the spread of racialist beliefs such as Social Darwinism contributed to outbreaks of genocide in twentieth-century Europe?

These belief systems portrayed the relationship among nations as a struggle for existence.

What does Marcel Duchamps Fountain MOST reveal about the disposition of the artist and his fellow Dadaists during WWI?

They were deeply skeptical about art's ability to convey truth or beauty.

Which of the following would help explain the discontent felt by the authors of the above excerpts?

They were disgusted with bourgeois materialism and decadence.

Which of the following would best reflect the goal of this russian poster?

To gain support for the Marxist-Leninist critique of capitalism

Based on this excerpt, which of the following does the author infer about Thatcher's relationship with the unions?

Unions were unhappy with Thatcher as prime minister because they saw a decline in their own power

Which of the following countries had U.S. ground troops stationed on its soil?

West Germany

Which of the following accurately explains the ideological divide between Eastern and Western Europe during the Cold War?

Western European governments favored capitalism and liberal democracy, while Eastern European governments favored central economic planning under authoritarian government.

All of the following were long-term trends that emerged in response to the patterns depicted in the table except

Women gained equal pay with men in the workplace in most European countries

The patterns as depicted in the table are best explained by which of the following?

Women's involvement in war mobilization

Which of the following statements regarding the Treaty of Versailles would most support Mazower's argument that there were no other alternatives?

Woodrow Wilson's ideals clashed with the postwar realities of both the victorious powers and the defeated states, thus making an effective peace improbable

Marshall's claim that his aid plan is not aimed at any country or doctrine is best explained in the context of

rising hostilities with the Soviet Union at the start of the Cold War