AP Government and Politics Tri 1 Review

Which is the most democratic institution of government that represents the framers' commitment to a limited republic? 1. Supreme Court 2. U.S. Senate 3. House of Representatives 4. Electoral College

2. U.S. Senate 3. House of Representatives

Which of the following is the best modern/recent example of an oligarchy? 1. personal dictatorship 2. rule by the military 3. hereditary monarchy 4. multiparty democracy

2. rule by the military

A party-centered strategy would be least appropriate in which of the following types of elections? 1. A presidential election 2. A senatorial election 3. An open election 4. A closed primary

4. A closed primary

How does federal law restrict fundraising for presidential campaigns? I. Individual contributions are limited to $2,800 per election cycle II. PAC contributions are limited to $5,000 per election (equal to $10,000 per year) III. Federal matching funds are available to candidates who raise $5,000 in individual contributions of $250 or less, in twenty states IV. If a candidate accepts matching funds, he/she is NOT limited in campaign spending

I, II, and III

Philosophers who inspired the DOI

John Locke - life, liberty, and property Thomas Paine - influenced the American Revolution (and DOI) by encouraging to break from Britain, and the creation of a democratic republic

Which of the following is a consequence of the presidential nomination process in the United States? 1. Candidates who win the nomination do so mainly on their own and owe little or nothing to the national party organization 2. Candidates follow a party-centered campaign strategy 3. Candidates can usually win even if they are not favored by most party identifiers 4. The uncertainty of the nomination process discourages most potential candidates; in any given year, there are very few aspirants

1. Candidates who win the nomination do so mainly on their own and owe little or nothing to the national party organization Parties try to stay away from any one candidate in the beginning so it doesn't backfire on them

According to the _____, political parties are essential to making government responsive to public opinion. 1. majoritarian model of democracy 2. pluralist model of democracy 3. socialist model of democracy 4. substantive model of democracy

1. majoritarian model of democracy Forces government to listen to the majority of people's opinions

Define: 1. autocracy 2. oligarchy 3. democracy

1. one person with absolute power 2. small group of people having control 3. the whole population or all the eligible members of a state hold the power (typically through reps)

"The end of law is not to abolish or restrain, but to preserve and enlarge freedom. For in all the states of created beings being capable of law, where there is no law, there is no freedom." This quotation is most associated with which political philosopher? 1. Baron de Montesquieu 2. Karl Marx 3. John Locke 4. Thomas Hobbes

3. John Locke

Americans who are most likely to join interest groups are: 1. economically oppressed 2. young and economically disadvantaged 3. middle-class blue-collar workers 4. wealthy and well educated 5. people who have experienced a lack of government support for their particular problems

4. wealthy and well educated Money and organization comes easier, will be more effective in lobbying

Much of the Civil Rights movement's success can be attributed to its effective use of: 1. coalition building 2. directly lobbying 3. high-tech lobbying 4. information campaigns 5. grassroots lobbying

5. grassroots lobbying Needed a lot of public support to get the message out

Which of the following is NOT a function of a political party? 1. if well organized, a party can coordinate each branch of government to get things done 2. a party controls who gets to be labeled as party members on electoral ballots 3. parties help structure the voting choice to make it easier for citizens 4. it mobilizes voters, gets them registers and leads get-out-the-vote campaigns 5. it absolutely requires candidates to support the party platform

5. it absolutely requires candidates to support the party platform Candidates do not have to support the party platform, but risk losing support if they do not

During the general election, a candidate is likely to do which of the following? I. Moderate positions taken during the primaries to appeal to the electorate as a whole II. Campaign vigorously in all 50 states, even in states where he will not win III. Participate in a handful of televised debates with the other majority party candidate IV. Continue to actively raise money

I, III, and IV only

John Locke's main ideas

Life, liberty, and property; Social contract = an agreement between the people and the government. The people give up certain rights to be governed, and the gov't will protect the people. If the gov't does not follow this, the people have a right to overthrow it

What are the two steps that the U.S. Constitution established for the removal of the President from office?

Reps - majority vote Senate - 2/3 for removal

What formal powers does the President have?

To sign or veto legislation, command armed forces, ask for the written opinion of their cabinet, convene or adjourn Congress, grant reprieves and pardons, and receive ambassadors

Which of the following statements best describes the organization of the two major political parties in the United States? 1. separate and largely independent party organizations exist at national, state, and local levels 2. parties are centrally organized to provide a smooth transition from one national campaign to the next 3. parties are organized much like a large corporation, in that decisions flow from national to state to local levels 4. parties have no organization except at the national level

1. separate and largely independent party organizations exist at national, state, and local levels

Political parties are distinguished from interest groups in American politics by the fact that interest groups do not: 1. sponsor candidates for office under their names 2. maintain organizations that assist candidates in campaigns 3. endorse candidates in campaigns 4. endorse party platforms 5. financially support candidates for public office

1. sponsor candidates for office under their names Only PACs can sponsor candidates for office

The Supreme Court first declared that the courts have the power to overturn government acts that conflict with the Constitution in: 1. the Supreme Court case Marbury v. Madison 2. the implementation of the commerce clause 3. the implementation of the reserved powers 4. the Supreme Court case McCullouch v. Maryland 5. permitting Congress to overrule the powers of the Tenth Amendment

1. the Supreme Court case Marbury v. Madison

The idea that all adults within the boundaries of the political community should be allowed to vote is known as: 1. universal participation 2. majority rule 3. plurality rule 4. political equality

1. universal participation

Which of the following is an accurate statement about presidential elections in today's system? 1. The political parties have no control or say over who becomes a candidate or how they are selected 2. Both the Democrat and Republican parties are taking actions nationwide that always exclude non-party members 3. There are an ever decreasing number of caucuses held in comparison to primaries by both major parties 4. Caucuses are simpler methods of selecting a potential candidate; all citizens can participate and easily understand how they work

2. Both the Democrat and Republican parties are taking actions nationwide that always exclude non-party members

The Bi-Partisan Campaign Reform Act, also known as "McCain-Feingold" did all of the following except: 1. Increased the amount one can donate in hard money contributions 2. Created SuperPACs so that outside groups can spend unlimited amounts supporting a candidate 3. Banned soft money 4. Required candidates to indicate "I'm __ ___ and I approve this message" to inform voters on the origin of the ad 5. Allowed the use of 527 Issue-Advocacy Ads

2. Created SuperPACs so that outside groups can spend unlimited amounts supporting a candidate That one was Citizens United

All of the following Constitutional provisions supports interests groups right to function except: 1. Fourth Amendment: Protection against unreasonable search and seizure 2. Eighth Amendment: Protection against cruel and unusual punishment 3. First Amendment: Freedom of Assembly 4. First Amendment: Freedom of Speech

2. Eighth Amendment: Protection against cruel and unusual punishment

The idea of a [unitary] government involves in it, not only an authority over the individual citizens, but an indefinite supremacy over all persons and things, so far as they are objects of lawful government...In [that] case, all local authorities are subordinate to the supreme; and may be controlled, directed, or abolished by it at pleasure. In [a federal system], the [regional] authorities form distinct and independent portions of the supremacy, no more subject, within their respective spheres, to the general authority, than the general authority is subject to them, within its own sphere.---James Madison, Federalist No. 39. Which of the following statements best describes the author's perspective and reasoning? 1. The U.S. Constitution should be ratified because a unitary government is preferable to the Articles of Confederation 2. The powers that the Constitution would grant to the national government will not intrude upon the power of the state governments 3. Lawful government can and should make any laws it deems necessary and proper for effectuating a peaceful society 4. The supremacy clause will subordinate state governments to the federal sphere

2. The powers that the Constitution would grant to the national government will not intrude upon the power of the state governments

An example of __________________ is the constitutional provision that allows Congress to override the president's veto. 1. the implied powers 2. checks and balances 3. federalism 4. the necessary & proper clause 5. separation of powers

2. checks and balances

Someone who believes that the elastic clause of the Constitution should be broadly or loosely interpreted is most likely to endorse the concept of_____ federalism. 1. implied 2. cooperative 3. dual 4. new

2. cooperative

Increases in the amount of money spent on national defense and security contracts, such as those that occurred after the 9/11 terrorist attacks and during the subsequent wars in Iraq and Afghanistan, would most likely have which of the following consequences? 1. there would be an increase in the number of ideological social movements that seek to influence the federal budget 2. defense contractors would increase their lobbying efforts in order to improve their chances of winning a contract 3. a single-issue group would form to take out political ads opposing increased federal spending 4. a political party realignment would occur, shifting more voters into the democratic party

2. defense contractors would increase their lobbying efforts in order to improve their chances of winning a contract More money to spend = more of an incentive to get that money

The idea of a [unitary] government involves in it, not only an authority over the individual citizens, but an indefinite supremacy over all persons and things, so far as they are objects of lawful government...In [that] case, all local authorities are subordinate to the supreme; and may be controlled, directed, or abolished by it at pleasure. In [a federal system], the [regional] authorities form distinct and independent portions of the supremacy, no more subject, within their respective spheres, to the general authority, than the general authority is subject to them, within its own sphere.---James Madison, Federalist No. 39. Which constitutional concept is best reflected in the passage? 1. separation of powers 2. dual federalism 3. cooperative federalism 4. constitutional supremacy

2. dual federalism

There is widespread agreement among political scientists that PAC contributions: 1. have considerable impact on congressional voting 2. result in donors having better access to Congress at the committee level 3. create a distinct advantage for congressional challengers 4. have considerable impact on all aspects of the legislative process 5. are a beneficial aspect of the pluralist ideal

2. result in donors having better access to Congress at the committee level Creates a connection between group and legislator

If NO presidential candidate receives the necessary number of the Electoral College votes to claim victory, the election is decided by: 1. the US Congress. 2. the US House of Representatives. 3. the US Senate. 4. votes in the fifty state legislatures. 5. the US Supreme Court.

2. the US House of Representatives.

But what is government itself, but the greatest of all reflections on human nature? If men were angels, no government would be necessary. If angels were to govern men, neither external nor internal controls on government would be necessary. In framing a government which is to be administered by men over men, the great difficulty lies in this: you must first enable the government to control the governed; and in the next place oblige it to control itself. A dependence on the people is, no doubt, the primary control on the government; but experience has taught mankind the necessity of auxiliary precautions. -James Madison, The Federalist No. 51. Based on the text, which of the following statements would the author most likely agree with? 1. the Articles of Confederation was not sustainable due to lack of institutional control 2. the executive branch of government should not have some partial control of the legislative branch 3. human nature is inherently pure 4. democratic elections are the most important control of government power

2. the executive branch of government should not have some partial control of the legislative branch

Which of the following is not a reason that the U.S. Constitution replaced the Articles of Confederation? 1. there was no independent leadership position 2. the national government could not handle its diplomatic responsibilities 3. the national government did not have the power to tax 4. articles could not be amended without unanimous consent 5. the national government could not regulate interstate and foreign commerce

2. the national government could not handle its diplomatic responsibilities

Which of the following scenarios would be considered an unconstitutional use of state power? 1. a state passes a law that increases the pay of state legislatures 2. a state enacts a law prohibiting smoking in all public places 3. a state places a tax on furniture made overseas 4. a state raises the drinking age to 25 years of age

3. a state places a tax on furniture made overseas

What was the impact of the three-fifths compromise? 1. it gave Southern states more representation in the Senate 2. it gave Northern states more representation in the Senate 3. it gave Southern states more representation in the House 4. it gave Northern states more representation in the House

3. it gave Southern states more representation in the House They didn't get all the representation they could've, but they still got something

Lobbyists try to influence legislators mainly through: 1. threatening to help the legislator's opponent in the next election 2. placing persuasive advertisements in the media 3. providing legislators with information on technical issues 4. orchestrating petition drives and letter-writing campaigns 5. "wining and dining" legislators

3. providing legislators with information on technical issues Legislators don't know much about a lot of issues, so lobbyists inform them about them

Opponents of the Constitution demanded inclusion of the Bill of Rights because they feared abuse of power by: 1. local police forces 2. state governments 3. the national government 4. foreign armies 5. government at all levels

3. the national government

Which of the following best explains how political parties use party platforms? 1. platforms are used to inform voters of how individual candidates within the party voted on recent public policy issues 2. parties use their platform as a binding document that dictates how candidates in office will vote on issues 3. the platform is used to define the party's general stance on political issues 4. parties use platforms as a means to raise large amounts of money from federal matching grants

3. the platform is used to define the party's general stance on political issues

Which of the following is NOT a provision contained within the Fifth Amendment? 1. the protection from self-incrimination 2. due process 3. the right to an attorney 4. grand jury 5. eminent domain

3. the right to an attorney

Which of the follow is NOT a part of the federal government's role in elections? 1. campaign finance law 2. civil rights legislation 3. timing of voting 4. determining the date of Congressional elections

3. timing of voting

The article of the U.S. Constitution establishing the Supreme Court was purposely left vague because the framers: 1. intended to settle the details later, through a constitutional amendment 2. did not intend for the Supreme Court to be very powerful 3. were unable to agree on the details of a national judiciary 4. intended for the Supreme Court to determine the composition and procedures of a national judiciary system

3. were unable to agree on the details of a national judiciary

Which of the following is NOT a core value of the U.S. political culture? 1. Legal Equality 2. Equality of Opportunity 3. Political Equality 4. Economic Equality

4. Economic Equality

The Federalist Papers did all of the following EXCEPT: 1. point out how a strong central government with a system of checks and balances would limit the tyranny of factions 2. support a strong central government 3. use the failure of the Articles of Confederation to support the Constitution's passage 4. argue that the Bill of Rights must be included in the final draft of the Constitution 5. provide the groundwork and a rationale for pluralism

4. argue that the Bill of Rights must be included in the final draft of the Constitution

The constitutional provision that made cooperative federalism possible is: 1. Article V on amending the Constitution 2. Tenth Amendment 3. interstate commerce clause 4. elastic clause

4. elastic clause

Typically, presidential candidates implement their campaign strategies by: 1. ignoring the electoral college, because more states are moving away from the winner-take-all system 2. ignoring the electoral college, because the popular vote determines the outcome of the election 3. focusing on small states, because these states have proportionally more electoral votes than more populous states have 4. focusing on larger, competitive states, because they might tip the balance of the electoral college 5. applying their resources evenly among the states, because they must win popular votes in a majority of the states to be elected

4. focusing on larger, competitive states, because they might tip the balance of the electoral college

Direct (a.k.a. participatory) democracy is not practiced in large-scale modern societies because: 1. most modern societies are dominated by oligarchies 2. they simply do not work 3. citizens of democracies rarely show an interest in politics 4. the large size/population of most societies make assembling all citizens impossible

4. the large size/population of most societies make assembling all citizens impossible

The ancient Greeks classified governments as autocracies, oligarchies, or democracies based on: 1. the types of elected officeholders 2. the kinds of decisions the government was responsible for 3. the fundamental purposes for which the government was instituted 4. the number of citizens involved in governing

4. the number of citizens involved in governing

According to the New Jersey Plan, how was representation to be structured in Congress? 1. states would have equal representation in one house and population-based representation in the other 2. there would be one house, and representation in it would be based on population 3. there would be population-based representation in both houses 4. there would be one house, and all states would have equal representation in it 5. representation was to be based on the three-fifths compromise

4. there would be one house, and all states would have equal representation in it

Political parties will rely increasingly on social media advertising to reach different coalitions of voters

that's it