AP GOV DRILLS

What elastic clause has become a significant source of presidential power?

"Take care that the laws be faithfully executed."

THE CARTOON IS CALLED RUBIKS CONGRESS. IT IS A RUBIKS CUBE WITH LETTERS ON THE DIFFERENT SQUARES AND IT IS BEING ROTATED. What is the artist's message in the cartoon? What does this cartoon show us about Congress in general and the legislative process in particular? How might the current immigrants on our southern border impact Congress' action a bill?

-Congress is very complicated and has a lot of moving parts and taking action on a bill takes a while and a lot of thought -it shows us that congress is a puzzle and you might need to mark up certain things in order to appease those that oppose it at first and then get it passed -some bills might need to take the immigrants into consideration and the immigration might slow down some action on bills because some congressmen think that immigration is more important

THE CARTOON IS ABOUT HOW A BILL BECOMES A LAW What is the artist's message in the cartoon? What does this say about the role of the president in the legislative process?

-the Congress works very hard to get a bill passed, but with one vote, the president can kill it -He has a lot of power and authority and can end something with one vote

Congress's authority to levy an income tax comes from what?

16th amendment

What is the difference between a majority decision and a plurality decision?

A majority decision has one decision and they write one decision or opinion of the court with maybe one dissenting opinion. A plurality decision has many decisions with dissenting decisions that are for different reasons.

The Supreme Court ruled in the Bakke case that a. explicit numerical quotas are illegal. b. busing is a legitimate tool to achieve racial balance. c. race should be taken into account when quotas are used. d. affirmative action programs are unlawful.

A. Explicit numerical quotas are illegal

In Worcester v. Georgia (1832), the United States Supreme Court ruled that a Georgia law violated the U.S. Constitution. In response to Chief Justice John Marshall's majority opinion, President Andrew Jackson said, "John Marshall has made his decision, now let him enforce it." Which of the following ideas regarding government does President Jackson's statement exhibit? a. Since the Supreme Court has no enforcement mechanism, the executive and legislative branches can restrict decisions. b. When the Supreme Court takes an activist approach to decision making, it can influence policy. c. Constitutional amendments have granted the Supreme Court greater power to enforce its decisions. d. Unpopular Supreme Court Justices can be removed by a two-thirds vote in Congress and a presidential signature.

A. Since the Supreme Court has no enforcement mechanism, the executive and legislative branches can restrict decisions.

"It is now clear that the challenged laws burden the liberty of same-sex couples, and it must be further acknowledged that they abridge central precepts of equality. Here the marriage laws enforced by the respondents are in essence unequal: same-sex couples are denied all the benefits afforded to opposite-sex couples and are barred from exercising a fundamental right. Especially against a long history of disapproval of their relationships, this denial to same-sex couples of the right to marry works a grave and continuing harm. The imposition of the disability on gays and lesbians serves to disrespect and subordinate them. -Justice Anthony Kennedy, Majority Opinion in Obergefell v. Hodges (2015) Which of the following constitutional provisions would the author cite to support the opinion? a. The equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment b. The establishment clause of the First Amendment c. The reserved powers clause of the Tenth Amendment d. The due process clause of the Fifth Amendment

A. The equal protection clause of the 14th Amendment

One way that Congress exercises authority over agencies is through a. the statutes that create and define them. b. control of the Office of Personnel Management (OPM) hiring practices. c. the use of discharge petitions. d. dismissal of an agency head.

A. The statutes that create and define them

CARTOON ABOUT STATUE OF LIBERTY BLIND FOLDED HOLDING A SCALE WITH A MAN IN BETWEEN EACH OF THE SIDES Which of the following best explains why the figure holding the scales of justice is blindfolded? a. To show that justice is turning a blind eye to racial discrimination. b. To show that justice should be colorblind. c. To show that the Court has blinded justice with restrictions. d. To show that the affirmative actions laws are blindsided by the Court

A. To show that justice is turning a blind eye to racial discrimination

What is the best way to decribe the influence of a political party holding a majority in either house of Congress?

All standing committees are chaired by senior members of the majority party

An executive agreement with a foreign head of state is different from a treaty in that a. An executive agreement must be ratified by the Senate b. A treaty must be ratified by the Senate c. An executive agreement is not limited to the president that signed it d. A treaty is among several countries; an executive agreement is between the president and one other head of state

B. A treaty must be ratified by the Senate

If you, as a public figure, are grievously harmed by the written statements of someone who ​cannot ​prove that they are true, you a. can sue the person for libel. b. can collect damages if you demonstrate malice. c. cannot sue the person. d. can collect damages for libel, but not for slander.

B. Can collect damages if you demonstrate malice

The purpose of the exclusionary rule, according to the Supreme Court, is to a. limit illegal immigration. b. control the behavior of the police. c. prevent crime by addressing its root causes d. limit the power of the courts.

B. Control the behavior of the police

The philosophy of the courts where judges play a minimal policymaking role and defer to legislatures whenever possible is known as a. Judicial implementation b. Judicial restraint c. Senatorial courtesy d. Judicial activism

B. Judicial restraint

"The President will be elected to four years and is re-eligible as often as the people of the United States thin him worthy of their confidence. . .we must conclude that the permanency of the President's four-year term is less dangerous than a three-year term for the top official in a single state. The president of the United States can be impeached, tried, and, on conviction of bribery, or other high crimes or misdemeanors, removed from office. Afterwards he would be liable to prosecution and punishment in the ordinary course of law." ​ - Alexander Hamilton, Federalist #69, 1788 Which of the following statements best summarizes the author's argument? a. A president's potential danger is limited because he can serve only a limited number of terms. b. People are protected from a dangerous president by elections every four years and a process the legislature ​can undertake. c. Congress can imprison the president as any other citizen for crimes. d. An impeached president is forcibly removed from office.

B. People are protected from a dangerous president by elections every four years and a process the legislature can undertake

"Segregation of white and colored children in public schools has a detrimental effect upon the colored children. The impact is greater when it has the sanction of the law, for the policy of separating the races is usually interpreted as denoting the inferiority of the negro group. A sense of inferiority affects the motivation of a child to learn. Segregation with the sanction of law, therefore, has a tendency to [retard] the educational and mental development of negro children and to deprive them of some of the benefits they would receive in a racial[ly] integrated school system." Based on the excerpt above, what is the main idea of the Supreme Court holding in the case? a. Separate but equal b. Segregation of schools is unlawful discrimination c. Color is no barrier to a good education d. School attendance is a state legislature issue

B. Segregation of schools is unlawful discrimination

A U.S. district judge in Alabama has a dispute in his court in which an employee is suing her employer over improper termination. The Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals and the U.S. District Court of Kansas have both ruled on highly similar cases under the same law and sided with the employee. Which of the following is the likely action this federal judge will take? a. The judge must rule in the same way because of binding precedent. b. The judge will read the other two courts' opinions and consider them before making a ruling. c. The judge will ask the Justice Department for Guidance. d. The judge will refuse to hear the case because the federal courts have no jurisdiction in this matter.

B. The judge will read the other two courts' opinions and consider them before making a ruling.

What are block and categorical grants?

Block- lead to loss of congressional oversight on spending grant money Categorical- Require states or localities to meet certain criteria

A federal agency has been accused of not enforcing laws it is charged with enforcing. Which is the most likely action the relevant House committee will first take? A. Fire and replace the director of the agency B. Repeal the law that creates and governs the agency C. Call for an oversight hearing to understand the problem D. Increase the federal appropriation for the agency

C. Call for an oversight hearing to understand the problem

The Founders did not include in the U.S. Constitution an explicit statement of state powers but added it later in a. The Second Amendment b. The Seventh Amendment c. The Tenth Amendment d. The Fourteenth Amendment

C. The 10th amendment

The earliest incorporations of portions of the Bill of Rights relied on... a. the notion of the reasonable person. b. a rational basis standard. c. the due process and equal protection clauses d. the notions of ordered liberty and fundamental rights.

C. The due process and equal protection clauses

"We have before us one of the most important duties of the U.S. Senate and of the U.S. Congress, and that is to decide whether or not we will be involved in war. I think it is inexcusable that the debate over whether we involve the country in war, in another country's civil war, that this would be debated as part of a spending bill, and not as part of an independent, free-standing bill. . . . I think it is a sad day for the U.S. Senate. It goes against our history. It goes against the history of the country." ___2. Which power of Congress is Senator Paul probably most concerned about based on this passage? a. Congress's power to tax and spend b. The Senate's power to ratify treaties c. The expressed power to declare war d. The power to regulate interstate commerce

C. The expressed power to declare war

What is a disadvantage of federalism?

Confusion over responsibilities sometimes leads to a lack of public accountability

In a 1947 decision, the Supreme Court allowed a New Jersey town to fund busing to a parochial school because a. no alternative form of transportation existed. b. enrollment at that school was open to all. c. the resulting tax burden on the average citizen was negligible. d. busing was religiously neutral.

D. Busing was religiously neutral

In the political cartoon below, the author is demonstrating what? IT IS ABOUT SUPREME COURT SEATS WITH A DONKEY AND ELEPHANT SYMBOLIZING THE POLITICAL PARTIES A. Congressional obstructionism B. Separation of powers C. Conflict over presidential appointments D. Crisis of open judicial seats

D. Crisis of open judicial seats

You are in your first semester of law school. You are accused of stealing your roommate's ring valued at $5,000. When you are brought before the judge you do not understand what the prosecutor and judge are talking about. You tell the judge that you need a lawyer. The judge tells you that since you are in law school you can represent yourself. In the above scenario, the precedent set in which of the following Supreme Court cases would be applicable? a. Mapp v. Ohio b. Miller v. California c. Terry v. Ohio d. Gideon v. Wainwright

D. Gideon v. Wainwright

Which governmental principle does the right to a jury trial support? a. Sovereignty b. Representative lawmaking c. State rights d. Individual liberties

D. Individual liberties

A dramatic increase in activism by the federal bureaucracy occurred in the 20th century, largely as a consequence of a. The growth of patronage and the rise of political parties b. The 16th Amendment and the Social Security Act c. A desire for limited government and an end to earlier regulatory practices d. The Great Depression of the 1930s and World War II

D. The Great Depression of the 1930s and WWII

"We have before us one of the most important duties of the U.S. Senate and of the U.S. Congress, and that is to decide whether or not we will be involved in war. I think it is inexcusable that the debate over whether we involve the country in war, in another country's civil war, that this would be debated as part of a spending bill, and not as part of an independent, free-standing bill. . . . I think it is a sad day for the U.S. Senate. It goes against our history. It goes against the history of the country." ___1. Which of the following statements best summarizes this excerpt from Senator Paul's speech? a. The United States should not become involved in another country's civil war. b. The president should not have war-making authority except in an emergency. c. The military intervention the United States is considering needs a spending appropriation. d. The U.S. Senate should decide on war-like action on its merits, not along with other legislation.

D. The U.S. Senate should decide on war-like action on its merits, not along with other legislation

CHART IS ABOUT WHERE BUREAUCRATS WORK Which of the following accurately describes the information presented in the pie chart? a. The legislative, judicial, and executive branches employ more bureaucrats than does the Department of Veterans Affairs. b. The number of federal employees working in Washington, D.C., outnumbers those working in the states. c. Congress has allocated more money to the Department of Homeland Security than to the Department of Defense. d. The United States Postal Service has the largest number of employees within the federal bureaucracy.

D. The United States Postal Service has the largest number of employees within the federal bureaucracy

What is an example of an entitlement programs?

Defense contracts

What is an entitlement program?

Government benefits that all citizens meeting eligibility criteria - such as age, income level, or unemployment - are legally "entitled" to receive.

What major legislation is Congress working on?

Immigration, gun control

In 1995, the Supreme Court ruled that desegregation should be?

Implemented "with all deliberate speed"

The 25th amendment is significant because...

It clarifies the terms under which the Vice President May become president if the president becomes disabled

What is the Lemon Test? Give an example?

It is something that helps the courts verify if the government violated the Establishment clause. Van Orden v. Perry- a guy didn't like the 10 Commandments monument on federal grounds but the court ruled that it had historical values and was okay to stay

What is the difference between a joint committee and a conference committee?

Joint- members from House and Senate are on it to talk Conference- only formed the House and Senate pass bills that have differences and this committee works out all of those differences

What was the ruling in marbury v. madison?

Judiciary Act of 1789 contradicted the plain words of the Constitution about the Court's original jurisdiction (Marbury sued Madison under the Judiciary Act of 1789 for refusing to deliver commissions)

The Supreme Court has ______________________ jurisdiction in matters between two states.

Original

What is prior restraint, and in which SCOTUS case was this a key factor in the per curium decision?

Prior restraint is freedom from censorship prior to it being published The SCOTUS case is New York Times. United States

What are the three views Representatives and senators take?

Representational, organizational, attitudinal

What statement about congressional reapportionment and redistributing is true?

States that have no major increase or decrease in population do not draw new district lines every ten years. THIS IS WRONG

Why is there so little in the constitution regarding the judicial branch?

The founding fathers did not anticipate the judicial branch being such an influential part of the government as it is today.

What is gridlock, and is it always bad?

When congress doesn't do anything because there is party polarization; mostly bad because it means that congress isn't doing their job

Rule 22 was adopted by the Senate to provide a method to cut off debate during a filibuster because senators were...

fearful of tying a president's hands during a wartime crisis.

The typical member of Congress is...

middle-aged, white, Protestant lawyer