AP Euro Unit 2 Review
#32 The publication of this work, Leviathan by Thomas Hobbes, in 1651 reflected which of the following trends of the mid-seventeenth century?
Application of a scientific and materialistic, rather than spiritualistic, understanding of life https://docs.google.com/document/d/1FtnQjDDJhtqjqAohzr4pMe3xQgmIN4hI5lEhSMrkivo/edit
#12 This massacre resulted from tensions between the _______ French monarchy and the _______ French nobility.
Catholic; Calvinist
#5 Oneiromancy (witchcraft) may be practiced in two ways. The first is when a person uses dreams so that he may dip into the occult with the help of the revelation of devils with whom he has entered into an open pact. The second is when a man uses dreams for knowing the future. Witches, when they do not wish to be bodily transferred, but desire to see what their fellow-witches are doing, it is their practice to lie down and these things are revealed to in images. And if they seek to know some secret, they learn it in dreams from the devil, by reason of an open pact entered into with him. —Dominicans Heinrich Kramer & Jacob Sprenger, Excerpt from Malleus Maleficarum (1486) Which of the following, along with the church, also regulated public morals?
City governments
#25 And thereupon the said lords spiritual and temporal and Commons, pursuant to their respective letters and elections, being now assembled in a full and free representation of this nation, taking into the most serious consideration the best means for attaining the ends aforesaid, do in the first place (as their ancestors in like case have usually done), for the vindication and assertion of their ancient rights and liberties, declare: That the pretended power of suspending laws, or the execution of laws, by regal authority, without consent of parliament is illegal. That the pretended power of dispensing with the laws, or the execution of law by regal authority, as it hath been assumed and exercised of late, is illegal. That the commission for erecting the late court of commissioners for ecclesiastical causes, and all other commissions and courts of like nature, are illegal and pernicious. That levying money for or to use of the crown by pretense of prerogative, without grant of parliament, for longer time or in other manner than the same is or shall be granted, is illegal. That it is the right of the subjects to petition the king, and all commitments and prosecutions for such petitioning are illegal. That the raising or keeping of a standing army within the kingdom in time of peace, unless it be with consent of parliament, is illegal. That the subjects which are Protestants may have arms for their defense suitable to their conditions, and as allowed by law. That election of members of parliament ought to be free. That the freedom of speech, and debates or proceedings in parliament, ought not to be impeached or questioned in any court or place out of parliament. That excessive bail ought not to be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishment inflicted... And that for redress of all grievance and for the amending, strengthening, and preserving of the laws, parliament ought to be held frequently. And they do claim, demand, and insist upon all and singular the premises, as their undoubted rights and liberties... —The English Bill of Rights, 1689 Although often seen as a political document, the Bill of Rights was produced by religious factors as well. Which statement most accurately addresses the religious aspects of this development?
England had long been troubled by open warfare between Protestants and Catholics.
#2 The above maps represent what important development in history?
English Civil War https://docs.google.com/document/d/1FtnQjDDJhtqjqAohzr4pMe3xQgmIN4hI5lEhSMrkivo/edit
#33 The image is best represented by which statement?
Government is a consequence of the desire by men for security in an insecure world. https://docs.google.com/document/d/1FtnQjDDJhtqjqAohzr4pMe3xQgmIN4hI5lEhSMrkivo/edit
#49 Which of the following dynasties is correctly identified with the region it ruled?
Hohenzollern dynasty in Prussia
#39 King Louis XIV made life difficult for ________.
Huguenots
#22 How did the location of the palace reflect the concerns of the French monarchy?
Its location was sufficiently distant from Paris to offer security from Parisian mobs who threatened Louis XIV during the Fronde. https://docs.google.com/document/d/1FtnQjDDJhtqjqAohzr4pMe3xQgmIN4hI5lEhSMrkivo/edit
#17 Which protestant leader had the most direct effect on France leading to this event?
John Calvin https://docs.google.com/document/d/1FtnQjDDJhtqjqAohzr4pMe3xQgmIN4hI5lEhSMrkivo/edit
#15 Which of the following would be against the development of ideas that went against traditional teaching?
Ptolemy https://docs.google.com/document/d/1FtnQjDDJhtqjqAohzr4pMe3xQgmIN4hI5lEhSMrkivo/edit
#30 How does this image correctly represent the status of Russia in the early eighteenth century?
Russia was beginning to adopt the customs and practices of western Europe. https://docs.google.com/document/d/1FtnQjDDJhtqjqAohzr4pMe3xQgmIN4hI5lEhSMrkivo/edit
#31 In what way was the Great Northern War (1700-1721) between Russia and Sweden a product of the image and the forces behind its publication?
Sweden was an obstacle to Peter the Great's ambition to gain ice-free ports in the Baltic Sea. https://docs.google.com/document/d/1FtnQjDDJhtqjqAohzr4pMe3xQgmIN4hI5lEhSMrkivo/edit
#44 Which of the following is true of the Netherlands?
Toleration marked the Dutch religious life where peoples of differing religious faiths lived together peacefully.
UNIT TWO
UNIT TWO
#47 Under Oliver Cromwell, England was officially ________.
a Puritan republic
#42 St. Petersburg ________.
exemplified Russia's new orientation to the West
#50 According to Pascal's famous wager, ________.
it is best to believe God exists and stake everything to gain the lot; if God should prove not to exist, comparatively little will have been lost
#14 Which of the following would be most likely to use the map above to support their political goals?
monarchs who supported the Council of Trent https://docs.google.com/document/d/1FtnQjDDJhtqjqAohzr4pMe3xQgmIN4hI5lEhSMrkivo/edit
#11 These two men were best known for their contributions to the
scientific method https://docs.google.com/document/d/1FtnQjDDJhtqjqAohzr4pMe3xQgmIN4hI5lEhSMrkivo/edit
#4 Oneiromancy (witchcraft) may be practiced in two ways. The first is when a person uses dreams so that he may dip into the occult with the help of the revelation of devils with whom he has entered into an open pact. The second is when a man uses dreams for knowing the future. Witches, when they do not wish to be bodily transferred, but desire to see what their fellow-witches are doing, it is their practice to lie down and these things are revealed to in images. And if they seek to know some secret, they learn it in dreams from the devil, by reason of an open pact entered into with him. —Dominicans Heinrich Kramer & Jacob Sprenger, Excerpt from Malleus Maleficarum (1486) The passage above, when applied to the late 16th and early 17th centuries, represents a continued reflection of?
social and economic upheaval in Europe
#37 Who were the supporters of Charles I and Parliament in the English Civil War?
the Cavaliers and the Roundheads respectively
#3 Which of the following most likely resulted from this conflict?
the development of constitutional government in England https://docs.google.com/document/d/1FtnQjDDJhtqjqAohzr4pMe3xQgmIN4hI5lEhSMrkivo/edit
#16 Which of the following might have resulted from work done by those who refused to accept tradition?
the heliocentric view of the cosmos
#38 After Cromwell's death, the English were soon ready to restore ________.
the monarchy and the Anglican Church
#27 Which generalization is supported by the data in the map?
Areas with Protestant majorities had greater numbers of trials than areas with Catholic majorities. https://docs.google.com/document/d/1FtnQjDDJhtqjqAohzr4pMe3xQgmIN4hI5lEhSMrkivo/edit
#20 It appears from all this that the person of the king is sacred, and that to attack him in any way is sacrilege. God has the kings anointed by his prophets with the holy unction in like manner as he has bishops and altars anointed. But even without the external application in thus being anointed, they are by their very office the representatives of the divine majesty deputed by Providence for the execution of his purposes. Accordingly God calls Cyrus his anointed. "Thus saith the Lord to his anointed, to Cyrus, whose right hand I have holden, to subdue nations before him." Kings should be guarded as holy things, and whosoever neglects to protect them is worthy of death... There is something religious in the respect accorded to a prince. The service of God and the respect for kings are bound together. St. Peter unites these two duties when he says, "Fear God. Honour the king..." —Jacques-Benigne Bossuet, 1678 What philosophy of government is advocated in the passage?
Divine Right Monarchy
#10 We ordain that the Catholic religion shall be restored in all places and districts of our kingdom, so that it can be freely practiced there, without any disturbance or hindrance. We forbid all to disturb or cause annoyance to clerics in their celebrations, the receipt of tithes, and other rights and duties which belong to them...We also forbid those of the so-called Reformed religion to hold prayer meetings in the houses and dwellings of the above-said clerics... In order not to leave any cause for disputes between our subjects, we permit those of the so-called Reformed religion to dwell in the towns and districts of our kingdom, without being molested or constrained to do anything against their conscience. —The Edict of Nantes, 1598 Which of the following would be most likely to agree with the views represented in the document?
Elizabeth I
#19 Based on your knowledge and the map above, which of the following statements is true?
European states exploiting religious conflicts to promote their own political and economic interests contributed to the losses shown. https://docs.google.com/document/d/1FtnQjDDJhtqjqAohzr4pMe3xQgmIN4hI5lEhSMrkivo/edit
#46 What policies did Sir Robert Walpole promote as chief minister in England?
He maintained peace abroad and promoted religious and political liberty at home.
#21 It appears from all this that the person of the king is sacred, and that to attack him in any way is sacrilege. God has the kings anointed by his prophets with the holy unction in like manner as he has bishops and altars anointed. But even without the external application in thus being anointed, they are by their very office the representatives of the divine majesty deputed by Providence for the execution of his purposes. Accordingly God calls Cyrus his anointed. "Thus saith the Lord to his anointed, to Cyrus, whose right hand I have holden, to subdue nations before him." Kings should be guarded as holy things, and whosoever neglects to protect them is worthy of death... There is something religious in the respect accorded to a prince. The service of God and the respect for kings are bound together. St. Peter unites these two duties when he says, "Fear God. Honour the king..." —Jacques-Benigne Bossuet, 1678 Which of the following would have been the most vigorous opponent of a philosophy like Bossuet's?
John Locke
#23 Other than a royal residence, what other function did the palace serve?
Leading nobles of France were required to reside there.
#29 Which statement best explains the disparity between the data for England and for Scotland?
Radical Calvinism took root in Scotland while the more conservative Anglicanism was dominant in England. (same map as 27 and 28)
#51 Based upon your knowledge of the text, which of the following is the most plausible cause of the witch hunts?
Religious divisions and warfare threatened the security of society, and the witches were the scapegoats of a social panic.
#40 John Locke argues against absolute monarchy in his ________.
Second Treatise of Civil Government
#6 Whereas Charles Stuart is hereby declared to be justly condemned, and put to death, it is enacted, ordained, and declared, by this Parliament that all the people of England and Ireland are discharged of all fealty, homage, and allegiance...And whereas it hath been found by experience that the office of a king in this nation and Ireland is unnecessary, burdensome, and dangerous to the liberty, safety, and public interest of the people; be it therefore enacted and ordained by this present Parliament that the office of a king in this nation shall not be exercised by any one single person; and that no one person shall have or hold the office, power, or authority of king... —Cromwell Abolishes the English Monarchy (1651) The passage above represents the culmination of which of the following events?
The English Civil War
#28Which of the following offers the most plausible explanation for the relative lack of prosecution in Russia?
The failure of Protestantism to spread east reduced potential religious tensions often related to witchcraft accusations. (same map used for this question as the last question)
#26 How does the painting reflect the place and time in which it was produced?
The work represents the "Golden Age" of the United Netherlands and the emerging Scientific Revolution. https://docs.google.com/document/d/1FtnQjDDJhtqjqAohzr4pMe3xQgmIN4hI5lEhSMrkivo/edit
#36 What did Mary I of England, Philip II of Spain, and Oliver Cromwell all have in common?
They all sacrificed their political goals by refusing to compromise on religion.
#9 We ordain that the Catholic religion shall be restored in all places and districts of our kingdom, so that it can be freely practiced there, without any disturbance or hindrance. We forbid all to disturb or cause annoyance to clerics in their celebrations, the receipt of tithes, and other rights and duties which belong to them...We also forbid those of the so-called Reformed religion to hold prayer meetings in the houses and dwellings of the above-said clerics... In order not to leave any cause for disputes between our subjects, we permit those of the so-called Reformed religion to dwell in the towns and districts of our kingdom, without being molested or constrained to do anything against their conscience. —The Edict of Nantes, 1598 Based on the passage above and your knowledge, which of the following is the most correct statement?
This was a rare occurrence that could only happen in countries where politiques gained power.
#43 Peter the Great's inspiration for rebuilding his court in St. Petersburg was ________.
Versailles
#48 Which of the following events completed the Glorious Revolution?
William and Mary were proclaimed English monarchs.
#7 We ordain that the Catholic religion shall be restored in all places and districts of our kingdom, so that it can be freely practiced there, without any disturbance or hindrance. We forbid all to disturb or cause annoyance to clerics in their celebrations, the receipt of tithes, and other rights and duties which belong to them...We also forbid those of the so-called Reformed religion to hold prayer meetings in the houses and dwellings of the above-said clerics... In order not to leave any cause for disputes between our subjects, we permit those of the so-called Reformed religion to dwell in the towns and districts of our kingdom, without being molested or constrained to do anything against their conscience. —The Edict of Nantes, 1598 The passage above represents
allowing religious pluralism in order to maintain peace.
#8 We ordain that the Catholic religion shall be restored in all places and districts of our kingdom, so that it can be freely practiced there, without any disturbance or hindrance. We forbid all to disturb or cause annoyance to clerics in their celebrations, the receipt of tithes, and other rights and duties which belong to them...We also forbid those of the so-called Reformed religion to hold prayer meetings in the houses and dwellings of the above-said clerics... In order not to leave any cause for disputes between our subjects, we permit those of the so-called Reformed religion to dwell in the towns and districts of our kingdom, without being molested or constrained to do anything against their conscience. —The Edict of Nantes, 1598 Based on the passage above and your knowledge, which of the following is the most correct statement?
allowing religious pluralism in order to maintain peace.
#41 Under the rule of Peter the Great, Russia's boyars ________.
lost much of their power
#45 What were the two dominant models of European political development in the early modern period?
parliamentary monarchy and political absolutism
#35 The Thirty Years' War began as a(n) ________.
revolt of Bohemian Protestant nobility against an unpopular kin
#52 The Berlin Academy of Science denied Maria Winkelmann's application to continue her husband's study because ________.
she was a woman
#24 And thereupon the said lords spiritual and temporal and Commons, pursuant to their respective letters and elections, being now assembled in a full and free representation of this nation, taking into the most serious consideration the best means for attaining the ends aforesaid, do in the first place (as their ancestors in like case have usually done), for the vindication and assertion of their ancient rights and liberties, declare: That the pretended power of suspending laws, or the execution of laws, by regal authority, without consent of parliament is illegal. That the pretended power of dispensing with the laws, or the execution of law by regal authority, as it hath been assumed and exercised of late, is illegal. That the commission for erecting the late court of commissioners for ecclesiastical causes, and all other commissions and courts of like nature, are illegal and pernicious. That levying money for or to use of the crown by pretense of prerogative, without grant of parliament, for longer time or in other manner than the same is or shall be granted, is illegal. That it is the right of the subjects to petition the king, and all commitments and prosecutions for such petitioning are illegal. That the raising or keeping of a standing army within the kingdom in time of peace, unless it be with consent of parliament, is illegal. That the subjects which are Protestants may have arms for their defense suitable to their conditions, and as allowed by law. That election of members of parliament ought to be free. That the freedom of speech, and debates or proceedings in parliament, ought not to be impeached or questioned in any court or place out of parliament. That excessive bail ought not to be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishment inflicted... And that for redress of all grievance and for the amending, strengthening, and preserving of the laws, parliament ought to be held frequently. And they do claim, demand, and insist upon all and singular the premises, as their undoubted rights and liberties... —The English Bill of Rights, 1689 In what other seventeenth century European state existed a similar limitation on royal power?
the United Netherlands
#13 Based on the map above and your knowledge, which of the following best reflects the result of what is shown on the map?
the failure by Habsburg rulers to restore Catholic unity https://docs.google.com/document/d/1FtnQjDDJhtqjqAohzr4pMe3xQgmIN4hI5lEhSMrkivo/edit
#18 The losses reflected on the map above refer to
the loss of German population during that time. https://docs.google.com/document/d/1FtnQjDDJhtqjqAohzr4pMe3xQgmIN4hI5lEhSMrkivo/edit
#34 The Peace of Augsburg recognized that ________.
the ruler of a land would determine the religion of the land
