AP Gov Study Guide Unit 4

36. Which of the following is a correct comparison of the positions of libertarians and conservatives on matters of social policy?

Libertarians support gay marriage Conservatives oppose gay marriage

60. Which of the following is NOT a core value of United States political culture? A. Legal equality B. Political equality C. Economic equality D. Freedom of religion E. Freedom of speech

C. Economic equality

37. In May of 2015, a federal appeals court ruled that the National Security Agency's collection of Americans' phone records was in violation of the USA PATRIOT Act. Which of the following core values are involved in the national debate regarding the surveillance program referred to in this scenario? A. Liberty versus stability and order B. Majority rule versus minority rights C. States' rights versus federal authority D. Common good versus freedom of expression

A. Liberty versus stability and order

13. Based on the outcome of the polls, which of the following is likely true about questions that use the agree-disagree format? A. Questions that use the agree-disagree format increase the percentage of respondents who agree with the primary statement. B. Questions that use the agree-disagree format create confusion about what is being asked. C. Questions that use the agree-disagree format reduce support for the public policy that is being surveyed. D. Questions that use the agree-disagree promote considerations of other perspectives.

A. Questions that use the agree-disagree format increase the percentage of respondents who agree with the primary statement.

59. Which of the following is most important for getting an accurate measure of public opinion in a survey? A. Surveying only cell phone users B. Selecting a random sample C. Asking leading questions D. Contacting only registered voters E. Conducting the survey online

B. Selecting a random sample

33. Which of the following is a limitation of the data when drawing a conclusion about the most important problem facing the country in 2017 ? A. The results are incomplete, as only 3% of respondents were taken into account when the list was compiled. B. The data were collected in a short time frame, which does not reveal full-year trends. C. The data were compiled from an exit poll; therefore, the data reflect only the views of registered voters. D. Respondents were presented with a list of problems from which they could choose more than one.

B. The data were collected in a short time frame, which does not reveal full-year trends.

55.When a child's parents both identify strongly with the same political party, the child will most likely A. identify with the opposing party B. identify with the parents' party C. have a low sense of political efficacy D. become an independent rather than a party identifier E. become alienated from the political system

B. identify with the parents' party

46. Policy that describes the impact of the federal budget (including taxes, spending, and borrowing) on the economy is referred to as which of the following? A. Monetary policy B. Trade policy C. Fiscal policy D. Antitrust policy E. Capitalist policy

C. Fiscal policy

53. The primary responsibility for determining monetary policy in the United States rests with the A. International Monetary Fund B. World Bank C. Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System D. Treasury Department E. Comptroller of the Currency

C. Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System

56. Which of the following best describes an exit poll? A. A poll that asks voters at randomly selected voting places whom they voted for so that election results can be predicted more quickly B. A poll conducted by having a computer randomly select phone numbers from around the country C. An opinion poll that is used to intentionally sway people's opinions by using false or misleading information in the conversation D. A poll that randomly samples a population to capture public opinion at a given time

A. A poll that asks voters at randomly selected voting places whom they voted for so that election results can be predicted more quickly

58. Which of the following groups would be most likely to support a constitutional amendment banning all abortions? A. Conservatives B. Libertarians C. Independents D. Liberals E. Moderates

A. Conservatives

50. The graph above supports which of the following statements? A. People with higher incomes are more likely to think of themselves as conservative than are those with lower incomes. B. Americans with incomes under $10,000 are twice as likely to think of themselves as liberal than as conservative. C. A majority of people whose incomes fall between $10,000 and $50,000 think of themselves as conservative. D. No income group contains more people who think of themselves as liberal than people who think of themselves as conservative. E. People with higher incomes are less likely to think of themselves as either liberal or conservative than are those with lower incomes.

A. People with higher incomes are more likely to think of themselves as conservative than are those with lower incomes.

52. The activities of the Federal Reserve Board have the most direct influence on A. bank interest rates B. government spending C. oil prices D. troop-strength levels of the armed services E. availability of scarce minerals

A. bank interest rates

7. Children are most likely to adopt the party identification A. of their parents B. of the president C. of their friends D. of their teachers E. endorsed by the media

A. of their parents

64. Which of the following sets of policies appears to be most influenced by a libertarian ideology? A. Increase income taxes on the wealthy to raise revenue for social security benefits. B. Legalize the commercial sale of marijuana and reduce government spending on prisons. C. Eliminate the estate tax and promote government-funded prekindergarten education. D. Expand the welfare state and reduce spending on national defense.

B. Legalize the commercial sale of marijuana and reduce government spending on prisons.

9. The passage is most related to which of the following concepts? A. Political partisanship B. Political socialization C. Political ideology D. Political polling

B. Political socialization

14. Using both of the maps, which of the following best explains the role that ideology has played in the shaping of corporate tax rates? A. The maps indicate that there is no correlation between corporate tax rates and a state's ideology. B. The maps indicate that states that have high corporate tax rates are more likely to enact liberal policies. C. The maps indicate that states with high corporate tax rates are more likely to hold libertarian positions. D. The maps indicate that states with high corporate tax rates do not have an ideological preference.

B. The maps indicate that states that have high corporate tax rates are more likely to enact liberal policies.

40. The data in the line graph would be least useful to a researcher interested in finding out which of the following? A. Whether or not there are ideological differences in regards to job approval of the Federal Reserve B. Whether or not there was a decrease in support for the Federal Reserve after the 2008 financial crisis C. The percentage of people who identify as conservative who believe the Federal Reserve caused the 2008 financial crisis D.If the Federal Reserve was an institution broadly supported by liberals

B. Whether or not there was a decrease in support for the Federal Reserve after the 2008 financial crisis

3. A state government places security cameras facing a popular site of protest in a public square in front of its statehouse. This scenario illustrates A. how political attitudes quickly shift in the United States B. the balance of promoting stability and ensuring civil liberties C. the free-rider problem of organizing a civil rights protests D. the impact of globalization on individual political attitudes

B. the balance of promoting stability and ensuring civil liberties

32. A person loses his job and refuses to accept any government assistance to get back on his feet, instead relying on savings and seeking a new job immediately. Which of the following core values would this person most relate to? A. Rule of law B. Free enterprise C. Individualism D. Equality of opportunity

C. Individualism

51. Which of the following public policies would Republicans be most likely to support? A. Implementing new standards to reduce pollution B. Instituting paid maternity and paternity leave C. Opening public lands for ranching and oil exploration D. Raising the national minimum wage to $15 an hour

C. Opening public lands for ranching and oil exploration

47. Which of the following political parties would be most likely to oppose reduced sentencing for nonviolent felony offenders? A. The Green Party B. The Libertarian Party C. The Republican Party D. The Democratic Party

C. The Republican Party

38. Which of the following statements accurately explains a limitation of the line graph? A. The line graph does not take into account the views of those who identify as moderate. B. It is difficult to tell what the relationship is between ideology and the perception of the Federal Reserve. C. The line graph does not illustrate differences along party lines regarding the perception of the Federal Reserve. D.It is difficult to tell if there is a relationship between the two survey questions on the Federal Reserve.

C. The line graph does not illustrate differences along party lines regarding the perception of the Federal Reserve.

11. Which of the following is the best conclusion a polling group might draw from the results of the two polls? A. Including loaded phrases such as "military strength" in questions skews the results of the poll. B. Asking the same question twice biases respondents, encouraging them to change their position. C. Using an agree-or-disagree format encourages respondents to agree with the position. D. A majority of Americans support using military force to ensure peace.

C. Using an agree-or-disagree format encourages respondents to agree with the position.

1. President Lyndon B. Johnson, May 22, 1964 A liberal response to the "strained resources" of local government most likely would include A. a reduction of federal income taxes so that state and local governments can use those resources B. less federal regulation and more authority for local school boards to create curricula and standards C. an increase in federal spending on public education and more programs aimed at helping lower-income communities D. encouraging state and local governments to offer vouchers so that students can attend private or charter schools

C. an increase in federal spending on public education and more programs aimed at helping lower-income communities

6. Candidates for political office use public opinion polls for all of the following purposes EXCEPT to A. assess recognition of the candidate's name B. measure voters' support for the candidate's issues C. bring the opposition's opinions into alignment with those of the candidate D. fine-tune policy stands E. identify key issues among the voters

C. bring the opposition's opinions into alignment with those of the candidate

5. An important change in political culture since 1950 is that United States citizens have become A. more likely to believe that their actions can influence government policy B. more trusting of nongovernmental institutions and leaders C. less trusting of governmental institutions and leaders D. less supportive of school integration E. less likely to think of themselves as ideologically moderate

C. less trusting of governmental institutions and leaders

43. Of the following, the most important role in the political socialization of children is played by A. their peer groups B. their places of worship C. the family D. the media E. the school

C. the family

41. Which of the following is the best example of the core value of limited government? A. Interest groups lobbying the government to influence legislation on a particular issue. B. The media covering a confirmation hearing for a potential Supreme Court justice C. Citizens voting to elect a new member of the United States Congress D. The United States Constitution delegating specific powers to Congress

D. The United States Constitution delegating specific powers to Congress

57. Which of the following explains why any attempt to reduce Social Security benefits is difficult? A. The Supreme Court has ruled that benefits are constitutionally required. B. Interest groups concerned with Social Security are ineffective. C. The global economy makes government insurance programs necessary. D. There are many voters who support Social Security. E. Government cannot predict the number of new retirees each year.

D. There are many voters who support Social Security.

4. All of the following are traditional political values held by most Americans EXCEPT A. individual freedom B. representative democracy C. equality of opportunity D. equality of outcome E. due process of law

D. equality of outcome

48. Political socialization is the process by which A. the use of private property is regulated by the government B. governments communicate with each other C. public attitudes toward government are measured and reported D. political values are passed to the next generation E. children are trained for successful occupations

D. political values are passed to the next generation

45. Party identification in the United States is most successfully transmitted by which of the following? A. Workplace B. Church C. Educational system D. The media E. Family

E. Family

34. Which of the following represents the most likely way the information in the table will be used? A. The media will use the data to present horse race coverage of elections. B. Political action committees (PACs) will use the data to determine which candidates for elected office they will support. C. Congress will use the data to suggest that there is support for their legislative proposals. D. Social movements will use this data in their legal briefings before the federal courts.

C. Congress will use the data to suggest that there is support for their legislative proposals.

63. Which of the following scenarios best reflects the process of political socialization? A. An individual takes a civics course in school and develops opinions about politics. B. Members of Congress increasingly vote the same way as other members of their party. C. A group is able to attract new members by offering access to a broad network of people. D. As media choices increase, individuals expand their media consumption to new sources.

A. An individual takes a civics course in school and develops opinions about politics.

8. The experience of those who lived through 9/11 needs to create which of the following outcomes, according to the author of the passage? A. Citizens should not let their fear of another terror attack override the country's ability to adhere to the civil liberties protections outlined in the Constitution. B. Citizens need to acknowledge that the 9/11 attack was a unique event and work to develop a new strategy to combat future terror attacks. C. Citizens have to be willing to sacrifice some civil liberties in order to protect the country from future terroristic attacks. D. Citizens can rely on the government to develop plans to protect them in the event of a future attack on the United Statees

A. Citizens should not let their fear of another terror attack override the country's ability to adhere to the civil liberties protections outlined in the Constitution.

15. Using both the maps, which of the following best explains how states with the highest corporate tax rates voted in the 2016 election? A. The maps show that states with the highest corporate tax rates were more likely to vote for the Democrat, Hillary Clinton, in the 2016 election. B. The maps show that states with the highest corporate tax rates split their votes between the Democrat, Hillary Clinton, and the Republican, Donald Trump, in the 2016 election. C. The maps show that states with the highest corporate tax rates were more likely to vote for the Republican, Donald Trump, in the 2016 election. D. The maps show that there was no relationship between high corporate tax rates and which candidate a state was likely to vote for in the 2016 election.

A. The maps show that states with the highest corporate tax rates were more likely to vote for the Democrat, Hillary Clinton, in the 2016 election.

61. Which of the following is NOT a core value of United States political culture? A. Legal equality B. Political equality C. Economic equality D. Freedom of religion E. Freedom of speech

C. Economic equality

35. A member of Congress who advocates for a more Keynesian approach to solving a recession will likely support which of the following policies? A. Lowering taxes on the wealthy to increase business investment B. Doing nothing and letting the recession work itself out C. Increasing federal spending on infrastructure programs D. Increasing interest rates and reducing the money supply

C. Increasing federal spending on infrastructure programs

54. Which of the following statements represents a trend supported by the data in the bar graph? A. Both party caucuses in the House consisted of more moderate members in 2012 than in 2002. B. The Republican caucus consisted of more ideologically conservative members in 1982 than in 2012. C. The number of House members between the most liberal Republican and the most conservative Democrat decreased between 1982 and 2012. D. The party caucuses in the Senate are more ideologically diverse than those in the House of Representatives.

C. The number of House members between the most liberal Republican and the most conservative Democrat decreased between 1982 and 2012.

10. Which of the following best explains how the passage relates to the political process? A. Attacks on United States soil can mobilize the public to act and demand changes to the public policy process. B. Public opinion plays an important role in the development of new security measures to protect the United States from internal and external threats. C. There are important political and cultural events that can cause the development of lasting political beliefs across groups of people in society. D. Citizens judge political leaders on how they react to the internal and external threats faced during their time in office.

C. There are important political and cultural events that can cause the development of lasting political beliefs across groups of people in society.

42. On November 2, 2014, a Gallup poll reported that 51 percent of Americans support legalizing marijuana, while 47 percent oppose legalization. The reported margin of sampling error was +/- 4 percent. Which of the following inferences can be made from the poll? A. More people support marijuana legalization than oppose it. B. More states are passing laws in support of marijuana legalization. C. majority of people under 35 years of age support legalizing marijuana. D. It is unclear whether more people support marijuana legalization than oppose it.

D. It is unclear whether more people support marijuana legalization than oppose it.

39. Which of the following descriptions is the information on the line graph too limited to support? A. The more conservative an individual is, the less likely he or she is to believe that the Federal Reserve helps to stabilize the economy. B. The more liberal an individual is, the more likely he or she is to believe that the Federal Reserve helps stabilize the economy. C. About half of those who identify as very liberal believe that the Federal Reserve helped stabilize the economy. D. Most who identify as very conservative believe that the Federal Reserve should be abolished.

D. Most who identify as very conservative believe that the Federal Reserve should be abolished.

12. Which of the following most likely explains the difference in result of the two polls? A. Margin of error B. Wording choice C. Question order D. Question format

D. Question format

62. Which of the following policies would an individual who identifies as a Democrat most likely support? A. Reducing regulations on Wall Street to stimulate economic growth B. Decreasing the role of the federal government to ensure access to health care C. Increasing federal enforcement of immigration laws D. Strengthening anti-discrimination policies for married gay couples

D. Strengthening anti-discrimination policies for married gay couples

49. Political socialization is the process by which A. the use of private property is regulated by the government B.governments communicate with each other C. public attitudes toward government are measured and reported D. political values are passed to the next generation E. children are trained for successful occupations

D. political values are passed to the next generation

44. The differences shown in the table demonstrate which of the following? A. Political efficacy B. Women's greater political participation C. Men's greater political participation D. Age discrimination E. The gender gap

E. The gender gap

2. The chart above supports which of the following conclusions? A. A majority of the men polled identified with the Republican party. B. More men than women voted for Ronald Reagan in 1984. C. The younger a man was, the more likely he was to identify himself as a Democrat. D. The Geraldine Ferraro vice-presidential candidacy caused many formerly Republican women to identify with the Democrats. E. The gender gap among those who identified with the Republican party was narrowest for those between 25 and 34 years of age.

E. The gender gap among those who identified with the Republican party was narrowest for those between 25 and 34 years of age.