AP human unit 5

On average a cow requires

1.5 to 2.0 acres for grazing (depending on the climate and productivity of the pasture).

Which of the following statements best explains fair trade agriculture as shown for the products on the map?

A system where consumers in mostly more developed countries purchase goods from producers mainly in less developed countries, with the intent to reduce the disparity in income between different regions

Which of the following best explains a negative economic consequence of the Green Revolution in less developed countries as compared to more developed countries

Because of the increased capital investment required to produce new crop varieties using technology that was pioneered in more developed countries, there was an increase in wealth disparity in many farming communities in less developed countries.

Which of the following best explains the significance of similarities between the farming practices for apple orchards and grape vineyards?

Both farming practices require considerable labor input because the fruit is picked by hand, making it a product of intensive agriculture.

Which of the following best explains the differences between countries with higher and lower percentages of women working in agriculture?

Countries with large percentages of female employment in agriculture tend to be mostly rural and are reliant on subsistence agriculture.

Which of the following best explains why in the model the amount of land used for dairying is much smaller than the pasture used for beef cattle?

Dairy cows must be kept close to farmhouses, as they require daily milking, and milk must be produced close to consumers, as it is highly perishable.

Which of the following scenarios best explains the Columbian Exchange?

Domesticated animals such as cattle, horses, pigs, and chickens were introduced to the Americas by European colonizers. Prior to this, very few animals had been domesticated in the Americas.

Grain farming is an __________agricultural practice.

Extensive

Ranching is

Extensive

Guaranteeing a living wage, sufficient to pay the costs of production plus a small profit for farmers, is a belief of

Fair trade agriculture

Which of the following best compares a technological consequence of the Green Revolution in more developed and less developed countries?

Farmers in less developed countries were able to increase their profits from growing and exporting high-yield grain to levels similar to those in more developed countries.

Which of the following explains a reason why education and employment rates for women are lower in less developed compared to more developed countries?

Females take primary responsibility for harvesting and cooking food in less developed countries.

West African countries

Ghana and Côte d'Ivoire

More developed countries tend to have greater access to agricultural technology and government-supported loans used to purchase computerized farm equipment. Which of the following best explains the significance of access to these resources?

Government financing and improved technology lead to larger economies of scale and improved efficiency.

Which of the following best explains how a wheat farmer in the Northern Plains region of the United States is able to maximize profits?

Grain farming is an extensive farming practice that can maximize profits in part by lower land costs, lower transportation costs, and imperishability of the product.

A typical grocery store in the United States may sell oranges grown primarily in California during part of the year and oranges grown primarily in South Africa during a different part of the year. Which of the following explains why oranges are available year-round in the United States?

Grocery stores sell oranges that are grown in locations with similar climates but different growing seasons.

The two images each show a different form of beef production. Which of the following statements explains a primary difference between the agricultural practices?

Image 1 shows traditional beef production, which has regained popularity because of perceived environmental and ethical benefits compared to the beef production shown in Image 2.

Using the data shown, which of the following best explains the spatial variations of rural women's roles in food production and food preparation?

In less developed countries, females and males tend to participate equally in harvesting and preparation tasks.

Vegetable gardening is

Intensive

Which of the following best explains the significance of a similarity among locations where olives, figs, grapes and lemons are grown?

Intensive agriculture is practiced in a Mediterranean climate.

Which of the following correctly compares the significance of the different technologies shown in the images?

Invention of the plow eased the intensive use of labor, and the innovation of mechanized farm equipment led to improved food production. Image 1 shows technology improvements of the First Agricultural Revolution, and image 2 shows technology improvements of the Second Agriculture Revolution. Both resulted in improved food production, better diet, and longer life expectancy at the time.

Which of the following best explains how irrigated commercial agriculture in arid environments creates both environmental opportunities and challenges?

Irrigation increases production but potentially depletes water resources.

Which of the following best explains the spatial patterns illustrated in von Thünen's model?

Labor-intensive farming of vegetables is done in small-scale plots in market gardens, while extensive grain crops are grown in large-scale fields far from the market town.

Based on the map above, which of the following best explains the production of lettuce in the United States?

Lettuce production in the United States is an example of commercial farming. Most lettuce is produced, processed, and packaged for sale in supermarkets that are a significant distance from where the product was grown.

Which of the following best explains the farming practice related to plantation agriculture?

Plantation farming is considered to be an intensive farming practice because it requires large inputs of labor and capital to produce the crop.

Based on von Thünen's model of rural land use, which of the following explains the location of agricultural practice A or B relative to the market?

Practice A represents intensive land use, requires a smaller parcel of land, and can afford higher land costs found closer to the market.

______________ was likely first domesticated in the foothills of the Himalayas, where the climate is unclassified highland and dry, not tropical.

Rice

The Green Revolution led to an increase in food production in many places around the world, but there have been some negative consequences. Which of the following explains one of the negative consequences of the Green Revolution that would be of greater concern for people in developing countries than for people in more-developed countries?

Runoff of agricultural chemicals into the local groundwater that pollutes water resources

The benefits to the tropical soils are

Short term

Agricultural settlement patterns are partly determined by the survey system used to organize landownership. Which of the following best describes the survey methods used to delineate agricultural land and the associated settlement patterns shown in the two images?

The first image shows a long-lot survey method with a linear settlement pattern, and the second image shows a metes-and- bounds survey method with a dispersed settlement pattern

The two images show an agricultural transition that occurred in the twentieth century. Which of the following best explains how this transition helped meet a challenge of contemporary agriculture?

The increased crop yield produced more food for a growing global urban and industrial population.

Which of the following best describes the settlement patterns shown in the images?

The long-lot system results in population clustered along a waterway, whereas the metes-and-bounds system results in a random, dispersed population pattern.

Commercial agriculture in dry climates relies heavily on irrigation. Which of the following best explains an environmental concern that results from irrigation in arid regions?

The soil will have increased salinity, leading to soil erosion and reduced nutrients in the soil for plant health.

United States exported approximately $500 million of beef to Mexico, and Mexico exported approximately $500 million of beef to the United States.

This interdependence of commodity chains between the United States and Mexico exists because each country depends of the other's market to sell certain cuts of meat.

Industrialization prompted an increase in

Thread production

Which of the following best describes the survey system used in both locations shown?

Township and range: unit-block field patterns with dispersed farmsteads and occasional villages

In 2017, the United States exported approximately $500 million of beef to Mexico, and Mexico exported approximately $500 million of beef to the United States. Which of the following best explains this international supply chain?

United States and Mexican producers rely on each other's market to sell certain beef products.

The metes-and-bounds system is more __________, with settlements located in a more _____________ pattern across land parcels.

Variable Randomized

The long-lot survey system is centered on a ____________ to maximize settlers' access to the waterway.

Waterway

Which of the following correctly explains the relationship between wheat and its early hearth of domestication?

Wheat was first domesticated in Mesopotamia because of a favorable climate and a great diversity of wild grains that led to crossbreeding of seeds.

Which of the following best explains patterns of subsistence and commercial agriculture in West African countries such as Ghana and Côte d'Ivoire?

While some farmers are engaged in subsistence agriculture practices, there is significant commercial farming focused on luxury goods for export, such as coffee and cocoa.

What gives grassland a low carrying capacity

a cow requires 1.5 to 2.0 acres for grazing

The Green Revolution resulted in increased _______________countries to______________.

agricultural exports from less developed more developed countries

The two types of wheat

are not grown in the same areas and do not respond well to double-cropping schemes.

Irrigated farmland in ______________ allows farmland to exist in places it would not normally exist.

arid landscapes

females assuming responsibility for harvesting and food preparation in less developed countries

can limit a woman's ability to go to school or enter the workforce.

According to von Thünen's model, market gardening is practiced

closer to the market and ranching is practiced farther from the market.

Only about 20 percent of the people in West African countries are employed in_________________,

commercial agriculture

The environmental side effects of slash-and-burn agriculture have been documented by

environmental scientists

Wheat production increased in developed regions of the world because

farmers can afford high-yield seeds, pesticides, fertilizers, and irrigation technology needed to produce higher yields.

Farm loans and agricultural subsidy programs available in more developed countries make large amounts of money available to

farmers who can purchase or lease larger farm vehicles and high-technology equipment.

The large amount of mechanized, commercial agriculture in the Western Hemisphere means

fewer people work as farmers, but production meets and/or exceeds demand.

In rural farming areas in less developed countries, females assume responsibility for

harvesting and food preparation.

Wheat production increased in developed regions of the world because farmers can afford

high-yield seeds, pesticides, fertilizers, and irrigation technology needed to produce higher yields.

intensive and thus can accommodate

higher land costs closer to markets much better

The Green Revolution was characterized by_________

increased crop specialization,

The benefits to the tropical soils are short term, and, in some cases, the soil is

irrevocably damaged by the practice of slash-and-burn agriculture.

,purchasing small plots of land will not_________________ even when the land is located further away from a market area and thus less expensive.

maximize efficiency

Increased crop specialization

meaning that farmers were more likely to grow single crops on larger plots of land.

Mechanization increased outputs to produce

more food and meet the needs of the world's increasingly urbanized population.

Plantation farming is________________ on near-market locations

not dependent

Irrigated farmland in arid landscapes allows farmland to exist in

places it would not normally exist.

many plantation crops like tea, coffee, and cocoa are

relatively inexpensive to transport and can locate far from markets.

People in________________ countries are more likely to use groundwater directly for drinking, whereas in___________ countries, water is treated before drinking. Contamination of groundwater used for drinking is a negative consequence of the Green Revolution in less-developed countries.

rural areas of less-developed urban areas and more-developed

As the water evaporates in the arid climate, it leaves behind

salts that build up over time and may lead to erosion and a decline in soil nutrients.

The most significant impact of disease was on ____________________which was decimated by the introduction of European diseases.

the indigenous population of the Americas,

Consumers in developed countries have started to seek out ______________________even though they are less efficient to produce and more expensive at the market.

traditionally grown pasture-raised or grass-fed beef and dairy products,

Crops such as rice, yams, okra, and plantains are typical of a_______________ which is found in countries such as ________

tropical wet and dry climate, Nigeria

Irrigated farmland in arid landscapes causes

water supplies in both surface water and groundwater are often limited in such places and are at risk for overconsumption.

Neither ___________________ is considered plantation agriculture. Both crops require intensive agriculture practices and large inputs of labor.

Apple orchards and grape vineyards

Since the mid-twentieth century, wheat production has risen dramatically in some regions of the world but not others, which may increase the uneven development among countries. Which statement best explains the increase in wheat production in Europe and the United States compared to sub-Saharan Africa?

Farmers in Europe and the United States use high-yield seeds and other technology but farmers in sub-Saharan Africa depend on low levels of mechanization and non-genetically modified seeds.

Organic farming is not associated with the

Green revolution

The high-yield grain produced during the _______ provided farmers in less developed countries with dramatic surpluses that were then sold at a profit.

Green revolution

The township-and-range systems system surveys lands to be a ____________________ pattern and results in scattered or dispersed farmsteads with occasional villages.

Grid or true square

The images show examples of agricultural technology developed during different time periods. Which of the following statements is best supported by the images?

Image 2 shows an innovation that occurred in the Second Agricultural Revolution, reducing the amount of labor needed and increasing crop yields. Tractors with internal combustion engines with aerator and planter attachments, as shown in image 2, were developed in the Second Agricultural Revolution. This type of technology increased yields and allowed farms to operate with fewer laborers.

Intensive farming can be on a

Small parcel of land

Bananas were first domesticated in __________and diffused to _______________ during the 1800s to be grown closer to consumer markets in the United States and Canada.

South east Asia Central America

What are the two types of wheat

Spring wheat and winter wheat

Women in less developed countries are needed to work in

Subsistence agriculture

Agriculture is practiced at the local scale, and agricultural yields are measured at the national scale. Which of the following best explains why the concept of the global system of agriculture is helpful to geographers?

The concept helps geographers simplify and visualize a vast and complicated global supply chain.

The images shown illustrate the differences in scale of production for two methods of producing thread. Which of the following best describes advances in the production of textiles during the Second Agricultural Revolution and the Industrial Revolution?

The conversion from manual thread spinning to an industrial processing approach led to increased demand for raw cotton in the agricultural sector.

cattle raised in feedlots are corralled in small areas and provided feed, raising the

carrying capacity of the land and improving the economy of scale.

Environmental effects do influence the

global food supply chain, but the concept is not related to the environmental effects of

Organic farming

is a movement related to sustainability, with limits on chemical fertilizers and genetically modified seeds.

Plantation farming is considered to be an intensive farming practice because

it requires large inputs of labor and capital to produce the crop

While the Green Revolution did increase production costs, this increase was caused by the use of

mechanization, irrigation, and fertilizer.

agriculturalists in West African countries such as Ghana and Côte d'Ivoire,

produce and export luxury crops such as coffee and cocoa.

Most other sales flow is from

products in the developing world to more developed countries.

The conversion from manual thread spinning to an industrial processing approach led to increased demand for

raw cotton in the agricultural sector.

Lettuce is usually transported

significant distances from where it is produced.

Consumers seek out beef raised according to more traditional methods based on perceptions that

these traditional methods can allow for more ethical treatment of animals, as well as being more environmentally friendly.

Consumers in developed countries have started to seek out traditionally grown pasture-raised or grass-fed beef and dairy products, even though

they are less efficient to produce and more expensive at the market.

While males have gradually taken on more household responsibilities, including food preparation, in more developed countries, females still tend

to be responsible for more food preparation.

there was an increase in_______________ where Green Revolution crops were introduced.

wealth disparity in may less developed countries

certain agricultural products may be preferred from certain origins, such as

well-known specialty beef such as Kobe or Wagyu from Japan.

In the United States, large-scale commercial lettuce production is primarily limited to

year-round farming locations with irrigated farmland.

Slash-and-burn cultivation is an agricultural practice used by subsistence farmers in tropical forest areas. Which of the following best explains an environmental effect of this practice?

Air pollution and long-term land-cover change are side effects of slash-and-burn agriculture that have a long-ranging effect on a broader region.

Which of the following explains an economic benefit of cattle production using feedlots rather than grass pastures?

Agricultural technology has increased the economy of scale and the carrying capacity of feedlots, increasing profits for the farmer.

Which of the following explains the prevalence of banana plantations in Central America?

Banana plants were brought to Central America from Southeast Asia to be grown closer to markets in the United States and Canada.

Irregular field patterns with ____________ are typical of the metes-and-bounds survey system used in the eastern United States.

Clusters of farm Holdings