AP Gov Midterm

1. Grants are broken into these to specify the purpose for funding A: Sectors B: Lobbies C: Categories D: Coalitions

Categories

3. Writing for the court in Regents of the University of California v. Bakke (1978), a case weighing whether or not race can be considered in college admissions, Supreme Court Justice Lewis Powell wrote that " . . . Race or ethnic background may be deemed a µplus' in a particular applicant's file, yet it does not insulate the individual from comparison with all other candidates for the available seats." Which of the following legal concepts is Justice Powell considering in his statement? A: The exclusionary rule B: Selective Incorporation C: Time, place, and manner restrictions D: Equal Protection Clause

Equal Protection Clause

1. These are groups that are like-minded in political interests A: Interest Groups B: Factions C: Lobbys D: Political Action Committees

Factions

1. Which court case established the idea of Judicial Review? A: Plessy v. Ferguson B: Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas C: Ogden v. Gibbons D: Marbury v. Madison

Marbury v. Madison

1. The "Lame Duck" amendment does what? A: Sets up a plan of succession if the president goes down. B: Tells you what day to have an election C: Tells what day the President and Senators/Reps start their terms D: Serves duck at a Chinese restaurant

Tells what day the President and Senators/Reps start their terms

1. Voting procedures, gaming laws, driving regulations, and school system structure are examples of things that are determined by the states thanks to which amendment? A: 9th Amendment B: 6th Amendment C: 10th Amendment D: 5th Amendment

10th Amendment

1. After the Civil War in 1868, this amendment protected all citizens equally under the law, giving it the a clause of the legislation the name "Equal Protection Clause". It is one of the most important amendments we have for equality. A: 18th Amendment B: 19th Amendment C: 22nd Amendment D: 14th Amendment

14th Amendment

1. The __1__ amendment to the Constitution granted suffrage to all men and the __2__ amendment to the Constitution granted suffrage to women

1: 15th 2: 19th

1. When formally amending the Constitution, you must have __1__ proposal at the national level and __2__ ratification at the state level

1: 2/3 2: 3/4

1. The Constitution states that to be member of the House of Representatives, you must be __1__ years old, a US Citizen for a minimum of __2__ years, and a resident of the state you wish to represent

1: 25 2: 7

1. To be a member of the Senate, the Constitution states that you must be __1__ years old, have been a citizen for a minimum of __2__ years and resident of the state you wish to represent.

1: 30 2: 9

3. This amendment was written in 1965, helping to stop discriminatory practices at voting booths by eliminating poll taxes. A: 25th B: 26th C: 23rd D: 24th

24th

1. The line of succession of power if something happens to the president is laid out in the: A: 25th Amendment B: 17th Amendment C: 21st Amendment D: 26th Amendment

25th Amendment

1. The __1__ amendment to the US Constitution gave 18 year olds the right to vote.

26th

1. This amendment took 200 years to ratify and it allows for Congress to increase their salaries. A: 26th B: 25th C: 27th D: 22nd

27th

1. The __1__ to the Constitution states that citizen cannot be forced to quarter troops during peace time.

3rd

1. Article __1__ of the Constitution outlines the Supremacy Clause.

6

1. To ratify a new amendment to the Constitution, % of both houses to pass the legislation, as well as ratification from % of the state legislatures. A: 67%, 67% B: 50%, 67% C: 50%, 75% D: 67%, 75%

67%, 75%

1. This amendment gives the accused the right to have witnesses testify on their behalf in court A: 7th B: 5th C: 6th D: 4th

6th

1. Which of the following is NOT an example of checks and balances? A: The president vetoes a bill from Congress B: The Senate rejects a presidential appointment C: A district court of appeals rules that a lower courts decision is invalid D: The Supreme Court rules a congressional law unconstitutional

A district court of appeals rules that a lower courts decision is invalid

3. Which of the following scenarios would most likely constitute a violation of the Civil Rights Act of 1964? A: A state-imposed requirement that voters pass a literacy test. B: A hotel that refused to rent a room to a person based on their race. C: A university that considers a person's race as one factor in the admission process. D: A state law that requires voters to show ID at polling locations.

A hotel that refused to rent a room to a person based on their race

3. Which of the following policies would most likely be considered a violation of the Second Amendment? A: A law that prohibited the possession of firearms by the mentally ill. B: A law that required background checks before a firearm could be purchased C: A law that prohibited the possession of firearms by anyone other than trained law enforcement officers. D: A law that prohibited the possession of firearms in ಯsensitive placesರsuch as schools/jails

A law that prohibited the possession of firearms by anyone other than trained law enforcement officers

3. Based on previous decisions, which of the following constitutes a constitutionally protected display of free speech? A: An individual threatens a public official with bodily harm. B: A student wears a t-shirt to a public school that bears an inflammatory message, upsetting many students. C: A person makes a public speech to a supportive crowd that contains racial slurs D: A person advocates violence as means to protest an unjust law.

A person makes a public speech to a supportive crowd that contains racial slurs

3. Based on SCOTUS decision in Schenck v. US, which of the following forms of expression may local officials lawfully prohibit? A person who falsely screams "he's got a gun" at a music festival B: A speaker at a demonstration that is highly critical of the US involvement in a war C: A person who gives a speech at a political convention accusing the state governor of corruption D: A person who wears a t-shirt that shows the American flag burning.

A person who falsely scream "he's got a gun" at a music festival

3. Based on SCOTUS rulings, which of the following is likely to be a violation of the Eighth Amendment A: A state law that allows for the indefinite suspension of voting rights for convicted felons B: A state law that allows for the execution of a murderer who committed the crime when he was 15. C: A state law that allows prosecutors to seek a sentence of life without parole for murderers. D: A state law that allows a person to be sentenced to life in prison upon conviction of 3 felonies.

A state law that allows for the execution of a murderer who committed the crime when he was 15

3. Based on prior SCOTUS decisions, which of the following would most likely constitute a violation of the Fourteenth Amendment's Due Process Clause? A: The federal government institutes a policy that discriminates on the basis of sex. B: The federal government permanently bans protests in front of the capitol building C: A state official prohibits political demonstrations of all kinds during the time that the state legislature D: A state-run university has a scholarship program that includes an applicant's race among a host of other characteristics when making award decisions.

A state official prohibits political demonstrations of all kinds during the time that the state legislature

3. Based on prior decisions of the Supreme Court, which of the following situations would more than likely constitute a violation of the 14th Amendment's Equal Protection Clause A: A private club regularly advocates for the return of racial segregation. B: A university uses a quota system to increase the number of minority students. C: A city denies a parade permit to a controversial group. D: A wealthy person denied an attorney paid for by the government.

A university uses a quota system to increase the number of minority students

3. Based upon prior Supreme Court decisions, which of the following scenarios would implicated the 14th Amendment and the right to privacy? A: A woman seeks to have an abortion B: A person seeks to own a firearm C: A person seeks to meet with an attorney D: A reporter who seeks to keep their sources confidential

A woman seeks to have an abortion

3. We live in a very digital world, because of this, the Courts have had to reinterpret the Constitution in which of the following ways? A: Decreasing the scope of the Commerce Clause in an attempt to balance the interests of the national government with the interests of the states in the area of online business. B: Reducing the requirements of the Sixth Amendment fair trial provisions as it balances the interests of prosecutors and defendants in cybercrime cases. C: Changing the meaning of political speech to decrease the impact of large corporations' online ads. D: Adapting the search and seizure rules of the Fourth Amendment in an attempt to balance public safety and rights of the individuals.

Adapting the search and seizure rules of the Fourth Amendment in an attempt to balance public safety and rights of the individuals

3. Laws that work toward promotion of diversity are part of A: Equal Results B: Equal Rights C: Affirmative Action D: Diversity Enhancement

Affirmative Action

1. Which of the following documents represents the first "government" of the United States? A: Declaration of Independence B: Bill of Rights C: Connecticut Compromise D: Articles of Confederation

Articles of Confederation

1. Federalism (a federal system) is defined as: A: Authority given just to the states/local governments B: Authority shared for both states/local and federal governments C: Authority given just to the federal government D: Authority that is to be given directly to the people

Authority shared for both states/local and federal governments

3. This court case that originated in Tennessee answered the political question that district maps could be reviewed in court (they are justiciable). A: Shaw v. Reno B: Brown v. Board C: Johnson v. US D: Baker v. Carr

Baker v. Carr

1. The first ten amendments to the Constitution are more commonly referred to as the __1__?

Bill of Rights

3. Which of the following is accurate comparison of the Brown v. Board of Education decision and Title IX of the Education Amendments Act of 1972? (Choose the answer with both parts correct. Brown first, Title IX second) A: Brown- Emphasized equality between the sexes; IX- Emphasized equal access to education of all races B: Brown- Applies only to elementary schools; IX- Applies only to public schools C: Brown- Required to end racial segregation in education; IX- Required equal funding for programs that serve both men and women D: Brown- Overturned later by SCOTUS action; IX- vetoed by the president

Brown - Required to end racial segregation in education; IX - Required equal funding for programs that serve both men and women

3. De Jure segregation was outlawed thanks to this Supreme Court case A: Plessy v. Ferguson B: Brown v. Board of Education C: Mapp v. Ohio D: Shaw v. Reno

Brown v. Board of Education

1. This paper argued that a strong national government would stifle the states and the rights of the people A: Brutus 1 B: Federalist 10 C: Federalist 51 D: Federalist 70

Brutus 1

3. These are rights granted to you by the government/Constitution A: Civil Rights B: Civil Liberties C: Equal Rights D: Human Rights

Civil Liberties

3. This prohibits discrimination by the government or individuals when protecting their rights A: Civil Liberties B: Civil Equality C: Equal Protection D: Civil Rights

Civil Rights

3. In the Letter from Birmingham Jail, Martin Luther King Jr. advocates which of the following methods of political participation? A: Violent protests B: Campaigns against segregationists C: Civil disobedience D: Voter activism

Civil disobedience

3. Which of the following situations is most likely a violation of the Sixth Amendment? A: Conducting a secret trial of a criminal defendant B: Refusing to pay for an attorney in a minor traffic case C: Requiring a person to testify against him or herself D: Conducting a search warrant without probable cause

Conducting a secret trial of a criminal defendant

1. Under America's first functional government, the Articles of Confederation A: the national government dominated states governments B: the executive branch had more power than the Congress C: Congress was a unicameral body D: states were represented in Congress proportionally according to population

Congress was a unicameral body

1. Which of the following documents created a compromise that led to the formation of a bicameral legislature? A: Articles of Confederation B: New Jersey Plan C: Three-Fifths Compromise D: Connecticut (Great) Compromise

Connecticut (Great) Compromise

3. This type of segregation is state imposed A: De Facto B: De Jure C: Quid pro Quo D: Jon Crow

De Jure

3. This court case had set a precedent that African-Americans would forever be 2nd class citizens before the Civil War, but it was later overturned since the South lost the war and several amendment were passed to help improve minority lives after the war. A: Plessy v. Ferguson B: Brown v. Board of Education C: Dred Scott v. Sandford D: US v. Lincoln

Dred Scott v. Sanford

1. The 5th Amendment gives which of the following protections? A: Fair Trial with a jury, witnesses for both sides, and a lawyer B: Indictment, Jury Trial, Double Jeopardy, Self-Incrimination, Due Process, Eminent Domain C: Eminent Domain, Self-Incrimination, Double Jeopardy, Due Process, Indictment D: Due Process, Search and seizure, Indictment, Double Jeopardy, Witnesses

Eminent Domain, Self-Incrimination, Double Jeopardy, Due Process, Indiciment

3. State-sponsored prayer in public schools was outlawed in Engel v. Vitale. Which clause of the 1st Amendment was used in this case? A: Free Exercise Clause B: Equal Protection Clause C: Establishment Clause D: Supremacy Clause

Establishment Clause

1. This Madison essay argued that factions would need to be controlled for the government to thrive A: Federalist 70 B: Federalist 10 C: Brutus 1 D: Federalist 51

Federalist 10

1. Individuals who supported the new Constitution were referred to as___________ and those who did not support the new Constitution were referred to ______________________. A: States' Righters; Federalists B: Federalists; Philosophes C: Anti-Federalists; States' Righters D: Federalists; Anti-Federalists

Federalists; Anti-Federalists

3. This case enforced one of the rights given in the 6th Amendment A: Engel v. Vitale B: Schenk v. US C: Gideon v. Wainwright D: Shaw v. Reno

Gideon v. Wainwright

3. Which is an example of affirmative action? A: The president submits a report to Congress 48 hours after he deployed troops in an overseas conflict. B: The United States Department of Education offers low-interest college student loans to all financially qualified students. C: Harvard Medical School actively recruits highly qualified minorities and female applicants for its residency program. D: The state of Virginia awards an infrastructure contract to the company with the lowest bid

Harvard Medical School actively recruits highly qualified minorities and females applicants for its residency program

3. This process applies the Bill of Rights and other federal laws to the states. A: Due Process B: Inclusionary C: Incorporation D: Federalism

Incorporation

1. The United States system of representation provides a modern-day example of a. Direct Democracy b. Indirect Democracy c. Democratic Socialism d. Vertical Democracy

Indirect Democracy

3. Which type of test is used when determining if there is gender discrimination? A: Strict Scrutiny B: Intermediate Scrutiny C: Rational Scrutiny D: Irrational Scrutiny

Intermediate Scrutiny

3. In Wisconsin v. Yoder (1972) how did the Supreme Court's decision address state interests and individual rights? A: It ruled that the state had an overarching right to compel students of all ages to attend public school through the twelfth grade. B: It ruled that the state had no justifiable interest to compel students of all ages to attend public school through the twelfth grade. C: It balanced the state's interest in compulsory education with the students' free speech rights. D: It balanced the state's interest in compulsory education with the students' free exercise rights.

It balanced the state's interest in compulsory education with the students' free exercise rights

1. Which explanation best describes why there are only 27 amendments to the United States Constitution? A: Congress and the courts can never agree on the procedural issues related to changing the Constitution B: It is difficult to get 2/3 of Congress to propose and 3/4 of state legislatures to ratify constitutional amendments C: The US Supreme Court has struck down amendments because many have lacked legal standing D: The Framers set up the Constitution to last no more than ten years, making amendments difficult to add

It is difficult to get 2/3 of Congress to propose and 3/4 of state legislatures to ratify constitutional amendments

1. Which of the following represents a major reason why the electoral college was created? A: It would encourage third party candidates B: It would enable a select group of electors to cast the final vote for president and vice president C: It would encourage greater voter turnout D: It would give more power to Congress to determine the outcome of presidential elections

It would enable a select group of electors to cast the final vote for president and vice president

1. Which statement best sums up the Anti-Federalist position on the necessity of adding a Bill of Rights to the Constitution? A: It would protect the rights of citizens from federal government overreach B: It would grant absolute rights to all people who lived in the United States C: It would resolve disputes between small and large states D: It would establish principles of civil rights and liberties that would lead to the abolition of slavery

It would protect the rights of citizens from federal government overreach

1. Which of the following was the primary author of the Constitution? A: Thomas Jefferson B: John Locke C: James Madison D: Alexander Hamilton

James Madison

1. What branch of government was detailed in Article III of the Constitution? A: Judicial B: Legislative C: Bureaucracy D: Executive

Judicial

3. Based upon prior decisions of SCOTUS, whichof the following actions by a public school employee would be permitted? A: Leading a class discussion on the role of religion in society as part of a world history class. B: Selecting students to lead the other students in prayer during school hours. C: Leading students in prayer at an extracurricular activity. D: Reading Bible passages to students enrolled in calculus class before instruction began.

Leading a class discussion on the role of religion in society as part of a world history class

1. This is a law that is forced upon the states by the federal government A: Initiative B: Recall C: Referendum D: Mandates

Mandates

3. This case incorporated the 2nd Amendment and said the Equal Protection Clause to limit the power of the states A: D.C. v. Heller B: McDonald v. Chicago C: Tinker v. Des Moines D: U.S. v. Lopez

McDonald v. Chicago

1. The debates between the Federalists and Anti-Federalists were mainly focused on A: rural vs. agrarian (farming) economic priority B: church vs. state authority C: national vs. state supremacy D: big vs. small state representation

National vs. state supremacy

3. Which of the following would most likely violate the Miranda rule? A: Denying a person a jury trial B: Requiring a person to testify against him or herself C: Not providing a person legal counsel at the expense of the state D: Not reading a person his or her rights at the time of the arrest

Not reading a person his or her rights at the time of the arrest

3. The case Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) upheld the standard of "separate but equal" in American law. Which of the following explains how this case relates to Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka (1954)? A: Plessy established a precedent that was eventually overturned in the Brown case. B: The decision in Plessy was used to support the ruling in Brown. C: The "separate but equal" principle was established in Plessy and used in Brown. D: The "separate but equal" principle was upheld in Brown but not in Plessy.

Plessy established a precedent that was eventually overturned in the Brown case

3. "Separate but Equal" was used in this case that reinforced the Jim Crow laws as legal segregation in the South A: Dred Scott B: Plessy v. Ferguson C: Brown v. Board

Plessy v. Ferguson

1. Which of the following is the only stated constitutional responsibility of the vice president? A: Attending funerals of foreign dignitaries B: Taking on special tasks assigned by the President C: Filling in for the President when he is out of the country D: Presiding over the Senate

Presiding over the Senate

1. Speech, Assembly, Religion, Petition and __1__ are the five basic freedoms guaranteed by the First Amendment.

Press

3. This form of censorship was at the heart of the debate in the New York Times v. US in the media releasing information about the government A: Obscenity B: Prior Publication C: Prior Restraint D: Legal Leaking

Prior Restraint

3. Which of the following is an accurate comparison of civil right and civil liberties (Choose the answer with both parts correct. Rights first, Liberties second) A: Protects individuals from discrimination based on inherent characteristics; Protects individuals from arbitrary government interference B: Based primarily in the due process clause of the 14th Amendment; Based primarily in the equal protection clause of the 14th Amendment. C: Addresses government violations of individual rights; Addresses government and societal violations of the principle of equality. D: Often threatened by the concerns about security and order; Often threatened by concerns about racism

Protects individuals from discrimination based on inherent characteristics; Protects individuals from arbitrary government

3. Shaw v. Reno in 1993 established that district maps could not be drawn if they were done strictly with this standard A: Partisan advantage B: Race C: Gender D: Age

Race

3. LGBTQ rights, Disability rights, and age discrimination are all viewed under this test: A: Strict Scrutiny B: Intermediate Scrutiny C: Rational Scrutiny D: Irrational Scrutiny

Rational Scrutiny

3. Which of the following would likely be declared unconstitutional based upon the Court's decision in the case of Wisconsin v. Yoder? A: Requiring members of religious groups to comply with a law that violates their religious beliefs without any compelling reason for that law. B: Prohibiting members of a religious group from performing a religious ritual that the government deems a hazard to public health C: Removing tax-exempt status of property owned by religious organizations D: Requiring public schools to recite non-denominational prayer once daily.

Requiring members of religious groups to comply with a law that violates their religious beliefs without any compelling reason for that law

1. The 10th Amendment gives what kind of powers to the states? A: Federal B: Reserved C: Concurrent D: Confederate

Reserved

3. Which of the following SCOTUS decisions most directly modified federal interpretation of the 14th Amendment's Equal Protection Clause? A: Shaw v. Reno B: Schenck v. US C: McDonald v. Chicago D: Engel v. Vitale

Shaw v. Reno

3. Dr. King's message in "Letter from Birmingham Jail" most directly supports which of the following statements? A: Social movements can motivate governmental and societal action. B: Direct action reform efforts rarely succeed outside the U.S. Supreme Court. C: The Constitution has insufficient protection for the rights of minorities. D: State action to address local problems is the only way to advance civil rights.

Social movements can motivate governmental and societal action

3. Determining discrimination based on race would involve this test of scrutiny A: Intermediate B: Rational C: Classification D: Strict

Strict

3. Which of the following arguments most directly opposes the practice of affirmative action? A: The Constitution only forbids racial classification designed to hurt disadvantaged groups. B: Equal opportunity often requires providing assistance to those who have been disadvantaged by their socioeconomic. C: The Constitution is colorblind and must not permit policies that treat people differently on the basis of race. D: Organized efforts to advance civil rights must work within the framework of the Constitution.

The Constitution is colorblind and must not permit policies that treat people differently on the basis of race

3. In writing his "Letter from Birmingham Jail," Dr. King was most directly influenced by which of the following constitutional clauses? A: The Supremacy Clause B: The Due Process Clause C: The Equal Protection Clause D: The Free Exercise Clause

The Equal Protection Clause

3. What Constitutional clause forms the basis of civil rights protections? A: The Equal Protection Clause B: The Supremacy Clause C: The Free Exercise Clause D: The Establishment Clause

The Equal Protection Clause

3. Which of the following constitutional clauses served as motivation to the women's rights movement? A: The Establishment Clause B: The Equal Protection Clause C: The Necessary and Proper Clause D: The Supremacy Clause

The Equal Protection Clause

1. Which of the following governmental bodies is most directly responsible to the electorate? A: The Senate B: The House of Representatives C: The Executive Branch D: The Supreme Court

The House of Representatives

3. In recent years, the Supreme Court has increasingly required a warrant in order for law enforcement agencies to search electronic records. This is because A: The Supreme Court has applied the requirements of the Fourth Amendment to modern circumstances. B: The Sixth Amendment's requirement of legal counsel effectively protects the interests of the accused C: The Supreme Court extended the protections of the Fifth Amendment's due process guarantee D: The Patriot Act has been seen as a clear violation of the Seventh Amendment's Civil Case protections

The Supreme Court has applied the requirements of the Fourth Amendment to modern circumstances

3. Which of the following is most likely a violation of the Fourth Amendment? A: A person is not informed of the charges against him/her B: A trial court requires a defendant to testify against him or herself C: A suspect is denied access to an attorney during the questioning by police D: The contents of a person's laptop are investigated without probable cause

The contents of a person's laptop are investigated without probable cause

3. In Roe v. Wade (1973), the United States Supreme Court used what provision of the United States Constitution to extend the right to privacy to women seeking abortions? A: The due process clause of the Fifth Amendment B: The due process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment C: The equal protection clause of the Fifth Amendment D: The equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment

The due process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment

3. Which of the following was the most direct political result of the activism of Dr. King and the publication of "Letter from a Birmingham Jail"? A: The passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 B: The decision of Brown v. Board of Education (1954) C: The formation of the women's rights movement D: The ratification of the 15th Amendment

The passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964

3. During WWII, President Roosevelt ordered the interment of American citizens of Japanese ancestry who resided on the West Coast of the US. Which of the following explains this event? A: The Constitution does not protect citizens during war time. B: Constitutional rights are conditional based on ancestry. C: There is tension between the Constitutional Rights and public safety during war time. D: Constitutional rights are absolute, even during war.

There is tension between the Constitutional Rights and public safety during war time

1. __1__ was the primary author of the Declaration of Independence?

Thomas Jefferson

3. Symbolic speech was protected as long as it didn't disrupt education in this court case A: Wisonsin v. Yoder B: Engel v. Vitale C: Tinker v. Des Moines D: Citizens United v. FEC

Tinker v. Des Moines

1. According to the Declaration, what is the purpose of government? A: For the people to be free B: To Control the population C: To Protect the rights of men D: To empower the state governments

To Protect the rights of men

1. How did the 24th amendment help African Americans? A: Allowed them to vote B: Took away poll taxes C: Let black women vote D: Let 18-year-old blacks vote

Took away poll taxes

1. These are rights that cannot be taken away by man. A: Endowed B: Democracy C: Liberty D: Unalienable

Unalienable

1. Shays' Rebellion was significant in that it A: convinced state governments of the need to form compacts with foreign governments B: mobilized the president to act as commander in chief in order to put down the rebellion C: led to the national judiciary issuing warrants for the arrest of Daniel Shays D: demonstrated the need for a strong central government to respond to national emergencies

demonstrated the need for a strong central government to respond to national emergencies

1. All of the following were problems under the Articles of Confederation EXCEPT: A: state governments taxed each other B: there was no national court system to settle disputes between states C: many states printed their own money D: each state had their own Bill of Rights to protect citizens from government

each state had their own Bill of Rights to protect citizens from government

1. The Three-Fifths Compromise at the Constitutional Convention A: allowed cloture to be invoked, ending a filibuster in the Senate, with the support of 60 Senators B: detailed how many states were required to ratify a constitutional amendment C: provided the formula by which slaves would be counted for apportionment to the House of Representatives D: established the percentage of votes necessary for electors to be chosen under the original provisions of the Electoral College system

provided the formula by which slaves would be counted for apportionment to the House of Representatives

1. A government based on the consent of the governed and is a represetative government is called a A: monarchy B: federal system C: confederacy D: republic

republic

1. The Constitution's writers carefully drafted a document that would create A: strong states and a weak central government B: weakened power in both the state and national government C: the ability to adapt to changing times D: a dominant national government with no active participation from the states

the ability to adapt to changing times

1. Which of the following is an informal way of amending the Constitution? A: passage of an amendment by a simple majority vote in two consectuive sessions of Congress B: passage of an amendment by a vote of 2/3 of states without congressional approval C: the use of executive orders or executive actions by the President D: a vote of 2/3 of the state legislatures specifically requesting Congress to call a national convention to propose an amendment

the use of executive orders or executive actions by the President