AP Gov - Chapter 5 RETAKE Review

Protection of the legal rights of women has been facilitated by the passage of which of the following?

- the Equal Pay Act of 1963 - the Civil Rights Act of 1964 - the Education Amendments Act of 1972

Which of the following are the so-called Civil War Amendments?

13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments

The United States Supreme Court decision in Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka was based on which of the following?

14th Amendment's guarantee of equal protection

Women were guaranteed the right to vote by __________.

19th amendment

The Supreme Court addressed the admissions policy of the University of Michigan Law School in Gutter v. Bollinger (2003). Justice Sandra Day O'Connor wrote for the court, in the context of its individualized inquiry into the possible diversity contributions of all applicants, the Law School's race-conscious admissions program does not unduly harm nonminority applicants." The primary issue of controversy in the Grutter v. Bollinger decision involves

Affirmative action

What is the status of affirmative action in college admissions after the Supreme Court decisions in the two cases involving the University of Michigan, Gratz v. Bollinge and Grutter v. Bollinger (2003)?

Affirmative action policies are generally permissible, but they cannot involve based quotas or numerical point systems.

The ______________ Act prohibits discrimination against disabled people in private employment, government programs, public accommodations, and telecommunications.

Americans with Disabilities

To what extent were the civil rights of African Americans protected during the decades following Reconstruction?

Attempts to protect the civil rights of African Americans after Reconstruction were largely unsuccessful for decades.

Which of the following is a similarity between the views expressed in the excerpt above and Dr. MLK Jr.'s "Letter from Birmingham Jail?"

Both Cesar Chavez and Dr. MLK Jr. argued for the continued use of nonviolence to further their causes

A school district in Seattle used the race of students as a tie-breaking factor to determine which students would be admitted to the more popular schools in an attempt to maintain racial diversity. In the case Parents Involved in Community Schools v. Seattle School District No. 1 (2007), the Supreme Court ruled this plan unconstitutional under the Fourteenth Amendment. Which of the following statements offers the most accurate comparison between this case and the decision in Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka (1954)?

Both cases ruled against the school district based on the equal protection clause.

In the case Guey Heung Lee v. Johnson (1971), the parents of Chinese American students who attended a primarily Asian American school challenged San Francisco's effort to desegregate the public schools, arguing that their culture and language would be diluted if their children were dispersed from their local school. The Supreme Court denied the challenge from the parents basing their decision on the Fourteenth Amendment. Which of the following cases was most likely used in the decision as a precedent?

Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka (1954)

To enforce the Fourteenth Amendment more clearly, Congress passed the

Civil Rights Act of 1964

Established by the Civil Rights Act of 1964, the agency responsible for monitoring affirmative action programs in private employment is the _______________.

Equal Employment Opportunity Commission

The first piece of legislation requiring employers to give men and women equal pay for equal work was ________.

Equal Pay Act of 1963

JFK Passage: The issues identified in the passage reflect a failure to uphold which of the following constitutional principles?

Equal protection

Which of the following is true of the Voting Rights Act of 1965?

It has been a major instrument for increasing the number of African American and other minority voters

Which of the following is an accurate statement about the "Don't Ask, Don't Tell" policy?

It required gay and lesbian soldiers to keep quiet about their sexual orientation.

What did the Supreme Court decide in Korematsu v. U.S. (1944) regarding the internmer of American citizens of Japanese ancestry living in the United States?

It was permissible because US was at war w/ Japan.

Which of the following scenarios best explains the inclusion of Title IX as part of the Education Amendments of 1972?

Members of Congress added the amendment to the bill in response to social movements seeking to address inequality in education for women.

Which of the following implemented the separate-but-equal doctrine?

Plessy v. Ferguson

What was the Supreme Court's justification for overturning the separate-but-equal doctrine?

Segregated schools stigmatize minority children.

Which of the following was an argument used by the Supreme Court in upholding federal statutes owlawas segregation in public accommodations?

Such segregation affected interstate commerce, and congress therefore had the authority to outlaw it

What was the immediate response of the South to the Supreme Court's decision in Brown v. Board of Education?

The South avoided implementing the Court's decision.

Elizabeth Cady Stanton: Which of the following best captures a portion of the author's argument?

The govt has made women subservient by denying them the right to vote.

In 1944, the Supreme Court declared race a suspect classification that demanded strict Judicial scrutiny. How did this rule affect Korematsu v. U.S., which challenged the internment of Japanese Americans during World War II?

The internments were ruled permissible because of the threat these nationals posed during wartime.

Number of African American Southern State Legislators: Which of the following statements presents the most important limitation of the data in the graph?

There is no info about the total number of state legislators

Which of the following is most likely responsible for the increase in the number of southern African American state legislators between 1960 and 1992 as shown in the graph?

Voting Rights Act of 1965

Which of the following situations would most likely be a violation of Title IX?

a college that provides significantly more sports scholarships for men than for women

Policies meant to overcome past discrimination are called _______________ policies

affirmative action

The Supreme Court refused to permit federal judges to order school busing to overcome the effects of _________________.

de facto segregation

The use of race in law or government regulations to discriminate is known as ________.

de jure discrimination

Hispanics won a major victory in 1954 when the Supreme Court ruling in Hernandez v. Texas struck down _________________.

discrimination based on ethnicity and race

Which of these does the Civil Rights Act of 1964 ban?

discrimination in public accommodations

In Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka (1954), the Supreme Court stated that the plaintiffs "seek the aid of the courts in obtaining admission to the public schools of their community on a non-segregated basis. In each instance, they had been denied admission to schools attended by white children under laws requiring or permitting segregation according to race." The Supreme Court ruled "separate educational facilities are inherently unequal."

equal protection clause of 14th Amendment

The Nineteenth Amendment to the Constitution, the Equal Rights Amendment, and Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 were all directed toward the goal of

equality for women

The Supreme Court's decision in Lawrence v. Texas (2003) primarily enhanced the civil rights of _____________.

gays and lesbians

Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka (1954) was a significant Supreme Court ruling because it

held the "separate but equal" concept to be a violation of the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment

Initially, the strategy for the National Association Ior the Advancement of Colored (NAACP) focused on _____________.

legal actions to achieve more equality in relation to the separate-but-equal doctrine

Sit-ins and boycotts are examples of _____________ used by Reverend Martin Luther King Jr. to protest laws he considered unjust and deserving of national attention.

nonviolent protest

The Reverend Martin Luther King Jr. insisted that civil disobedience aimed at ending discrimination in the South should be conducted __________.

nonviolently

The Fifteenth Amendment guarantees citizens the right to vote regardless of ___________.

race

Under the Supreme Court's review standards, a law that classifies people according to __________ will be given strict scrutiny by the Supreme Court to determine its constitutionality.

race

What did the Supreme Court determine was unconstitutional in Brown v. Board of Education?

school segregation

________ became the social instrument by which blacks in the South were restricted and "kept in their place" through the use of Jim Crow laws.

segregation

According to the Supreme Court, classifications based on race are to be subject to

strict scrutiny

If a college's admission policy to reserve twenty seats in its incoming class for applicants belonging to racial minority groups is challenged in the courts, a judge is likely to

strike down the policy because reserving seats amounts to a quota system

What was the objective of the women's suffrage movement?

the right to vote

Civil rights activists, such as those who campaign for gay and lesbian equal rights and those who advocated for racial equality in the 1950s and 1960s, often find the most effective way to secure those rights is

through mass demonstrations to raise awareness of their cause

De facto discrimination is __________.

unequal treatment by private individuals, groups, and organizations

The passing of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 is a significant political event because it

was instrumental in increasing the number of African American and other minority voters