AP Gov Ch 7

NARROWCASTING

As opposed to the traditional "broadcasting," the appeal to a narrow, particular audience by channels such as ESPN, MTV, and C-SPAN, which focus on a narrow particular interest.

Which of the following is a consequence of the rise of television broadcasting?

Candidates are more capable of running for office on their own by appealing to people directly through TV.

The cozy relationship between politicians and the press in the twentieth century lasted until when?

Vietnam war and watergate

The major TV networks rarely show head-on shots of politicians talking for very long because

"talking head" shots are uninteresting

Which of the following is a consequence of the rise of narrowcasting?

Young adults are less likely than other age groups to use newspapers and broadcast media as news and information sources

HIGH TECH POLITICS

A politics in which the behavior of citizens and policymakers and the political agenda itself are increasingly shaped by technology

TALKING HEAD

A shot of a person's face talking directly to the camera. Because this is visually unappealing, the major commercial networks rarely show a politician talking one-on-one for very long.

Which of the following is an accurate statement about private control of the media in the United States?

A study of a set of major newspapers found that the total number of foreign news stories in U.S. newspapers doubled between 1985 and 2010.

Iyengar and Kinder's research found that TV news ..

alters the priorities Americans attach to problems

Small sample groups of people who are asked questions about candidates and issues in a discussion setting are called...

focus groups

The media act as a(n) ________ between the people and policymakers.

key linkage institution

Paradoxically, as technology has enabled the media to pass along information with greater speed, news coverage has become ..

less thorough

Negative advertising seems to be directly related to...

low voter turnout

PRESS CONFERENCE

meetings of public officials with reporters

. In general, journalists are usually...

more liberal than the general population.

The increased number of news and infotainment options has resulted in media outlets becoming narrowly focused, providing specific material to specific consumers. This is known as what?

narrowcasting

Investigative journalism may contribute to public cynicism and negativity about politics by pitting which two groups against one another?

reporters and political leaders

The primary interest of publicly owned media is ____; the primary interest of privately owned media is______.

serving the public interest; making a profit

With politicians relying on journalists to get out their message, and journalists relying on politicians to keep them in the know, their relationship can best be defined as which of these?

symbiotic

Epstein's News From Nowhere suggests which of the following about newsworthiness?

TV networks define news as what is entertaining to average viewers.

ELECTRONIC MEDIA

Television, radio, and the Internet, as compared with print media.

POLICY AGENDA

The issues that attract the serious attention of public officials and other people actually involved in politics at any given point in time.

SELECTIVE EXPOSURE

The process through which people consciously choose to get the news from info sources that have viewpoints compatible with their own

INVESTIGATIVE JOURNALISM

The use of in depth reporting to unearth scandals, scams and schemes which at times puts the reporters in adversarial relationships with political leaders

An example of a newsweekly is .

Time

. The chapter introduction compares the television coverage of Ronald Reagan and Barack Obama addressing Congress on economic recovery at specific points in their presidencies, respectively, and draws what major conclusion?

Today, presidents rarely achieve large television audiences.

MASS MEDIA

Tv, radio, newspapers,magazines, the internet and other means of popular communications

BEATS

- specific locations from which news frequently emanates, like Congress or White House

How has news coverage changed since Kennedy's presidency in 1960?

Coverage of presidential candidates has become less and less favorable.

MEDIA EVENTS

Events that are purposely staged for the media and that are significant just because the media are there.

CHAINS

Groups of newspapers published by media conglomerates and today accounting for over four-fifths of the nation's daily newspaper circulation.

PRINT MEDIA

Newspapers and magazines, as compared with electronic media.

POLICY ENTREPRENEURS

People who invest their political "capital" in an issue. According to John Kingdon, a policy entrepreneur "could be in or out of government, in elected or appointed positions, in interest groups or research organizations."

Political activists who employ media strategies to get their ideas placed high on the governmental agenda are also called ...

Policy Entrepreneurs

SOUND BITES

Short video clips of approximately 15 seconds; typically all that is shown from a politician's speech or activities on the nightly television news.

Differences in press coverage between President Reagan and President Obama show .

a diminishing audience for national news and presidential messages

The "minimal effects hypothesis" suggests that the media have which of the following?

a marginal effect on public opinion

What is an event called that is purposely staged for the media and that is significant just because the media are there?

a media event

. Increasing public attention to specific problems is a core feature of the media's ________ power.

agenda-setting

TRIAL BALLOONS

an intentional news leak for the purpose of assessing the political reaction

American journalists have long been free to criticize government leaders and policies because of ...

both First Amendment protections and private ownership of media

Journalists believe it is most important for the media to ________ and least important for the media to ...

investigate claims made by government; provide entertainment

The use of in-depth reporting to unearth scandals, scams, and schemes, at times putting reporters in adversarial relationships with political leaders, is referred to as ________ journalism

investigative

When individuals choose not to watch messages that do not conform to their own biases, they are said to be practicing selective...

perception

The issues that attract serious attention from public officials and other people actively involved in politics at the time are collectively referred to as the ________ agenda.

policy

According to John Kingdon, "the list of subjects or problems to which government officials, and people outside of government closely associated with those officials, are paying some serious attention at any given time" is known as what?

policy agenda

People who invest their political capital in an issue are called ...

policy entrepreneurs

Policy entrepreneurs are people who invest what in an issue?

political capital

Research has consistently found that a majority of the public believes press criticism of political leaders

reflects a liberal bias

An intentional news leak for the purpose of assessing the political reaction to that news is called a(n) ...

trial balloon

Public officials often leak ________ to reporters to see what the political reaction will be

trial balloon

When top aides to President Clinton leaked his admission of an "inappropriate relationship" to Richard Berke of the New York Times, prior to Clinton's public admission before the grand jury, this was an example of a ..

trial balloon