AP Government Unit 4 Test

Which of the following most likely explanations why poll results shown in the map were inaccurate in predicting the winner of the 2016 presidential election? A. The polls favored voters on the East and West Coasts B. The polls did not accurately reflect the opinions of citizens who went to the polls. C. The language in the polls was more favorable toward Hillary Clinton. D. The polls did not reach a sample of voters large enough to accurately predict results.

B. The polls did not accurately reflect the opinions of citizens who went to the polls.

The Civilian Conservation Corps, shown in the poster, was a New Deal program employing young men to work on projects to conserve and manage natural resources. This program is an example of which economic theory? A. Monetarism B. Keynesianism C. Supply-side economics D. Fiscal theory

B. Keynesianism

In an effort to measure Americans' views on the death penalty, students in a high school government class take a poll of every fifth person entering the local coffee shop from 8:00 a.m. to 8:00 p.m. on a Saturday. Which of the following statements best describes the validity of the poll results? A. The poll results are valid because respondents were selected at random. B. The poll results are not valid because the respondents are not representative of the nation. C. The poll results are scientific, as long as the sample size was large enough. D. The poll results are not scientific, because the poll was not conducted by a reputable polling firm.

B. The poll results are not valid because the respondents are not representative of the nation.

Select the pair that best represents the ideological positions and of the two major parties. A. Increase the minimum wage-Increase environmental regulations B. Oppose the death penalty-Increase taxes for the middle class C. Protect the rights of the accused-Ban abortion D. Expand school-choice programs-Oppose affirmative action

C. Protect the rights of the accused - Ban abortion

Which of the following describes how the Federal Reserve System influences the economy? A. The Fed raises interest rates in an attempt to increase the amount of credit available to consumers. B. The Fed increases the amount of money in circulation in an attempt to lower inflation rates. C. The Fed increases the reserve rate in an attempt to raise the amount of money banks keep in deposits. D. The Fed provides Congress and the president with advice about taxing and spending levels in the budget.

C. The Fed increases the reserve rate in an attempt to raise the amount of money banks keep in deposits.

(roadkill cartoon) The cartoon best illustrates which of the following terms? A. Political culture B. Political ideology C. Political indoctrination D. Political socialization

D. Political Socialization

That same system has helped lift more people out of poverty across the globe than any government program or competing economic system. The success of America's...system has been a bright beacon of freedom for the world. It has signaled to oppressed people to rise up against their oppressors, and given hope to the once hopeless. - Mitt Romney, 2012 Campaign Speech Which of the following best describes the viewpoint expressed in the quote? A. American core values inspire citizens throughout the world. B. Democratic governments have a duty to try to spread their values to help citizens living in authoritarian states. C. The American government has an obligation to reduce poverty among citizens. D. America should fix its own problems before it tries to solve global issues.

A. American core values inspire citizens throughout the world

Which of the following best represents a conflict between liberty and order? A. Providing due process to criminal defendants and protecting the rights of crime victims. B. Increasing the minimum wage and providing tax cuts for businesses. C. Increasing the taxes for the wealthy and providing social welfare for the poor. D. Increasing the interest rate on loans and reducing the rate of inflation on consumer goods.

A. Providing due process to criminal defendants and protecting the rights of crime victims.

"Our true choice is not between tax reduction, on the one hand, and the avoidance of large Federal deficits on the other. It is increasingly clear that no matter what party is in power, so long as our national security needs keep rising, an economy hampered by restrictive tax rates will never produce enough revenues to balance our budget just as it will never produce enough jobs or enough profits... it is a paradoxical truth that tax rates are too high today and tax revenues are too low and the soundest way to raise the revenues, in the long run, is to cut the rates now."- John F. Kennedy Which of the following is a criticism of the viewpoint expressed in the quote? A. Cutting taxes decreases government revenue in the short run, and there is no guarantee that tax cuts will generate government revenues in the long run. B. It is better to cut spending on social programs than to cut taxes because tax cuts only benefit the wealthy. C. Tax cuts for the wealthy should be balanced with increased spending on social programs so that both the wealthy and the poor will benefit. D. Tax cuts result in job loss because businesses no longer need to increase productivity in order to keep up with their tax payments.

A. Cutting taxes decreases government revenue in the short run, and there is no guarantee that tax cuts will generate government revenues in the long run.

The cartoon represents which of the following viewpoints? A. Government spending has gotten too big, at the taxpayers' expense. B. The federal government spends too much on the military and not enough on social programs. C. The Democratic Party is more likely to support big government. D. Government programs offer assistance to struggling citizens.

A. Government spending has gotten too big, at the taxpayers' expense.

Which of the following is a criticism of the poll shown in the graph? A. It does not identify the aspects of the economy that concern respondents the most, such as unemployment or inflation. B. It does not accurately measure the economic growth rate. C. It does not take the income and wealth of the respondents into account. D. It defines the economy as a problem, and this wording results in negative views toward the economy.

A. It does not identify the aspects of the economy that concern respondents the most, such as unemployment or inflation.

"With public sentiment, nothing can fail; without it nothing can succeed. Consequently he who moulds public sentiment, goes deeper than he who enacts statutes or pronounces decisions. He makes statutes and decisions possible or impossible to be executed."- Abraham Lincoln, 1858 Which of the following views about public opinion is conveyed in the quote? A. Public opinion plays a powerful role in shaping the policy agenda. B. It is important to use opinion polls to determine the public's view on an issue. C. Officials fail to lead when they rely too much on public opinion. D. Public opinion frequently shifts, making it hard for the government to create new policies.

A. Public opinion plays a powerful role in shaping the policy agenda.

Which of the following strengthens transparency and the rule of law? A. The Freedom of Information Act allows citizens to request information kept by the government. B. Judges may impose different sentences for criminal defendants, depending on the circumstances. C. Under the system of federalism, states have independent powers that the federal government may not take away. D. The government may use prior restraint to prevent the publication of news stories that are critical of its actions.

A. The Freedom of Information Act allows citizens to request information kept by the government.

In addition to the rights of the students to learn, and the teachers to teach, there is the right of society to insist the educational system it supports will further the goals and the aspirations and the moral principles and precepts of that society, There is no question that the publicly supported colleges and universities contributed to the emerging greatness not only of California but also of our nation, and that is good; but we have a right to insure that they do not, in some far-out interpretation of "freedom," weaken the social structure essential to the nation's strength and to the perpetuation of these very educational institutions.-Ronald Reagan, speech given at Chico State College, 1967 Which of the following statements best describes the viewpoint about American political culture expressed in the quote? A. The educational system should support core American values. B. The right to a college education is an important American value. C. The public should provide more financial support to colleges and universities. D. Colleges and universities should make more effort to hire conservative professors.

A. The educational system should support core American values.

In addition to the rights of the students to learn, and the teachers to teach, there is the right of society to insist the educational system it supports will further the goals and the aspirations and the moral principles and precepts of that society, There is no question that the publicly supported colleges and universities contributed to the emerging greatness not only of California but also of our nation, and that is good; but we have a right to insure that they do not, in some far-out interpretation of "freedom," weaken the social structure essential to the nation's strength and to the perpetuation of these very educational institutions.-Ronald Reagan, speech given at Chico State College, 1967 A critic of the viewpoint expressed in the quote might make which of the following arguments in rebuttal? A. The government may not place limits on the right to an education. B. The freedom to disagree over core values strengthens the social structure of the nation. C. Most college professors are politically neutral in expressing their beliefs. D. The government has the authority to regulate speech in public colleges because they receive federal funding.

A. The government may not place limits on the right to an education.

(Eco-friendly car & slaves) The cartoon illustrates which of the following? A. The race to the bottom B. The impact of tariffs and other trade barriers C. The decline of trade unions D. The rapid pace of globalization

A. The race to the bottom

The graph supports which of the following statements? A. The U.S. government is in more debt than China, Japan, or Ireland. B. China and Japan are the largest international owners of U.S. government debt. C. Interest on treasury bills constitutes an uncontrollable expenditure in the federal budget. D. American citizens own most of the debt incurred through treasury securities.

B. China and Japan are the largest international owners of U.S. government debt.

Which of the following is a consequence of globalization for the U.S. economy? A. Consumer goods are more expensive because most goods are made overseas and transportation costs are high. B. The U.S. is losing some manufacturing jobs in certain industries to other countries. C. Globalization spreads democratic values, encouraging free and fair elections and civil not rights and liberties. D. Stricter regulations worldwide have improved air & water quality in the U.S.

B. The United States is losing some manufacturing jobs in certain industries to other countries

I have shown how it is that in ages of equality every man seeks for his opinions within himself: I am now about to show how it is that, in the same ages, all his feeling are turned towards himself alone. - Alexis de Tocqueville, Democracy in America. Which of the following statements best summarizes the excerpt? A. Equality and individualism are contradictory core American values. B. The core value of individualism leads Americans to turn away from their communities C. Individualism results in equality and opportunity. D. As a "nation of joiners," Americans seek the opinions of their fellow citizens.

B. The core value of individualism leads Americans to turn away from their communities.

Which of the following best describes a trend shown in the poll results? A. Since 2010, the economy has been the most important issue facing the nation. B. The percentage of people who mention the economy as the nation's most important problem has declined from 2014 to 2017. C. From 2001 to 2017, more than 50 percent of Americans identified the economy as the most important issue facing the nation. D. Presidential elections have a large impact on Americans' views about the importance of economic issues.

B. The percentage of people who mention the economy as the nation's most important problem has declined from 2014 to 2017.

The graph most closely measures . . . A. life-cycle effects B. generational effects C. political socialization D. changes in demographics

B. generational effects

Which of the following would have the greatest impact on an individual's political socialization? A. The media report on a story about government corruption B. A pastor gives a sermon to explain the importance of charitable giving. C. A father comments on political news while driving his daughter to school. D. A grandmother washes and reuses plastic forks because of her experiences during the Great Depression.

C. A father comments on political news while driving his daughter to school.

Which of the following poll questions is most likely to lead to a valid result, assuming the poll is taken using scientific methods? A. Do you agree or disagree with the unjustified shooting of unarmed American citizens? B. Do you agree that stem cell research has the potential to improve outcomes for patients suffering from cancer? C. Do you agree or disagree with the way Donald Trump is doing his job as president? D. Would you support a tax plan that benefits the rich at the expense of the poor?

C. Do you agree or disagree with the way Donald Trump is doing his job as president?

Frogs in A Burning Pan of Socialism "hop in the water's fine" Which American Core Value is addressed in the cartoon? A. Equality of opportunity B. Limited government C. Free Enterprise D. Individualism

C. Free enterprise

I would not like to finish without saying a few words on a problem that affects you as you experience it in your current life: unemployment...We cannot resign ourselves to losing a generation of young people who do not have the dignity of work! -Pope Francis, Address to youth of the diocese of Abruzzo and Moline, Shrine of Our Lady of Sorrows, Castelpetroso, Italy, July 5, 2014Which of these political science concepts is reflected in the quote? A. Political Socialization B. Life-cycle effects C. Generational effects D. Political Ideology

C. Generational effects

The graph supports which of the following statements? A. In 2009, most people born between 1946 and 1964 opposed interracial dating B. There is no difference in support for interracial dating between members of Generation X and Millenials C. In 2009, more than 80 percent of people born after 1946 supported interracial dating D. Baby boomers showed the greatest increase in support for interracial dating between 1987 and 2009

C. In 2009, more than 80 percent of people born after 1946 supported interracial dating.

Which of the following statements about the data in the bar chart is true? A. Most Catholics are liberal B. Most Historically Black Protestants are liberal C. Jews remain one of the most liberal religious groups. D. Muslims are one of the most conservative religious groups.

C. Jews remain one of the most liberal religious groups.

The graph supports which of the following conclusions? A. From 1965 to 1995, there was a strong positive correlation between defense and nondefense spending. B. From 1965 to 2015, defense spending was consistently the largest discretionary item in the federal budget. C. Mandatory spending increased from 1965 to 2010. D. Mandatory spending increases the amount of discretionary spending in the federal budget.

C. Mandatory spending increased from 1965 to 2010.

(Old people being wack over younger generations) The cartoon expresses which of the following viewpoints? A. The millennial generation is pampered, and older people have earned their wealth. B. Members of the millennial generation expect to get a trophy for doing everyday tasks C. Older generations benefited from a system that allowed them to get wealthy, while millennials are burdened with debt. D. Members of the millennial generation are more likely to be depressed and are less engaged in their communities than older Americans.

C. Older generations benefited from a system that allowed them to get wealthy, while millennials are burdened with debt.

(pollster political cartoon) Which of the following best describes the viewpoint expressed in the cartoon? A. Americans are not very knowledgeable about candidates and campaigns. B. Exit polling is not an effective measure of how a voter will vote. C. Politicians change their stance on the issues based on polling results. D. Public opinion polls are more accurate when they are taken in person, rather than by phone.

C. Politicians change their stance on the issues based on polling results.

(oldies reading the papers) Which of the following statements best describes the viewpoint expressed in the cartoon? A. Older Americans are more likely to trust polling data than younger Americans. B. Most Americans don't trust government officials C. Polls purport to measure political attitudes, but most Americans don't trust the validity of polling data. D. Headlines often cover poll results, and people are more interested in poll results than news stories.

C. Polls purport to measure political attitudes, but most Americans don't trust the validity of polling data.

Frogs in A Burning Pan of Socialism "hop in the water's fine" A critic of the cartoon would make which of the following arguments? A. America is an individualistic country and is unlikely to join with other countries in creating economic policy. B. The American government is limited, and it relies on the principle of checks and balances to curb executive power. C. The cartoon overstates the possibility that the United States would become a socialist country, because the United States favors a free-market economy. D. When the United States cooperates with other countries in policy making, it runs the risk that other economies will negatively affect our economy

C. The cartoon overstates the possibility that the United States would become a socialist country, because the United States favors a free-market economy.

Which of the following best explains why it was more difficult for the polls to predict the outcome of the 2016 presidential election than it had been in the past? A. Fewer polls were taken. B. The media relied on exit polls, instead of public opinion polls. C. The voters surveyed were not representative of those who voted. D. The wording of the polls favored Hillary Clinton, overestimating her support.

C. The voters surveyed were not representative of those who voted.

Which of the following is a constitutional criticism of tuition vouchers? A. They violate the First Amendment because they limit freedom of expression and choice. B. They violate the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment because schools receive unequal funding. C. They violate the establishment clause of the First Amendment because tax dollars go to support religious schools. D. They violate the Fourteenth Amendment right of privacy because they allow schools access to financial information.

C. They violate the establishment clause of the First Amendment because tax dollars go to support religious schools.

Which of the following best describes the information shown on the map? A. Of voters polled, 69.2 percent supported Hillary Clinton B. Although most voters supported Hillary Clinton, the electors in the most populous states favored Donald Trump. C. Most Hillary Clinton supporters live in the West. D. According to polling data, there was about a 69 percent chance that Hillary Clinton would win the presidency.

D. According to polling data, there was about a 69 percent chance that Hillary Clinton would win the presidency.

The bar chart supports which of the following conclusions? A. Democrats are more likely to support the rights of transgendered persons than Republicans. B. Most members of Generation X believe that gender can be different from sex at birth. C. There is a significant difference in viewpoints about being transgendered between Baby Boomers and members of Generation X D. Democrats and Republicans have starkly contrasting viewpoints on transgender issues.

D. Democrats and Republicans have starkly contrasting viewpoints on transgender issues.

Which of the following poll questions would lead to the most accurate result? A. Do you favor policies that improve access to healthy nutrition for American's poorest children? B. Do you agree that parents who pay taxes should be able to choose the best place for their child's education? C. Do you agree that hydraulic fracturing is an untested and dangerous threat to our quality of life and the environment? D. Do you agree or disagree with the way Donald Trump is doing his job as president?

D. Do you agree or disagree with the way Donald Trump is doing his job as president?

Our security and prosperity are only found in wise, sustained, global engagement: In the cultivation of new markets for American goods. In the confrontation of security challenges before they fully materialize and arrive on our shores. In the fostering of global health and development as alternatives to suffering and resentment. In the attraction of talent, energy, and enterprise from all over the world. In serving as a shining hope for refugees and a voice for dissidents, human rights defenders, and the oppressed. -George W. Bush, Speech at the National Forum on Liberty, October 19, 2017 Which of the following statements describes the viewpoint about globalization expressed in the quote? A. Free trade policies protect local artisans by allowing them to become more globally engaged. B. Globalization makes it difficult to confront increasing security challenges. C. Global health and development are slow to reach those who are suffering. D. Globalization provides the United States an opportunity to spread its economic and political values.

D. Globalization provides the United States with an opportunity to spread its economic and political values.

Select the response that matches the American core political value with the appropriate example. A. Individualism - Social welfare policies B. Limited Government - Restrictions on free speech C. Free Enterprise - Minimum wage regulations D. Rule of Law - Impeachment process

D. Rule of Law - Impeachment process

"Our true choice is not between tax reduction, on the one hand, and the avoidance of large Federal deficits on the other. It is increasingly clear that no matter what party is in power, so long as our national security needs keep rising, an economy hampered by restrictive tax rates will never produce enough revenues to balance our budget just as it will never produce enough jobs or enough profits... it is a paradoxical truth that tax rates are too high today and tax revenues are too low and the soundest way to raise the revenues in the long run is to cut the rates now."-John F. Kennedy The quote is most consistent with which policy? A. Command-and-control policy B. Keynesian economics C. Monetarism D. Supply-side economics

D. Supply-side economics

Which of the following conclusions regarding American core values is supported by the bar chart? A. People who decide to work in retail are more likely to live in poverty than those who choose to work in other occupations. B. Different wages for people from different racial and ethnic groups are the result of market forces. C. Hispanic and black retail workers are more likely to live in poverty than Asian and white retail workers. D. The government should regulate businesses so that all workers receive equal pay

D. The government should regulate businesses so that all workers receive equal pay

The screen capture is from an online polling organization. Which of the following best describes the validity of the results from this poll? A. The results of this online poll are more reliable than results from a telephone poll. B. The results are not reliable because there is no way to determine the sample size. C. The results are not reliable because the poll is conducted by an organization favorable to Trump. D. The results are not reliable because the sample is not random.

D. The results are not reliable because the sample is not random.